Evolution of Fiqh - Mission Islam

Qabeelat TayybahDefinition of Sahabah: any man or woman who lived during the time of the Prophet (sws) and embraced Islamand saw and recognized the Prophet (sws) at least once in his lifetime, and then died on Islam. That is, there wasno apostasy in the middle.Mukhaddaram are those who lived during time of Prophet but did not see/meet him.Interestingly, 100,000 people were present at Arafah and witnessed Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) lastsermon, so they would have been sahabah; however, many of them apostatedized after Rasool (s) died, and sothe Sahabah went down to a few thousand. Hayat-us-Sahabah – has only a few thousand sahabah.Faqeeh Says…The Sahabah fall into different categories in respect to different aspects of classifications like their knowledge,closeness to the Prophet (saw), memorization of the Qur’an, age etc. – just to name a few. However, accordingto the Madhab of Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah they are all reliable and trustworthy.Ranks of the SahabahThe Sahabah are not all of one level.1. The four khulafaa’ – Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, Uthman, ‘Ali (ra)2. The major Sahabah – (the older group) Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf, etc. (ra)3. The young Sahabah – (lived long enough to relate Islam to a later time) Abdullah in Umar, Abdullah ibnAbbas, Abdullah ibn Zubayr, Aisha, Abu Sayid Al-Khudri, etc. (ra)4. Scholars from among the Sahabah – Abdullah Ibn Abbas, Abdullah ibn Masoud, Aisha, Abu Hurayra,Muadh ibn Jabal, Zayd ibn Thabit, Ali bin Abi Talib, etc.• among them were regular people (farmers, carpenters, etc.) who had acquired scholarshipMajor Events of the Period1. Compilation and Distribution of the Quran• At the time of Abu Bakr many huffadh were killed in battle of Yamamah fighting against the apostates.Umar convinced Abu Bakr to have the Quran compiled.• Zayd ibn Thabit was assigned this noble task.• This volume stayed with Abu Bakr until his death (May Allah be Pleased With Him), then given toUmar, then to Hafsa, then Uthmaan (who handled the issue of different Qiraat) and he made 4 majorcopies which followed one calligraphy (according to the dialect of the Quraish now known as Uthmaniscript).• 4 copies were sent to major cities within the state: Makkah, Kufa, Basra, and Egypt (or ash-Shaam). Themaster copy stayed in Madinah.• All other copies were ordered to be destroyed, and Muslims were only to make copies from these 4.2. The Expansion of the State – demanded new fiqh• Due to the rapid expansion to far-reaching territories, the sahabah encountered many new ethnic andcultural issues and unprecedented events.• A need for new fiqh arose.• Similar to today. Ex. business – ebay, paypal, buying gold at auctions, inter-racial marriages.TCE Notes Revolution 36