Evolution of Fiqh - Mission Islam

Qabeelat Tayybaho There were three major parties of the Ummah Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah Ash- Shi’a Al-Khawarijo Both the Shi’a and the Khawarij emerged in Iraq and remained there mostly.2. General turbulence in the arena of knowledgeo The Fuqaha’ did not want to be affiliated with any of these groups so they became very independento Therefore Ijma’ became unreliable and impossible. People started to reject Ijma’ because they didnot know whether all the Fuqaha’ agreed upon a particular issue.3. Dispersion of the Muslim ScholarsMuslim scholars began escaping from the center of the state to be free from any influence due tofactionalism. This increased the difficulty of Ijma’ and also explains why the Fuqaha’ went all the wayto Al-Andalus. In a positive light, this aided the development of Fiqh because the Fuqaha’ were nowindependent of political influences from the state.4. Establishment of the first Madhahibo Ahl al-Hijazo Ahl al-IraqTherefore Fiqh became separated into the Literal (Ahl al-Hijaz) and Analytical (Ahl al-Iraq) methods.5. Popularity of the narration of HadeethThe need to understand and preserve the Sunnah of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) became vital nowsince the Qur’an had been committed to memory. The science of hadeeth along with the issue of thechain of narrators started to be developed.6. Appearance of the phenomenon of fabricationHadeeth became a business due to the popularity and high demand for it. Some people would fabricateHadeeth to give hope to people during the time of fitna (e.g. read this Surah for poverty, etc.). Otherswould use fabricated ahadeeth to promote their own selfish desires for example the seller of carrotscreated hadeeth such as “…eating carrots strengthens the sight.” In turn the demand for carrots wouldincrease immensely and they would gain the profit for fabricating this hadeeth. In addition, some hadsectarian interests so they fabricated hadeeth to gain support while others just wanted to createcorruption.7. The massive conversion of the non-ArabsAt first, the majority of the Muslims were Arabs. Now non-Arabs began converting to Islam. Within ashort period, the non-Arabs become the majority and produced many scholars. The Umayyads wanted tokeep power within the tribe of Quraish (i.e in the hands of the Arabs) because of the Hadeeth ofRasulAllah sal Allahu alayhi wa Sallam in which he says that leadership should remain in the hands ofthe Quraish. Therefore, the political power was not shared and this created divisions and ultimately ledto the collapse of the Umayyads. The Abbasids, used the non-Arabs to help them gain power andoverthrow the Umayyads.There were many Muslim scholars of non-Arab descent at this time and they were the majority whoserved the deen after the time of RasulAllah sal Allahu alayhi wa Sallam and the Sahabah. The issue isnot about being Arab but about being righteous, knowledgeable and serving the deen.TCE Notes Revolution 44