National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 61, No. 5

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4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 61, No. 5, October 3, 20127% overall. Nonmarital births dropped for teenagers andwomen in their early 20s, and increased for women in agegroups 25 and over.• The proportion of all births to unmarried women was 40.7%in 2011, slightly lower than in 2010 (40.8%). There was adecline in non-Hispanic black births and a small increase innon-Hispanic white births; changes for other races andHispanic origin groups were not significant (Tables 1 and 7).• Unmarried teenagers accounted for 18% of all nonmaritalbirths in 2011, the lowest percentage ever reported. In 1970,teenagers accounted for 50% of births to unmarried women(6).• The percentage of births to unmarried women increased in4 states and declined in 10 states. Changes in the other 36states and the District of Columbia were not significant(Internet Table I–1).Percent141312111098PretermLow birthweightMaternal and infant health birth characteristicsKey findings are listed below:+ The percentage of births through cesarean deliveries rose nearly60% from 1996 through 2009 (2), but this upward trend may beat an end. Following a small decline in the rate from 2009 to 2010(32.9% to 32.8%), the cesarean delivery rate was unchanged for2010–2011 (Table 8).• The rate of cesarean delivery declined from 2010 to 2011among non-Hispanic white women; the rate was not significantlychanged for non-Hispanic black, AIAN, and APImothers, but rose among Hispanic mothers.+ The preterm birth rate fell for the fifth straight year in 2011 to11.72%, 2% lower than the 2010 rate (11.99%), and 8% lower thanthe 2006 peak. The preterm birth rate (the percentage of birthsdelivered at less than 37 completed weeks of gestation) rose bymore than one-third from 1981 to 2006 (see Tables 8 and 9 andFigure 4 for 1990–2011 trends) (2). Although the lowest level inmore than a decade, the 2011 rate of preterm birth is still higherthan rates reported during the 1980s and most of the 1990s.• Declines between 2010 and 2011 were observed amonginfants delivered early (less than 34 weeks) and late preterm(34–36 weeks). The early preterm percentage declined from3.50% in 2010 to 3.44% in 2011, and is down from 3.66%in 2006. The late preterm birth rate declined from 8.49% in2010 to 8.28% in 2011, and is down 10% from the 2006 high(Table 9).• Preterm births declined among each of the largest race andHispanic origin groups from 2010 to 2011: non-Hispanicwhite, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic infants (Table 8).Since 2006, the preterm rate has declined between 8% and9% for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black infants,and 5% for Hispanic infants (2). Although still substantiallyhigher than that of other groups, the 2010 and 2011 pretermrates for non-Hispanic black infants are the lowest reportedin the three decades for which comparable data have beenavailable.• The downward trend in preterm births for the recent 5-yearperiod is observed across most of the United States; rates701990 1995 2000 2006 2011SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.Figure 4. Preterm and low birthweight rates:United States, final 1990–2010 and preliminary 2011declined in 47 states and the District of Columbia from 2006to 2011 (see Tables 10 and I–3). Rates in the remaining 3states were essentially unchanged.+ The 2011 low birthweight (LBW) rate was 8.10, down slightlyfrom 8.15% in 2010 (Table 8 and Figure 4). The LBW rate (thepercentage of infants born at less than 2,500 grams or 5 lb., 8 oz.)increased more than 20% from the mid-1980s through 2006, buthas declined slowly, by 2%, from 2006 to 2011 (2). The rate of verylow birthweight (less than 1,500 grams or 3 lb., 4 oz.) wasessentially stable at 1.44% in 2011 (Table 8), but is down from thehigh of 1.49% for 2004 to 2007 (1). The percentage of infants bornmoderately low birthweight (1,500–2,499 grams) declined to6.66% in 2011, and is down from 6.77% in 2006.• LBW declined slightly between 2010 and 2011 among non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black infants, but was notsignificantly changed among Hispanic infants. Since 2006,LBW rates were down 3% for non-Hispanic white births anddown 5% for non-Hispanic black births; no consistent trendwas observed for Hispanic births (Table 8) (1).References1. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ. Births: Preliminary data for 2010.National vital statistics reports; vol 60 no 2. Hyattsville, MD: NationalCenter for Health Statistics. 2011. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_02.pdf.2. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ, et al. Births: Final data for 2010.National vital statistics reports; vol 61 no 1. Hyattsville, MD: NationalCenter for Health Statistics. 2012. