Moller, L. M. <strong>and</strong> R. G. Harcourt. 1998. Social dynamics <strong>and</strong>activity patterns of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, inJervis Bay, southeastern Australia. Proceedings of the LinneanSociety NSW 120:181-189.Molony, B. 2005. Estimates of the mortality of non-target specieswith an initial focus on seabirds, turtles <strong>and</strong> sharks. Paper EBWP–1 at the 1st Meeting of the Scientific Committee of theWestern <strong>and</strong> Central Pacific Fisheries Commission WCPFC–SC1, Noumea, New Caledonia 8–19 August 2005.Monniot, F., R. Martoja <strong>and</strong> C. Monniot. 1994. Cellular sites of iron<strong>and</strong> nickel accumulation in ascidians related to the naturally<strong>and</strong> anthropic enriched New Caledonian environment. Annalesde l’Institut Oceanographique 70 (2):205–216.Morton, A.B. <strong>and</strong> H.K. Symonds. 2002. Displacement of Orcinusorca (L.) by high amplitude sound in British Columbia. ICESJournal of Marine Science 59:71-80.Mosley, L. M. <strong>and</strong> W. G. L. Aalbersberg. 2003. Nutrient levels insea <strong>and</strong> river water along the ‘Coral Coast’ of Viti Levu, Fiji.South Pacific Journal of Natural Science 21:35-40.Munday, P. 1994. Kimbe Bay Rapid Ecological Assessment: Thecoral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua NewGuinea). Volume 7: Marine Mammals. Unpublished <strong>report</strong> toThe Nature Conservancy.Myers, R.A. <strong>and</strong> C.A. Ottensmeyer. 2005. Extinction Risk inMarine Species in Norse, E.A. <strong>and</strong> L.B. Crowder (eds), Marine<strong>Conservation</strong> Biology: The Science of Maintaining the Sea’sBiodiversity. Isl<strong>and</strong> Press, Washington DC (USA).Neumann, D. R. <strong>and</strong> M. B. Orams. 2005. Behaviour <strong>and</strong> ecologyof common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) <strong>and</strong> the impact oftourism in Mercury Bay, North Isl<strong>and</strong>, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>. Sciencefor <strong>Conservation</strong> 254. 40p.Newcomer, M. W., T. A. Jefferson, <strong>and</strong> R. L. Brownell Jr. 1996.Lissodelphis peronii. Mammalian Species (American Societyof Mammalogists) 531, 5pp.Nitta, E. T. 1994. A review of gillnet <strong>and</strong> trap fisheries inMicronesia <strong>and</strong> the Central Pacific. Report of the InternationalWhaling Commission (Special Issue 15):619.Nitta, E. T. <strong>and</strong> J. R. Henderson. 1993. A review of interactionsbetween Hawaii’s fisheries <strong>and</strong> protected species. MarineFisheries Review 55(2):83-92.NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2001. Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>sRegional Observer Program Deep Set Annual Status Report.Jan 1 2001 – Dec 31 2001, Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Regional Office,National Marine Fisheries Service.NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2002. Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>sRegional Observer Program Deep Set Annual Status Report.Jan 1 2002 – Dec 31 2002, Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Regional Office,National Marine Fisheries Service.NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2003. Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>sRegional Observer Program Deep Set Annual Status Report.Jan 1 2003 – Dec 31 2003, Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Regional Office,National Marine Fisheries Service.NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2004. Hawaii observerprogram Bottomfish annual status <strong>report</strong>. Jan 1 2004 – Dec31 2004, Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Regional Office, National MarineFisheries Service.NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2004. Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>sRegional Observer Program Deep Set Annual Status Report.Jan 1 2004 – Dec 31 2004, Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Regional Office,National Marine Fisheries Service.NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2004. Hawaii longlinequarterly summary <strong>report</strong>. Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Fisheries ScienceCenter. Accessed 2004. Available athttp://www.nmfs.hawaii.edu/fmep/hilong/othersummary.htm.NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2005. Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>sRegional Observer Program Deep Set Annual Status Report.Jan 1 2005 – Dec 31 2005, Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Regional Office,National Marine Fisheries Service.Noad, M. J. 2000. A southern right whale Eubalaena australis(Desmoulins, 1822) in southern Queensl<strong>and</strong> waters. Memoirsof the Queensl<strong>and</strong> Museum 45: 556.Noad, M. J. 2002. The use of songs by humpback whales(Megaptera novaeangliae) during migration off the east coastof Australia. PhD thesis, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.Noad, M. J. <strong>and</strong> D. H. Cato. 2001. A combined acoustic <strong>and</strong>visual survey of humpback whales off southeast Queensl<strong>and</strong>.Memoirs of the Queensl<strong>and</strong> Museum 47(2):507-523.Noad, M. J., D. H. Cato, M. M. Bryden, M-N. Jenner <strong>and</strong> K. C. S.Jenner. 2000. Cultural revolution in whale songs. Nature408:537.Noad, M. J., D. Paton, N. Gibbs <strong>and</strong> S. Childerhouse. Unpublished.A combined visual <strong>and</strong> acoustic survey of the cetaceans ofIndependent Samoa.Norris, K. S., B. Wursig, R. S. Wells, <strong>and</strong> M. Wursig. 1994. TheHawaiian Spinner <strong>Dolphin</strong>. University of California Press,Berkeley. 408pp.Northridge, S. P. 1984. World review of interactions betweenmarine mammals <strong>and</strong> fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper251. 190p.Northridge, S. P. 1991. An updated world review of interactionsbetween marine mammals <strong>and</strong> fisheries. FAO FisheriesTechnical Paper 251, Supplement 1. 58p.Northridge, S. P. 1991. Driftnet fisheries <strong>and</strong> their impacts onnon-target species: a worldwide review. FAO FisheriesTechnical Paper 320, FAO, Rome. 115p.Northridge, S. <strong>and</strong> G. Pelleri. 1986. A review of human impact onsmall cetaceans. Investigations on Cetacea 18:222-261.Northrop, J., W. C. Cummings <strong>and</strong> P. O. Thompson. 1968. 20-Hzsignals observed in the central Pacific. Journal of AcousticalSociety of America 43:383-384.Noshkin, V. E., W. L. Robison, K. M. Wong <strong>and</strong> R. J. Eagle. 1998.Behaviour of plutonium isotopes in the marine environmentof Enewetak atoll. Journal of radioanalytical <strong>and</strong> nuclearchemistry 234(1-2):243-249.O’Callaghan, T. M. <strong>and</strong> C. S. Baker. 2002. Summer cetaceancommunity, with particular reference to Bryde’s whales, in theHauraki Gulf, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>. DOC Science internal series 55.O’Connor, S. In press. Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>Whale</strong> Watch Tourism: 2005- A Region Wide Review of Activity. July 2006. Prepared byEcoLarge. 58 p.Odyssey logbook <strong>report</strong>. 2000. Accessed on November 3rd 2006from www.pbs.org/odysseyOhizumi, H., T. Matsuishi <strong>and</strong> H. Kishino. 2002. Winter sightingsof Humpback <strong>and</strong> Bryde’s whales in tropical waters of thewestern <strong>and</strong> central North Pacific. Aquatic Mammals 28:73-77.84 CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF CETACEAN THREATS, DIVERSITY, AND HABITATS IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION
Ohsumi, S. 1978. Bryde’s whales in the pelagic whaling groundof the North Pacific. Report of the International WhalingCommission (Special Issue 1):140-150.Ohsumi, S. 1978. Provisional <strong>report</strong> on the Bryde’s whales caughtunder special permit in the Southern Hemisphere. Report ofthe International Whaling Commission 28:281-287.Ohsumi, S. 1979. Bryde’s whales in the North Pacific in 1977.Report of the International Whaling Commission 29:265-266.Ohsumi, S. 1979. Provisional <strong>report</strong> of the Bryde’s whales caughtunder special permit in the southern hemisphere in 1977/78<strong>and</strong> a research programme for 1978/79. Report of theInternational Whaling Commission 29:267-273.Ohsumi, S. 1980. Bryde’s whales in the North Pacific in 1978.Report of the International Whaling Commission 30:315-318.Ohsumi, S. 1980. Population study of the Bryde’s whale in thesouthern hemisphere under scientific permit in the threeseasons, 1976/77-1978/79. Report of the InternationalWhaling Commission 30:319-331.Ohsumi, S. 1981. Further estimation of population sizes ofBryde’s whales in the South Pacific <strong>and</strong> Indian Oceansusing sightings data. Report of the International WhalingCommission 31: 407-415.Olavarría, C., A. Aguayo, J. Acevedo, L. Medrano <strong>and</strong> C. S. Baker.2005. Genetic differentiation between two feeding areas ofthe Eastern South Pacific humpback whale population. IWCScientific Document SC/57/SH3.Olavarría, C., C. S. Baker <strong>and</strong> C. Garrigue. 