Making The Law Work for Everyone Commission on Legal ... - ISSAT

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Taking Microcredit Out of the Ghetto ........................................................... 259Mutual Funds <strong>for</strong> the Poor .......................................................................... 260Institutionalising the Collective Identity of Poor and In<strong>for</strong>mal Businesses ........ 261Business Rights - Provides Value Based Change Process ................................ 262Pillars of Change ....................................................................................... 263Conclusions............................................................................................... 265Recommendations and Key Messages .......................................................... 266Objectives of Empowerment Process ......................................................... 266Means to Meet Objectives ........................................................................ 266<strong>The</strong> Formalisation Debate ........................................................................ 266Chapter 4 Endnotes ................................................................................... 267Chapter 4 Bibliography ............................................................................... 271Boxes 1 Empowering Indigenous People through Entrepreneurship ............... 2172 Unlocking Barriers: Legal Mechanisms to Empower In<strong>for</strong>malBusinesses .................................................................................... 2213 Most Difficult Places to Do Business (by specific category) .............. 2244 Largest Multi-National Company has 2.3 Million Rural Poor Womenas Shareholders ............................................................................. 260Case StudiesUkraine and Private Business Development ............................................... 226New Markets Lead to New Opportunities <strong>for</strong> Rural In<strong>for</strong>mal Businesses—VegCARE, Kenya ..................................................................................... 232Linking Markets: Promoting Sustainable Tourism Development withIndigenous and Rural Communitiesin Latin America ................................... 234Alternate Model of In<strong>for</strong>mal Credit: SMEs Helping In<strong>for</strong>mal Enterprises in Peru ..235Construmex (Mexico) — Helping Migrants with Remittances ....................... 238Durban: A Heterogeneous Solution Through Public Private Partnership ........ 240Buy-back Centres <strong>for</strong> Waste Collectors: A Public-Private-CommunityPartnership Model .................................................................................. 240“Tell us How to Make Legal Mechanisms and Tools <strong>Work</strong> <strong>for</strong> In<strong>for</strong>malBusinesses.” President Benjamin Mkapa, Tanzania .................................... 243Business Registration Re<strong>for</strong>m in Uganda ................................................... 245Identity, Voice And Association In <strong>The</strong> In<strong>for</strong>mal Economy —A Long Journey Of Self-employed Women’s Association (Sewa), India .......... 254Technology and the In<strong>for</strong>mal Sector: Fishing with Mobile Phones ................ 258Figures 1 GDP Per Capita and the Size of the Shadow Economy ..................... 2132 Indigenous Private Sector Development and Regulation in Africa andCentral Europe: A 10-country Study ................................................. 2133 Regulatory Burdens Impacting on In<strong>for</strong>mal Enterprises ................... 2234 Regulatory Environment and In<strong>for</strong>mality ........................................ 2255 Legal Empowerment of In<strong>for</strong>mal Enterprises .................................. 263
Chapter 5 Road Maps <strong>for</strong> Implementation of Re<strong>for</strong>ms:Implementation Strategies, Including Toolkits and Indices ..................... 275Road Maps to Implementation .................................................................... 278Mapping Legal Empowerment beyond the Nation State .................................. 279Toolkits and Indices ................................................................................... 279Strategy and Tactics ................................................................................... 281Introduction: Attributes of Legal Empowerment .................................................... 283Implementation: Challenges and Opportunities .................................................... 285Policy Initiation ......................................................................................... 287Policy Champions ...................................................................................... 288Forces Affecting Implementation ................................................................. 289Policy Stakeholders .................................................................................... 290Beneficiaries ............................................................................................. 291Allies ........................................................................................................ 294Practitioners.............................................................................................. 295Challengers ............................................................................................... 295Policy Environment and Contextual Analysis ................................................. 296Social Structure ......................................................................................... 296Economic Context ...................................................................................... 297Political System ......................................................................................... 298Administrative State ................................................................................... 300In<strong>for</strong>mality ................................................................................................ 302Policy Characteristics ................................................................................. 308Complexity ................................................................................................ 308Ambiguity ................................................................................................. 309Discord ..................................................................................................... 310Diagnosing the Influence on Policy Implementation ....................................... 312An Approach to Implementation <strong>for</strong> Country ‘X’............................................. 312Road Maps to Implementation .......................................................................... 315Mapping the Empowerment Domains ........................................................... 316Mapping the LEP Agenda at Different Political/Administrative Levels .............. 322Activities at Global Level ............................................................................ 323Activities at the Regional and Sub-regional Levels ......................................... 324Activities at National Level ......................................................................... 325Activities at the Local Level ........................................................................ 325Country Level Approaches, Toolkits and Indices................................................... 325Countries Piloting Legal Empowerment Re<strong>for</strong>m ............................................. 325Choosing the Appropriate Country Level Process ........................................... 326Tools to Support Legal Empowerment Re<strong>for</strong>ms .............................................. 328
Page 5 and 6: In reply to its expression of sorro
Page 7: group chaired by Commission
Page 10 and 11: that they can protect their assets
Page 12: External Monitoring ...............
Page 16 and 17: Case 10 Spain: Flexibility at the M
Page 20 and 21: Explanation of the Tools ..........
