Sustainable fuels from around the world - Bioenergi
Sustainable fuels from around the world - Bioenergi
Sustainable fuels from around the world - Bioenergi
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<strong>Sustainable</strong> <strong>fuels</strong> <strong>from</strong> <strong>around</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>world</strong>Thomas Rötger, IATA11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 1
Air transport climate change contribution• Our carbon footprint is small but growing– From 2% today to 3% in 2050 (Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange, IPCC)11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 2
Global aviation industry targets(ACI, CANSO, IATA, IBAC, ICCAIA commitment in 2009)2010 2020 20501.5% p/a fuelefficiencyWorking towardsCarbon-NeutralGrowthCarbon-NeutralGrowth <strong>from</strong> 2020Implementation ofglobal sectoralapproach50% reduction innet CO2emissions over2005 levels11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 3
IATA four-pillar strategy• Technology– Airframe, engine, systems– Cleaner bio-<strong>fuels</strong>, new energy sources• Aircraft operations– Drive for maximum efficiency & minimum weight• Infrastructure– Improve air routes, ATM & airport procedures• Economic instruments– Positive economic measures11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 4
Emissions reduction roadmapCO 2emissionsBusiness as usual emissionsAircraft technology (known), operations andinfrastructure measuresBio<strong>fuels</strong> and additional technologyCarbon-neutral growth 2020Gross emissions trajectoryEconomic measuresTechOpsInfraNo actionBio<strong>fuels</strong> +add. TechCNG 2020(schematic)-50% by20502005 2010 2020 2030 2040 205011-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 5
Aviation bio<strong>fuels</strong>: Status• Potential to reduce aviation’s carbon footprint by up to 80%• Suitability proven by various test flights since 2008• Technical certification for commercial use:– Biomass-to-Liquid (Fischer-Tropsch) 2009– HEFA (<strong>from</strong> vegetable oils and animal fats) Summer 2011– Syn<strong>the</strong>tic kerosene containing aromatics (SKA)– Alcohol-to-jet (ATJ, e.g. <strong>from</strong> sugar)– O<strong>the</strong>rs to follow?• Drop-in solutions certified for commercial useongoing• 16 airlines have done more than 1500 commercial flightssince 2011achieved11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 6
Passenger biofuel flights are taking placeUsed cooking oil:Over 1500 flights so far (August 2012)Jatropha:Camelina:Algae:Various sources:In green frame:Multiple flight series11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 7
Global effortsNordic biofuel network (being created)Solena project / SASSeaGreen @ Cranfield UniversitySolena project / British AirwaysFlightpath for bio<strong>fuels</strong>Aireg / German PureSkySpanish Camelina value chainAlgae production trial @ MADRomania camelina value chainPolicy projects / Researchprojects / Bio<strong>fuels</strong> production /Value chain and production11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 8
Global effortsDetroit Airport biofuel production<strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation FuelsNorthwestSolena project with 10 US airlinesFarm to FlyPlan de Vuelo in MexicoJatropha value chain projectABRABA in BrazilPolicy projects / Researchprojects / Bio<strong>fuels</strong> production /Value chain and production11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 9
Global effortsLanzaTech and Virgin Atlantic<strong>Sustainable</strong> bioenergy researchcentreQatar Advanced Biofuel PlatformChinese sustainable aviationstudy with PetroChinaJoint Laboratory for <strong>Sustainable</strong>Aviation Bio<strong>fuels</strong>Policy projects / Researchprojects / Bio<strong>fuels</strong> production /Value chain and production11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 10
Global effortsVirgin Blue initiative to developbiofuel <strong>from</strong> native eucalyptus<strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation FuelsRoadmap (Aust. and NZ)Solena and Qantas BtL plantPolicy projects / Researchprojects / Bio<strong>fuels</strong> production /Value chain and production11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 11
Global effortsAviation Bio<strong>fuels</strong> InitiativeSouth Africa / SADC11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 12 12
Sustainability requirementsLand useAVIATIONBIOFUELSWater & airqualityFood securitySocietal developmentSoil &biodiversityIATA member of Roundtable on <strong>Sustainable</strong> Bio<strong>fuels</strong> (RSB)SAFUG members must sign sustainability pledgeRegulations implemented in EU and US – global harmonisation necessary11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 14
Sustainability standards• Currently various incompatible standards• Regulatory: EU RED, US RFS• O<strong>the</strong>r countries to follow: adopt EU or US standard or develop own ones?• Voluntary: RSB, ISCC– Large difference between standards, in particular for lifecycle GHG– No mutual recognition of standards → barrier to global biofuel supply– Global harmonisation highly necessary• Emissions trading schemes– EU ETS: exemption (zero rating) for aviation bio<strong>fuels</strong>• <strong>from</strong> 2013 only RED fuel exempted– New Zealand: domestic flights under ETS, bio<strong>fuels</strong> zero-rated– Australia: ETS planned for domestic flights (bio<strong>fuels</strong> to be zero-rated)11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 15
Global implications of biofuel useExample 1Fuel uplift: USADestination: EURequest for ETS exemptionBiofuel production:BrazilBiofuel production, fuel uplift and flight destination can be in different countries different legislations applicable regarding potential incentives11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 16
Global implications of biofuel useExample 2Export to USA:Certification under RFSExport to EU:Certification under REDProducers may need multiple certifications if exporting into different marketsExport preferences will depend on respective incentives11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 17
Global implications of biofuel useExample 3Encourage local use of bio<strong>fuels</strong> near production to minimize cost andemissions for transport11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 18
Aviation bio<strong>fuels</strong> – achievements and challenges• Technicaldevelopment &certification• Test flightsBridge price gap reconventional jet fuel“The Valley of Death”• Full-scaleproduction andcommercialisation• Globallyrecognisedsustainability11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 19
Break <strong>the</strong> vicious circle of low biojet fuel supplyBiojet fuel =expensive niche productLow airlinedemandLow willingness tobuild up commercialproduction11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 2020
Fuel price / costIncentives to bridge cost gapFinancial incentivesAviation biofuelproduction cost rangesEU Biodiesel(for comparison)US RFSEU ETSCompetitiveness limit under US RFSCompetitiveness limit under EU ETSJet kerosene2111-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 21
The way forward – Industry next steps• Consolidate aviation business case• Airline-supplier agreements• Attract public and private investors• Demonstration plants• Synergies with automotive biofuel production• Scale up capacityMain challenges not technical,but economic and political11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 22
The way forward – How Governments can help• Globally agreed sustainability standards• Public incentives for aviation biofuel production and use– Allow to compete on equal basis as land transport– Allow to compete across <strong>world</strong> regions• User-friendly biofuel accounting methods• Increased R&D funding– e.g. ATJ, SKA, o<strong>the</strong>r pathways, algae• De-risking of pilot projects• Public / Private Partnerships– European Advanced Bio<strong>fuels</strong> Flightpath Initiative• Transport & Energy policy11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 23
THANK YOU!11-10-2012 Take off: A <strong>Sustainable</strong> Aviation Day 24
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