2001. Genetic“assignment” of humpback whales from the SouthernHemisphere feeding grounds to breeding grounds: a no-costrequest for access to IDCR-SOWER biopsy samples (1996-2000). Research Proposal to the IWC 12p.Olavarría, C., C. S. Baker, C. Garrigue, M. Poole, N. Hauser, S.Caballero, L. Flórez-González, M. Brasseur, J. Bannister, J. Capella,P. Clapham, R. Dodemont, M. Donoghue, C. Jenner, M-N. Jenner,D. Moro, M. Oremus, D. Paton <strong>and</strong> K. Russell. 2005. Populationstructure of humpback whales throughout the South Pacificwith reference to the origins of the eastern Polynesian breedinggrounds. IWC Science Document SC/57/For Information 8.Olavarría, C., C. S. Baker, L. Medrano, A. Aguayo, S. Caballero, L.Florez-Gonzalez, J. Capella, H. C. Rosenbaum, C. Garrigue, J.Greaves, M. Jenner, C. Jenner <strong>and</strong> J. L. Bannister. 2000. Stockidentity of Antarctic Peninsula Humpback whales inferredfrom mtDNA variation. IWC Science Document SC/52/IA15.Olavarría, C., M. Oremus, G. de Tezanos Pinto, D. Steel, D. Paton<strong>and</strong> C. S. Baker. 2004. Genetic identification of smallcetaceans from the waters of Samoa, South Pacific. IWCScience Document SC/56/SM25.Olavarría, C., M. Oremus, J. Ward <strong>and</strong> S. Plön. 2005. Geneticanalysis of a Kogia sp. Skin sample collected in Samoa in2005. Unpublished <strong>report</strong>, Auckl<strong>and</strong> August 2005, 18 p.Olavarría, C., M. Poole, N. Hauser, C. Garrigue, S. Caballero, M.Brasseur, K. Martien, K. Russell, M. Oremus, R. Dodemont, L.Florez-Gonzalez, J. Capella, H. Rosenbaum, D. Moro, C. Jenner,M-N Jenner, J. Bannister, <strong>and</strong> C. S. Baker. 2003. Populationdifferentiation of humpback whales from far Polynesia (GroupF breeding grounds) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences.IWC Science Document SH/55/SH11.Omata, Y., T. Hammond, K. Itoh, <strong>and</strong> K. Murata. 2005. AntibodiesAgainst Toxoplasma gondii in the Pacific Bottlenose <strong>Dolphin</strong>(Tursiops aduncus) From the Solomon Isl<strong>and</strong>s. Journal ofParasitology 91(4):965–967.Orams, M. B. 1995. Development <strong>and</strong> management of a feedingprogram for wild bottlenose dolphins at Tangalooma,Australia. Aquatic Mammals 23:154-168.Orams, M. B. 2001. From whale hunting to whale watching inTonga: A sustainable future? Journal of Sustainable Tourism9(2):128-146.Orams, M. B. 2002. Humpback <strong>Whale</strong>s in Tonga: An EconomicResource for Tourism. Coastal Management 30(4):361-380.Orams, M. B. 2004. Tonga - A new battleground in the war overwhales. Sea Technology 45(10):25-30.Otobed, D. O. <strong>and</strong> I. A. Maiava. Republic of Palau: State of theEnvironment Report. SPREP, Apia, Western Samoa.Pacific Isl<strong>and</strong>s Report. 2007. Retired Major General to headGuam buildup. January 11, 2007. Available at http://pidp.eastwestcenter.org/pi<strong>report</strong>/2007/January/01-11-07.htmPalsbøll, P. J., M. Bérubé, E. C. Anderson <strong>and</strong> K. K. Dunham. 2005.Comment - High levels of statistical uncertainty in ‘gametic’recapture estimates of male abundance in humpback whales.Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:305-307.Papastavrou, V. <strong>and</strong> R. Leaper. 2005. Debating whale sanctuaries.Science 309:51.Parra, G. J., C. Azuma, A. R. Preen, P. J. Corkeron <strong>and</strong> H. Marsh.2002. Distribution of Irrawaddy dolphins, Orcaellabrevirostris, in Australian waters. The Raffles Bulletin ofZoology 10:141-154.Parra, G. J. <strong>and</strong> P. J. Corkeron. 2001. Feasibility of using photoidentificationtechniques to study the Irrawaddy dolphin,Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray 1866). Aquatic Mammals27.1:45-49.Parra, G. J. <strong>and</strong> H. Marsh. 