Page 23 and 24: 1. IntroductionThe
Page 25 and 26: Theoretical perspe
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Page 31 and 32: or social services fraud. Thus, alt
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Page 39 and 40: even better, by showing the ones wi
Page 41 and 42: A related option is teaching the po
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Page 45 and 46: From an economic perspective this s
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Page 61 and 62: ing access to justice for</
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cies (including local authorities)
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(ADB 2001b). These
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e restructured in a way that reduce
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impact of a proposed action on some
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5. Conclusions andRecommendationsIn
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Chapter 1 Endnotes1 Excellent recen
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Lopez-de-Silanes, F. 2002.
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ChapterTWOEmpowering thePoor Throug
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the West, but that has made entire
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and insurance — to facilitate tra
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Table 1 Mapping the dynamics of leg
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creasing finance for</stron
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I. IntroductionAs these lines are b
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contributed to its substance. But a
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sis to protect transactions or to p
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in their countries is added reason
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is concentrated in the hands of the
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property, contribute to the exclusi
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There may be sound
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system as a system of rules regardi
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Box 3 Namibian land refor</
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Box 4 Focus AfricaCustomary rights
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property, some indigenous peoples a
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• Where consensus is hard to obta
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and the establishment of transparen
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which develop into a fully serviced
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Box 5 Sale of land: examples oflega
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as collateral more of the poor woul
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Enhancing Access to Land and Real P
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Box 8 Example of Singapore:public h
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Box 10 Slum upgradinginitiative in
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2. Pay Attention to Sequencing. <st
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Foster Coalitions of Change in Favo
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Chapter 2 EndnotesUniversal Declara
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ers, refl ecting the allocation of
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ing industry through the scheme. (S
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193 See Tomlinson 2007.194 UN-ESCAP
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presented at the National W
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Property Rights.’ At: http://www.
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Empowerment, issue 2, Oslo: 65-90.R
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ChapterTHREETowards a GlobalSocial
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and grounded in conditions of freed
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Support inclusive social protection
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tions that follow from this, and em
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2. Labour Rights, Infor</st
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ployment in developing countries: s
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Box 1 Different Categories of In<st
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In North American, European Union,
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self-employed persons in OECD count
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all cases, the infor</stron
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A New Departure: Fundamental Princi
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The conclusions st
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forcement and, eve
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e granted to people as citizens rat
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uncertainty as to the existence of
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surveys discussed below, the ICA su
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e lower than that created by other
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tion, and civil security, which typ
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and the quantity of employment oppo
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equity. The key to
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works, first by allowing fo
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and of regulations should involve a
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Process recommendationsOur working
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Towards a New Social Contract.<stro
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on Gender Indicators of the Inter-A
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Case 4:Collective identity, collect
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nomic and social development plans
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Case 7:Social security for<
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our inspection and sanction and it
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the law and therefor</stron
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Chapter 3 Endnotes1 See Resolution
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83 Boundary: a cab driver,
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_______. 2002a. ‘Decent W
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ChapterFOURBusiness Rights195
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Informal and <stro
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tion in decision making that promot
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workers as well as the self-employe
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Good initiatives have been undertak
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obtain formal, per
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the government’s ability to issue
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and those in transition, as well as
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ers employed by households, to ‘d
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Figure 1 GDP Per Capita and the Siz
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social insurance, and need
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Box 1 Empowering Indigenouspeoples
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mand for af<strong
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Box 2 Unlocking Barriers: Legal Mec
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tion is inadequate or the roads are
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Figure 4 Regulatory Environment and
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statements, invoices, etc.). Accord
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ights. Other benefits would include
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agricultural activities more produc
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primary health system. Similarly, i
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(owned by men with access to credit
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provides protection to low-income p
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private-partnerships (PPPs) that ca
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enterprises. Developing effective s
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Case Study:‘Tell us how to make l
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Case Study:Business Registration Re
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10. Establish a single business ide
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Expansion1. Distribute both positiv
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successfully without much additiona
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• Asset protection;• Capital pr
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‘entrepreneurship inspired by nec
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millions who operate poor, micro in
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In developing and promoting new app
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institutional instruments to make t
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Figure 5Legal Empowerment of In<str
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forward linkages o
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of public space, tax-funded incenti
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33 Chen, M. Rethinking the In<stron
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Chapter 4 BibliographyADB, ‘Legal
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WIEGO, ‘Accra Hawkers Association
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYExisting power str
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take effect quickly. Individual unc
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ping; competencies assessment; conf
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sort out the conflicting elements a
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so the Commission
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menu of possible Legal Empowerment
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ership. Legal Empowerment of the Po
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to be frictional for</stron
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jority of the population in many co
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At the national level, a society’
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programme — which accrues to the
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Dharavi’s residents lack ownershi
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een a far greater number of authori
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eform, as Box 5.3
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ased work easier to fit in around t
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Box 5.4 Organising out ofPoverty: T
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should be designed, what tradeoffs
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flip side of forum
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Lessons may be drawn from knowledge
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Table 5.4 Skeleton Diagnostic Tool:
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of interests). Without the commitme
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Table 5.6 Empowerment Domain 1: Acc
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Box 5.6 Gold Rush in Mongolia: from
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eforms, per se, bu
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Table 5.10 LEP Implementation Strat
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need and the potential for<
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• Action planning: Development of
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Table 5.11 Pro-poor policy implemen
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4. Customize the choice of monitori
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of touch with the desires of the po
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munity empowerment, especially if t
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elevance to a particular area of in
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view the current state of practice
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Training (on leadership, group work
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of labour disputes: An internationa
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categories don’t interest us. But
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• Since 1996, Institute f
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Chapter 5 Endnotes1 The</st
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Chapter 5 BibliographyAbdul-Jalil,
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The Commis
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