Group Identity and Social Preferences

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Total # Average Allocation Average Allocation t-statistics for RelativeRound Tokens to Ingroup Match to Outgroup Match Paired Samples Difference1 200 137.5 62.5 11.9 37.50%2 250 173.0 77.0 13.1 38.40%3 300 198.3 101.7 10.0 32.20%4 350 239.0 111.0 11.8 36.57%5 400 266.2 133.8 10.3 33.10%Table 2: Average Token Allocations to Two Other Participants: Ingroup vs. Outgroup Match(one-tailed t-statistics for paired samples presented in the last column )Charity EnvyρσControl 0.427 -0.049(N = 536) (0.022)*** (0.025)**Outgrp Charity Outgrp Envy Ingrp Charity Ingrp Envy Identity Parametersρ o σ o ρ o (1 + a) σ o (1 + b) a bTreatment 0.323 -0.112 0.474 -0.008 0.467 -0.931(N = 1896) (0.021)*** (0.019)*** (0.018)*** (0.021) (0.112)*** (0.192)***Notes:1. The top panel reports estimates for the control sessions without identity, while the bottom panelreports estimates for treatment sessions with identity.2. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the individual level.3. Significant at: * 10% level; ** 5% level; *** 1% level.Table 3: Distribution Preferences: Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Player B Behavior34
Dependent Variables Prob(B rewards A) Prob(B punishes A)Control Treatment Control Treatment(1) (2) (3) (4)Ingroup match 0.189 -0.128(0.028)*** (0.027)***A’s loss by entering to help B 0.592 0.298(0.203)*** (0.129)**B’s cost to reward A -0.705 -0.341(0.209)*** (0.131)***Benefit to A if B rewards -0.245 -0.144(0.168) (0.105)How much B’s payoff is behind A’s -0.115 -0.072if B rewards (0.055)** (0.026)***Damage to B due to A’s entry 0.018 -0.001(0.018) (0.009)B’s cost to punish A -0.271 -0.317(0.076)*** (0.049)***Damage to A if B punishes 0.040 0.042(0.019)** (0.009)***How much B’s payoff is ahead of A’s -0.170 -0.104if B punishes (0.069)** (0.029)***Constant 0.290 0.081 -0.212 -0.052(0.320) (0.180) (0.101)** (0.054)Observations 156 550 250 874Pseudo R-square 0.154 0.073 0.130 0.191Notes:1. (1) and (2) include Resp 5a, Resp 1a, Resp 2a, Resp 3, Resp 4, Resp 8 and Resp 9.2. (3) and (4) include Resp 2b, Resp 10, Resp 11, Resp 1b, Resp 6, Resp 7, Resp 12, Resp 13a-d.3. Coefficients are probability derivatives.4. Non-index variables are measured in unit of 100 tokens.5. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the individual level.6. Significant at: * 10% level; ** 5% level; *** 1% level.Table 4: Logit Regression: Determinants of Reciprocity35
Page 1 and 2: Group Identity and Social Preferenc
Page 3 and 4: ehavior. Deviations from the prescr
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Page 7 and 8: In our study, the stage of other-ot
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Page 11 and 12: Support. In Table 2, column 5 prese
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Page 15 and 16: compared to outgroup matching, incr
Page 17 and 18: By Result 5, we reject Hypothesis 6
Page 19 and 20: induced identity, when matched with
Page 21 and 22: APPENDIX A. Sequential Games with S
Page 23 and 24: Based on your choices, you prefer t
Page 25 and 26: [New Screen]Please record your deci
Page 27 and 28: [New Screen, Game 1, Player A]In th
Page 29 and 30: [New Screen, Game 3, Player B]In th
Page 31 and 32: Appendix C. Post-Experiment Survey(
Page 33: Session # Treatment or Control Game
Page 37 and 38: Dependent Variable:Prob(B Choosing
Page 39 and 40: Tokens3503002502001501005000 1 2 3
Page 41 and 42: ReferencesAkerlof, George and Rache

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