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TAXONVERNACULAR NAMESUBORDER ODONTOCETITOOTHED CETACEANSLagenorhynchus obscurus 2 Dusky dolphin DDLissodelphis peronii Southern right whale dolphin DDOrcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy dolphin DDOrcaella heinsohni 3 Snubfin dolphin DDOrcinus orca Orca LR/cdPeponocephala electra Melon-headed whale LR/lcPseudorca crassidens False killer whale LR/lcSousa chinensis Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin DDStenella attenuata Pantropical spotted dolphin LR/cdStenella coeruleoalba Striped dolphin LR/cdStenella longirostris Spinner dolphin LR/cdSteno bredanensis Rough-toothed dolphin DDTursiops aduncus Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin DDTursiops truncatus Common bottlenose dolphin DDFamily PhocoenidaePorpoisesNeophocaena phocaenoides 1 Finless porpoise DDPhocoena dioptrica 2 Spectacled porpoise DDFamily KogiidaeDiminutive Sperm whalesKogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale LR/lcKogia sima Dwarf sperm whale LR/lcFamily PhyseteridaeSperm whalePhyseter macrocephalus Sperm whale VUFamily ZiphiidaeBeaked WhalesBerardius arnuxii 2 Arnoux’s beaked whale LR(cd)Hyperoodon planifrons Southern bottlenose whale LR(cd)Indopacetus pacificus 2 Longman’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon bowdoini Andrew’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon carlhubbsi Hubb’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon densirostris Blainville’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon ginkgodens Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale DDMesoplodon grayi Gray’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon hectori Hector’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon layardii Layard’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon mirus True’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon perrini1 Perrin’s beaked whale DDMesoplodon peruvianus Pygmy beaked whale DDMesoplodon traversii Spade-toothed whale NETasmacetus shepherdi 2 Tasman’s beaked whale DDZiphius cavirostris Cuvier’s beaked whale DD1 Temperate species - records from New Zealand waters only2 Temperate species - records from southern Australia and New Zealand waters only3 Records from Australian waters only94 CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF CETACEAN THREATS, DIVERSITY, AND HABITATS IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION
IUCN Categories and DefinitionsIUCN Red List CriteriaCategories used in the IUCN Red Book primarily come from categories and criteria (version 3.1) yet referencesare also made to the previous structure (version 2.3) to allow a smooth transition between these two versions(IUCN 2006).The following definitions are taken directly from the 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)EXTINCT (EX): A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxonis presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal,seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a timeframe appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW): A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, incaptivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinctin the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal,annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frameappropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR): A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicatesthat it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to befacing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.ENDANGERED (EN): A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any ofthe criteria A to E for Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk ofextinction in the wild.VULNERABLE (VU): A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of thecriteria A to E for Vulnerable (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction inthe wild.NEAR THREATENED (NT): A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but doesnot qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely toqualify for a threatened category in the near future.LEAST CONCERN (LC): A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does notqualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa areincluded in this category.DATA DEFICIENT (DD): A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, orindirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in thiscategory may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distributionare lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates thatmore information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatenedclassification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many casesgreat care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon issuspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of theCURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF CETACEAN THREATS, DIVERSITY, AND HABITATS IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION 95
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Current State of Knowledge ofCetace
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Current State of Knowledge of Cetac
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Chapter 4: Cetacean checklists by c
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Executive SummaryThis report provid
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The limited land base of the 22 Pac
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“Pacific Island Countries and Ter
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Land degradationDue to the limited
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identified as marine and coastal ec
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The distribution of Pacific Ocean t
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ecent global survey of toxicity lev
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and Orams 2005). Hector’s dolphin
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pilot whale (4), sperm whale (2), s
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al. 2003). In January 2004 a humpba
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Stranded Cuvier’s beaked whale, A
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Reeves et al. (1999) also refer to
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“... the limited research efforts
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were made to ensure that classifica
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Scientific NameCommon NameBalaenopt
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their presence in the region. Distr
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Over the austral summer of 1998-199
Page 44 and 45: 7. KiribatiLand Area (km 2 ): 811Se
Page 46 and 47: Scientific NameCommon NameBalaenopt
Page 50 and 51: Northern Marianas Islands (D. Johns
Page 54 and 55: within the Pitcairn group reported
Page 56 and 57: short-finned pilot whales have been
Page 60 and 61: Scientific NameCommon NameMegaptera
Page 62 and 63: Table 1American SamoaCook IslandsFe
Page 64 and 65: “The diverse and expansive Pacifi
Page 66 and 67: feeding occurs in summer to warmer,
Page 68 and 69: ID: At sea identification between l
Page 70 and 71: FAMILY PhocoenidaePhocoena dioptric
Page 72 and 73: “... the subtleties and extent of
Page 74 and 75: Palumbi. 1993. Abundant mitochondri
Page 76 and 77: Coan, A. L., G. T. Sakagawa, D. Pre
Page 78 and 79: Forestell, P.H. and G. D. Kaufman.
Page 80 and 81: Halliday I., J. Ley, A. Tobin, R. G
Page 82 and 83: grouping and population structure.
Page 84 and 85: Moller, L. M. and R. G. Harcourt. 1
Page 86 and 87: Paterson, R., P. Paterson and D. H.
Page 88 and 89: Samuels, A., L. Bejder and S. Heinr
Page 90 and 91: Trianni, M. S. and C. C. Kessler. 2
Page 92 and 93: “The conservation status of amigr
Page 96 and 97: taxon, threatened status may well b
Page 98: WDCS CMS ProgrammeCoordinating Offi
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