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1/23/2011Consist of 4 cascade amplifier.Differential amplifier with ‘Double ended output’A v1 formed by Q 1 and Q 2 while Q 3 is used as‘constant-current’ terminal for supply ‘highcommon mode rejection’Q 3 is stable from temperature effect by 2 resistorsand 2 diodes.Differential amplifier with single ended output Output from differential amplifier Q 1 and Q 2will trigger both Q 4 and Q 5 Q 4 and Q 5 have emitter source.Single ended output from second pair (fromQ 5 ) will trigger output stage through Q 6 .16
1/23/2011Feedback resistance for stable the output voltagerefers to ground.Q 7 and Q 8 operation as phase splitter for givemaximum voltage oscillation (almost same assupply voltage for minimize output impedance)Transistor Q 8 will amplify the signal.TERM and DEFINITIONObjective:To explain the meaning of the term / terminology that often usedin operational amplifiers:1. Open loop gain2. Common mode gain3. Offset Voltage4. Offset Current5. Virtual Ground3417
Page 4: Neue Presse, Kronach
Page 10 and 11: 1/23/2011Double ended input, unbala
Page 12 and 13: 1/23/2011OP AMP INTERNAL BLOCK DIAG
Page 14 and 15: 1/23/2011High Gain Voltage Amplifie
Page 18 and 19: 1/23/2011Open Loop Gain(A OL )• A
Page 20 and 21: 1/23/2011Offset CurrentCaused by di
Page 22 and 23: 1/23/2011Comparison of Operational
Page 24 and 25: 1/23/2011INTRODUCTIONTimer 555 is v
Page 26 and 27: 1/23/2011Pin 4 : ResetUsed to reset
Page 28 and 29: 1/23/2011MONOSTABIL MULTIVIBRATORMO
Page 30 and 31: 1/23/2011At the same time, the outp
Page 32 and 33: 1/23/2011 This situation can be obs
Page 34 and 35: 1/23/2011ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATORExamp
Page 36: 1/23/2011a) State the functions of

Introduction

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