Framing Differences 1 Framing Differences in Gender-Related Sport ...

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Framing Differences 12were significantly more likely to be used in articles on both genders as opposed to eithergender individually.Table 2 Total Codes and Pairwise Comparisons for Internet ArticlesMen's (27) Women's (14) Both (15)Z-MWZ-WBZ-MB p-MW p-WB p-MBPhysical App., Attire 35 3.9% 21 4.1% 40 7.9% 0.434 0.005 0.001 0.4339 0.0053 0.0012Ath. Prowess 62 7.0% 34 6.7% 23 4.6% 0.586 0.927 0.968 0.5863 0.9271 0.9681Ath. Weaknesses 47 5.3% 26 5.1% 17 3.4% 0.560 0.914 0.954 0.5604 0.9137 0.9540Pos. Skill Level 392 44.0% 206 40.3% 241 47.7% 0.911 0.009 0.090 0.9105 0.0087 0.0896Neg. Skill Level 111 12.5% 63 12.3% 80 15.8% 0.528 0.054 0.041 0.5282 0.0538 0.0407Psy. Strength 112 12.6% 69 13.5% 40 7.9% 0.309 0.998 0.997 0.3088 0.9980 0.9970Psy. Weaknesses 72 8.1% 39 7.6% 23 4.6% 0.618 0.980 0.995 0.6181 0.9798 0.9954Family/Relationships 47 5.3% 48 9.4% 28 5.5% 0.002 0.990 0.415 0.0022 0.9902 0.4153Humor 13 1.5% 5 1.0% 13 2.6% 0.785 0.027 0.077 0.7850 0.0271 0.0772TOTAL 891 511 505RQ3: What significant differences – if any – exist in the gender-specific descriptors usedto frame newspaper articles on the U.S. Open men’s tournament, women’s tournament,and articles on both compared to descriptors in online sport sites on the sametournaments?When comparing newspaper and Internet articles only on men’s tennis in Table 3,the binomial tests for two proportions revealed online articles were significantly morelikely to use descriptors on psychological strengths and physical weaknesses, whilenewspapers significantly used more descriptors on family roles and humor. For articlessolely on women’s tennis as shown in Table 4, newspapers were significantly more likelyto employ descriptors on physical appearances, athletic weaknesses, and family roleswhen compared to Internet articles. Online articles were more likely to use attributes on
Framing Differences 13positive skill level, psychological strengths, and psychological weaknesses on women’stennis than those published in newspapers.Table 3 Total Codes for All Men’s Tennis Articles Based on MediumNewspapers (57) Internet (27)Times Used % of Desc. Times Used % of Desc. Z value p valuePhysical App., Attire 63 5.4% 35 3.9% 1.593 0.0556Ath. Prowess 73 6.3% 62 7.0% -0.606 0.2724Ath. Weaknesses 78 6.7% 47 5.3% 1.365 0.0861Pos. Skill Level 507 43.7% 392 44.0% -0.148 0.4413Neg. Skill Level 143 12.3% 111 12.5% -0.096 0.4617Psy. Strength 112 9.6% 112 12.6% -2.089 0.0184Psy. Weaknesses 62 5.3% 72 8.1% -2.459 0.0070Family/Relationships 83 7.1% 47 5.3% 1.743 0.0406Humor 40 3.4% 13 1.5% 2.884 0.0020TOTAL 1161 100% 891 100%Table 4 Total Codes for All Women’s Tennis Articles Based on MediumNewspapers (26) Internet (14)Times Used % of Desc. Times Used % of Desc. Z value p valuePhysical App., Attire 70 10.9% 21 4.1% 4.356 0.0000Ath. Prowess 40 6.2% 34 6.7% -0.284 0.3883Ath. Weaknesses 51 8.0% 26 5.1% 1.959 0.0251Pos. Skill Level 228 35.6% 206 40.3% -1.648 0.0496Neg. Skill Level 78 12.2% 63 12.3% -0.082 0.4671Psy. Strength 47 7.3% 69 13.5% -3.406 0.0003Psy. Weaknesses 29 4.5% 39 7.6% -2.193 0.0141Family/Relationships 91 14.2% 48 9.4% 2.511 0.0060Humor 7 1.1% 5 1.0% 0.189 0.4250TOTAL 641 100% 511 100%
Page 1 and 2: Framing Differences 1Framing Differ
Page 3 and 4: Framing Differences 3Introduction a
Page 5 and 6: Framing Differences 5content of fem
Page 7 and 8: Framing Differences 7The three news
Page 9 and 10: Framing Differences 9have descripto
Page 11: Framing Differences 11Table 1 Total
Page 15 and 16: Framing Differences 15media studies
Page 17 and 18: Framing Differences 17than those in
Page 19 and 20: Framing Differences 19REFERENCESBil
Page 21 and 22: Framing Differences 21Kane, M. J.,
Page 23: Framing Differences 23Sagas, M., Cu

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