2003. Status of marine mammals in theAustralian waters of South East Asia. SEAMAMII Conference.Passfield, K. 1998. A <strong>report</strong> of a survey of the marine resources ofFakaofo Atoll, Tokelau. Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Environmental ResourceConsultants Ltd. 34p.Paterson, R. A. 1990. Effects of long-term anti-shark measureson target <strong>and</strong> non-target species in Queensl<strong>and</strong>, Australia.Biological <strong>Conservation</strong> 52:147-159.Paterson, R. A. 1991. The migration of humpback whalesMegaptera novaeangliae in east Australian waters. Memoirsof the Queensl<strong>and</strong> Museum, 30,333–341.Paterson, R. A. 1994. An annotated list of recent additions to thecetacean collection in the Queensl<strong>and</strong> Museum. Memoirs ofthe Queensl<strong>and</strong> Museum 35:217–223.Paterson, R. A. 2001. A presumed killer whale (Orcinus orca)attack on humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) atPoint Lookout, Queensl<strong>and</strong>. Memoirs of the Queensl<strong>and</strong>Museum 47:436.Paterson, R. A. 2001. Exploitation of humpback whales,Megaptera novaeangliae, in the South West Pacific <strong>and</strong>adjacent Antartctic water during the 19th <strong>and</strong> 20th centuries.Memoirs of the Queensl<strong>and</strong> Museum 47, 421–429.Paterson, R. <strong>and</strong> P. Paterson. 1989. The status of the recoveringstock of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in eastAustralian waters. Biological <strong>Conservation</strong> 47:33–48.CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF CETACEAN THREATS, DIVERSITY, AND HABITATS IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION 85
- Page 1 and 2:
Current State of Knowledge ofCetace
- Page 3:
Current State of Knowledge of Cetac
- Page 7 and 8:
Chapter 4: Cetacean checklists by c
- Page 9 and 10:
Executive SummaryThis report provid
- Page 12 and 13:
The limited land base of the 22 Pac
- Page 14 and 15:
“Pacific Island Countries and Ter
- Page 16 and 17:
Land degradationDue to the limited
- Page 18 and 19:
identified as marine and coastal ec
- Page 20 and 21:
The distribution of Pacific Ocean t
- Page 22 and 23:
ecent global survey of toxicity lev
- Page 24 and 25:
and Orams 2005). Hector’s dolphin
- Page 26 and 27:
pilot whale (4), sperm whale (2), s
- Page 28 and 29:
al. 2003). In January 2004 a humpba
- Page 30 and 31:
Stranded Cuvier’s beaked whale, A
- Page 32 and 33:
Reeves et al. (1999) also refer to
- Page 34 and 35: “... the limited research efforts
- Page 36 and 37: were made to ensure that classifica
- Page 38 and 39: Scientific NameCommon NameBalaenopt
- Page 40 and 41: their presence in the region. Distr
- Page 42 and 43: Over the austral summer of 1998-199
- Page 44 and 45: 7. KiribatiLand Area (km 2 ): 811Se
- Page 46 and 47: Scientific NameCommon NameBalaenopt
- Page 48 and 49: Scientific NameCommon NameBalaenopt
- Page 50 and 51: Northern Marianas Islands (D. Johns
- Page 52 and 53: Scientific NameCommon NameBalaenopt
- Page 54 and 55: within the Pitcairn group reported
- Page 56 and 57: short-finned pilot whales have been
- Page 58 and 59: Scientific NameCommon NameBalaenopt
- Page 60 and 61: Scientific NameCommon NameMegaptera
- Page 62 and 63: Table 1American SamoaCook IslandsFe
- Page 64 and 65: “The diverse and expansive Pacifi
- Page 66 and 67: feeding occurs in summer to warmer,
- Page 68 and 69: ID: At sea identification between l
- Page 70 and 71: FAMILY PhocoenidaePhocoena dioptric
- Page 72 and 73: “... the subtleties and extent of
- Page 74 and 75: Palumbi. 1993. Abundant mitochondri
- Page 76 and 77: Coan, A. L., G. T. Sakagawa, D. Pre
- Page 78 and 79: Forestell, P.H. and G. D. Kaufman.
- Page 80 and 81: Halliday I., J. Ley, A. Tobin, R. G
- Page 82 and 83: grouping and population structure.
- Page 86 and 87: Paterson, R., P. Paterson and D. H.
- Page 88 and 89: Samuels, A., L. Bejder and S. Heinr
- Page 90 and 91: Trianni, M. S. and C. C. Kessler. 2
- Page 92 and 93: “The conservation status of amigr
- Page 94 and 95: TAXONVERNACULAR NAMESUBORDER ODONTO
- Page 96 and 97: taxon, threatened status may well b
- Page 98: WDCS CMS ProgrammeCoordinating Offi