Reforming the United Nations for Peace and Security

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Interrelatedness of security and economic issues in an interdependentworld, need for transparency and codes of conduct, and need for aninstitutional architecture that reflects the realities of the 21 st century andthat satisfies the longing for legitimacy: these are the key messages thatthe international community should receive and act upon if much greatersecurity and a much better globalization is to be achieved.54
Comments on the Report of the High-level Panel onThreats, Challenges, and ChangeMuchkund DubeyPresident, Council for Social DevelopmentIndiaThe Report of the UN Secretary-General’s High-level Panel on Threats,Challenges, and Change makes a useful contribution to the ongoingdebate on UN reforms. 40 It contains several interesting ideas and concretesuggestions that deserve to be discussed seriously with a view to arrivingat a consensus. This paper reviews the positive and negative features ofthe Panel report and concludes by offering an alternative set of proposals.POSITIVE FEATURESThe Panel has done a commendable job in identifying six main categoriesof threats to international peace and security and bringing out theirramifications. In particular, it makes very useful suggestions on how tomeet the threat of terrorism, emphasizing a broad-based approach thatincludes both coercive measures and measures to address root causes. Theagreement reached among the Panel members on the definition ofterrorism marks an important step forward, as it can facilitate theadoption by the General Assembly of a comprehensive convention onterrorism, which is sorely needed to combat the menace.The Panel has rightly questioned the legality of unilateral preventiveaction under Article 51, and has instead commended collective actionunder the UN Charter. The Panel’s observations that the Security Councilhas the authority to “address the full range of security threats with which40 A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility. Report of the High-level Panel on Threats,Challenges, and Change. New York: United Nations, 2004. Online athttp://www.un.org/secureworld/report2.pdf55
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Reformingthe United Nationsfor Peac
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ContentsWorkshop ParticipantsvAckno
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ParticipantsWorkshop on United Nati
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Michael ReismanMyres S. McDougal Pr
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OverviewErnesto ZedilloDirector, Ya
Page 15 and 16: The important decision to make Secu
Page 17 and 18: member of the Panel’s Secretariat
Page 19 and 20: the new permanent members with a cl
Page 21 and 22: A model for a Security Council with
Page 23 and 24: criteria are intended not just to l
Page 25 and 26: TERRORISMThe Panel report urges the
Page 27 and 28: Participants also questioned the va
Page 29 and 30: FINAL CONSIDERATIONSThe High-level
Page 31 and 32: Promoting Democracy through Interna
Page 33 and 34: law—can channel internal dissent
Page 35 and 36: Many others had differences with th
Page 37 and 38: THE BEST KEPT SECRET: THE COMMUNITY
Page 39 and 40: Unfortunately, the Seoul Conference
Page 41 and 42: The important point is that the abi
Page 43 and 44: government by the Group’s most po
Page 45 and 46: Ministerial Meeting, the Convening
Page 47 and 48: 2. Private foundations whose missio
Page 49 and 50: APPENDIX TO “PROMOTING DEMOCRACY
Page 51 and 52: The Report of the High-level Panel
Page 53 and 54: threats”. 28 So vulnerable indeed
Page 55 and 56: that the UN might be “facing a fo
Page 57 and 58: aw distributions of power and make
Page 59 and 60: Security Council. One of the Commis
Page 61 and 62: The second message of the report st
Page 63 and 64: vote of this member with veto power
Page 65: GOVERNANCE IN THE ECONOMIC DOMAINWh
Page 69 and 70: ecommendations would also have the
Page 71 and 72: PANEL RECOMMENDATIONS ON ECONOMIC A
Page 73 and 74: What is worse is that almost an exc
Page 75 and 76: The conceptual underpinning of the
Page 77 and 78: such an eventuality; and to assist
Page 79 and 80: But it compromises on its own presc
Page 81 and 82: The UN represents the highest level
Page 83 and 84: The European Union in the United Na
Page 85 and 86: In the UN, the European Common Fore
Page 87 and 88: egard to resolutions put to a vote
Page 89 and 90: The European Commission cautiously
Page 91 and 92: The Group of Eastern European State
Page 93 and 94: “respect … for international la
Page 95 and 96: political declarations, especially
Page 97 and 98: marginalization. If the Security Co
Page 99 and 100: growth, the success of the democrat
Page 101 and 102: Comments on the Report of the High-
Page 103 and 104: • Regarding ECOSOC, the report ob
Page 105 and 106: cause of international peace and se
Page 107 and 108: • The Panel flatly rejects the ar
Page 109 and 110: In Model A, six of the nine new sea
Page 111 and 112: The Model A version of the new SC w
Page 113 and 114: Increased legitimacy helps Council
Page 115 and 116: essence, the Panel is recommending
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put under one purview. There are si
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eviews of behavior in some area, be
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A More Secure World? A Critique of
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Recognizing the crisis of confidenc
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creation of an international commis
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The US commitment to the global rul
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The closest the UN came to executin
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them, as the Panel readily acknowle
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Though the Panel offers very little
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the concept of collective security
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Assembly. Hopefully that input will
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generally also asserted that, despi
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shortcomings, as putting ever more
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powerful pairing of arguments that
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elsewhere and/or earlier. As discus
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for radical reform from the Secreta
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At San Francisco, the major powers
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over process. The prevailing view,
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significant power in its region. Th
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consequential proposals in other ar
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Indeed, if the Council is expanded
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egard—whether measured individual
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arriers to external intervention in
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Council, permanent or elected, have
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Security Council Expansion: Can’t
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importantly the quite proper concer
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superpowers in those situations whe
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Democratic majority (itself virtual
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developed countries known as the G-
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widely, an effective body might rea
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any US action. In much of the world
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Some Thoughts—Mostly Cautionary
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Panel Report goes further, however,
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• If the state fails in the midst
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the proactive rescue measures to th
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• There is a need for early and c
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HIV/AIDS could focus sustained glob
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THE SECURITY COUNCILEnlargement of
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model will depend, as at present, p
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Brief Notes on the Report of the Hi
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speech at Oxford in 1993. Ten years
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Negotiation difficulties, however,
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consensus but they embody little in
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NEGOTIATING CHARTER REFORMFor the a
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asic willingness to commit to a sys
Page 207 and 208:
ecent Chapter VII resolutions have
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The Yale Center for the Study of Gl
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