1.0 Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter describes the ... - DSpace

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Tiwana (2000), it has categorized two major types of knowledge:a. Explicit KnowledgeIt is the knowledge that can be expressed in words and numbers, and easilycommunicated and shared in the form of hard data, scientific formulae, codifiedprocedures, or universal principles (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995; Choo, 2003)such as outputs of Research and Development (R&D) teams, strategicinformation about customers, suppliers, products and competitors. Besides, theexplicit knowledge can also be accumulated through reports that consist of‘know-what’ knowledge.b. Tacit KnowledgeIt is the knowledge that can be expressed through people’s minds via their viewsand experiences, which cannot be recorded easily (Tiwana, 2000). Tacitknowledge can also be conveyed through ‘face-to-face’ and ‘hands-on’ methodsby focusing on ‘know-how’ knowledge to others that includes competencies andknowledge resources of human capital within the organization.Elizabeth A.Smith (2001) believed that workers who are lacking in adequate educationand training rely on common sense and intuition or tacit knowledge. While the ability toacquire and manage tacit knowledge is deemed to be the key to managerial success,however it is also found that the tacit knowledge can be lost through employeeoutsourcing, organization downsizing, job termination and retirement. As a result, mostorganizations are trying to retain their employees or capture and store their knowledgefor future reference.According to Hansen et al. (1999), Koehn and Abecker (1997), the two main strategiesfor KM that have been employed by early adopters of principals are:2
a. The process-centered approach emphasizes on communication process andenforces person-to-person contacts, which help in knowledge sharing andcommunication.b. The product-centered approach which describes the knowledge documents,knowledge creation, storage and re-use.In general, knowledge is developed and transferred through process-centered approach,while the content of KM can be transformed into different forms such as documents anddigital forms via the product-centered approach.‘The business of universities is all about knowledge and the HLI such as universitieshave been the site of knowledge production, storage, dissemination and authorization.’(Ian C. Reid, 2000) This is shown that the HLI are no longer just places for learning andstudying, but also to contribute knowledge. Therefore, management of knowledge andintellectual capital is necessary to retain the available knowledge.In this research, it identifies the current status of KM in HLI, within Selangor and KualaLumpur (KL), Malaysia and follows by an in-depth study on how KM can beimplemented in HLI. As an end result of this research a proposed web-based systemknown as ‘KnowledgeLink’ that supports KM in HLI would be developed andimplemented.1.2. Problem Statement‘The fixed tangible resources of the organization are no longer considered as asustainable source of competitive advantage because such assets are quickly becomeavailable to the competitors’ (Mark Sharratt and Abel Usoro, 2003). KM is a new fieldespecially in HLI. Therefore, a survey by Sam Hijazi and Lori Kelly (2003) hasindicated that HLI and the business world have some difficulties in understanding the3
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1.0 Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter describes the ... - DSpace

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