Urban Planning for City Leaders - Cities Alliance

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Urban planning for city leadersImplications of low-density patterns.As density decreases, per capita electricitydemand tends to increase. 13 For example,energy consumed for transport needs inan urban area with less than 25 p/ha maybe an annual average of 55,000 megajoules per person, but in an area with 100p/ha this figure would be about 300 percent less. 14 Other high costs associatedwith low-density urban spatial structuresare generated by traffic congestion, noisepollution and traffic-related accidents.A larger extent of urbanized land resultsin a loss of agricultural, recreational andnatural lands.Implications of high-density patterns.High-density helps to reach economies ofscale both in trunk infrastructure and intreatment plants such as those that treatsewage. The lower costs per householdcan be passed on to residents and thesmaller debt load helps to ensure fiscalstability. Higher density can enable acity to introduce district heating andcooling systems because they servicemore customers. 15 Also, as higher-densitybuilding development yields highertaxes 16 , such a pattern would enableservice investment capacity. As propertyvalues are generally greatest in highdensityareas, their contributions to publicrevenue through property taxes mayenable density to pay off the actual coststhat it generates. 17Low density pattern in Nouakchott, Mauritania© UN-HabitatHigh density in Hunchun city in China© UN-Habitat/Alessandro Scotti30
How to choose the urban pattern that can best serve your cityDensity and streetscapesAverage densityDensity in selected city areas0p/haParisNew York CityManhattanAtlantaLos AngelesAtlantaNorth East100Mexico CityCuauhtemocBarcelona200Los AngelesMidWilshireHong Kong300Sao PauloLeste400Sao PauloNew York CityMexico City>200 p/ha: walking and biking>90 p/ha: light rail viable>30 p/ha: bus servicesbus service viable
Page 3 and 4: Urban Planningfor City Leaders
Page 5: ContentsForeword ..................
Page 11 and 12: Nairobi CBD, Kenya © UN-Habitat/Ju
Page 13 and 14: Terms used in this bookstory buildi
Page 15 and 16: Terms used in this bookResilience i
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionPorto Alegre, Brazil ©
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Page 25 and 26: IntroductionCity leaders who see op
Page 27: IntroductionA city leader’s main
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How to address informalitySorsogon,
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How to address informalityCoordinat
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How to address informalityUpgrade e
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How to address informalityTable 4.1
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Resilience as a guide for cityexpan
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End Notes1. UN-Habitat (2003). The
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38. Nadkarni, N. (2008). Between Ea
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Who benefits from utility subsidies
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Cambridge: Lincoln Institute of Lan
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environmental design. Guidebook.Sin
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