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15:59:55 central distribution of these radioactive15:59:57 particles, compared to a slower inspiratory16:00:01 flowrate of 30 liters per minute where there's16:00:04 more equal distribution of the particles16:00:05 throughout the airways.16:00:0716:00:09 So the history of inhaled medications goes back to16:00:14 2000 BC in India. And back in that time, there 616:00:19 were herbal preparations such as the Datura plant16:00:23 that were used for medical purposes. The root of16:00:26 the Datura plant, Datura is Angel's Trumpets. It16:00:30 has alkaloids, which has potent anti‐cholinergic16:00:35 bronchodilator activity. They took these roots,16:00:38 they crushed them up, mixed them with ginger and16:00:40 pepper, smeared them on a reed, which was dried,16:00:43 and then that was smoked. So that was maybe the16:00:45 first reference to inhaled medications in history.16:00:5016:00:51 The first time that the term "inhaler" was ever16:00:53 used was by Dr. John Mudge in 1778. He published16:00:59 a book called "A Radical and Expeditious Cure of a16:01:03 Catarus Cough." He proposed inhaling opium vapor16:01:08 through this Mudge inhaler. You can barely see on16:01:12 here. There are some holes right here in the16:01:14 handle of this inhaler. The patient puts their16:01:17 mouth on this mouthpiece here. They inhale. Air16:01:20 is drawn through these holes, goes through the