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_01.pdf.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 61, No. 5, October 3, 201253. Ventura SJ, Mathews TJ, Hamilton BE. Births to teenagers in theUnited States, 1940–2000. National vital statistics reports; vol 49 no10. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2001.4. Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ. Birth rates for U.S. teenagers reach historiclows for all age and ethnic groups. NCHS data brief, no 89. Hyattsville,MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2012. Available from:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db89.pdf.5. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics of theUnited States, 2003, volume I, natality. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus.htm.6. Ventura SJ. Changing patterns of nonmarital childbearing in theUnited States. NCHS data brief, no 18. Hyattsville, MD: NationalCenter for Health Statistics. 2009. Available from:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db18.pdf.7. National Center for Health Statistics. User guide to the 2010 natalitypublic use file. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.Published annually. 2012. Available from: ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/DVS/natality/UserGuide2010.pdf.8. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ. Births: Preliminary data for 2005.National vital statistics reports; vol 55 no 11. Hyattsville, MD: NationalCenter for Health Statistics. 2006. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr55/nvsr55_11.pdf.9. National Center for Health Statistics. U.S. Standard Certificate of LiveBirth. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/birth11-03final-ACC.pdf.10. National Center for Health Statistics. Report of the Panel to Evaluatethe U.S. Standard Certificates and Reports. Hyattsville, MD: NationalCenter for Health Statistics. 2000. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/panelreport_acc.pdf.11. Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the standards for theclassification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Federal Register62FR5878–58790. October 30, 1997. Available from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_1997standards.12. Office of Management and Budget. Race and ethnic standards forfederal statistics and administrative reporting. Statistical Policy Directive15. May 12, 1977.13. Ingram DD, Parker JD, Schenker N, et al. United States Census 2000with bridged race categories. National Center for Health Statistics. VitalHealth Stat 2(135). 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_135.pdf.14. Johnson D. Coding and editing multiple race. Presented at the 2004Joint Meeting of NAPHSIS and VSCP. Portland, Oregon. June 6–10,2004.15. Weed JA. NCHS procedures for multiple-race and Hispanic origin data:Collection, coding, editing, and transmitting. Presented at the 2004Joint Meeting of NAPHSIS and VSCP. Portland, Oregon. June 6–10,2004. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/Multiple_race_docu_5-10-04.pdf.16. Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ. Characteristics of births to single- andmultiple-race women: California, Hawaii, Pennsylvania, Utah, andWashington, 2003. National vital statistics reports; vol 55 no 15.Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2007. Availablefrom: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr55/nvsr55_15.pdf.17. National Center for Health Statistics. Postcensal estimates of theresident population of the United States for July 1, 2010–July 1, 2011,by year, county, single-year of age (0, 1, 2, .., 85 years and over),bridged race, Hispanic origin, and sex (Vintage 2011). Prepared undera collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. Availablefrom: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm as of July 1,2012, following release by the U.S. Census Bureau of the unbridgedVintage 2011 postcensal estimates by 5-year age group on May 17,2012.18. U.S. Census Bureau, International data base as of June 2011 update.Population by single years of age and sex. 2011. Available from: http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php [accessed July 27, 2012].19. U.S. Census Bureau. Population estimates. Annual estimates of theresident population by single year of age and sex for Puerto Rico: April1, 2010 to July 1, 2011. 2012. Available from: http://www.census.gov/popest/data/datasets.html.20. Ventura SJ, Bachrach CA. Nonmarital childbearing in the UnitedStates, 1940–99. National vital statistics reports; vol. 48 no 16.Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2000. Availablefrom: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr48/nvs48_16.pdf.21. U.S. Census Bureau. DataFerrett—Current Population Survey, March2011. Washington, DC.
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