Denmark - International Encyclopaedia of Laws

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Table of Contents§3. CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT 68I. Criminal Sanctions for Antitrust Violations 68A. Leniency 71B. Level of Fines in Denmark for Undertakings and Individuals 74II. Other Application of Criminal Law to Relevant Conduct 76III. Role of Prosecutors 76IV. Competent Criminal Courts 76Part II. The Application of the Prohibitions 77Chapter 1. Restrictive Agreements 77§1. INTRODUCTION 77§2. HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS 77I. Cartels 77A. Introduction 771. What Is a Cartel? 78B. Price Fixing 801. Bid Rigging 81C. Market/Client Allocation 82II. Information Exchange Practices 82A. Trade Associations 83III. Cooperation Agreements 87A. Research and Development 88B. Specialization 90C. Standardization 91D. Joint Production 91E. Joint Purchasing 93F. Joint Selling 94§3. VERTICAL AGREEMENTS 94I. Distribution 95A. Introduction 95B. The Prohibition against Resale Price Maintenance 96C. Level of Fines in Denmark and Fines for Individuals 99D. Exemptions from the Prohibition against Resale PriceMaintenance 1001. Books 1002. Newspapers and Magazines 1013. Exceptions by Law 102E. Exclusive Distributorship 1021. Exclusive Distribution and Customer Allocation 1032. Agency Agreements 1063. Internet Sales 1064. Exclusive Supply Obligations 108F. Exclusive Dealing 1098 – Denmark Competition Law – (February 2011)
Table of Contents1. Non-compete Clauses (‘Single Branding’)/ExclusivePurchasing 109G. Selective Distribution 1111. Introduction 1112. Resale of Motor Vehicles and Spare Parts 1123. Market Definition 1124. Relevant Markets for Spare Parts 1135. Relevant Markets for New Cars 1136. Other Relevant Markets 1147. The Danish Competition Authority’s SupplementaryGuidelines 1148. Parallel Imports 116H. Franchising 1181. Introduction 1182. Voluntary Chains 118II. Technology Licensing 119A. Patent Licensing 119B. Trademark Licensing 120C. Know-How and Trade Secret Licensing 1201. Vertical Exchanges of Information 121Chapter 2. Dominant Undertakings’ Prohibited Practices 122§1. ABUSE 122§2. EXPLOITATIVE PRACTICES 122I. Excessive/Unfair Pricing 122A. Determining Whether Prices Are Excessive 122B. Price Orders 123C. Other Aspects Connected to Excessive Prices 124II. Other Unfair Trading Conditions 124A. The Requirement to Provide a Guarantee/Advance Payments 125B. Unrestricted and Unannounced Access 125C. Threats of Termination/Annulment of Contracts 126D. Entrance Fees 126III. Discrimination 127§3. EXCLUSIONARY PRACTICES 130I. Rebates 130A. Legal Framework 130B. The Danish Approach 130C. The Legal Assessment 131D. Danish Cases 132E. Marketing Contributions 134II. Exclusivity 135III. Predation 136A. Proof of an Intention to Eliminate 136Competition Law – (February 2011)Denmark – 9
Page 1 and 2: DenmarkbyErik Bertelsen, Morten Kof
Page 3 and 4: The AuthorsThe authors and assistan
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsThe Authors 3List
Page 7: Table of Contents§4. OTHER PROHIBI
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Page 14 and 15: List of Abbreviations14 - Denmark C
Page 16 and 17: 5-9General Introductionpopulation (
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Page 25 and 26: Selected BibliographyDanish-languag
Page 27 and 28: 48-52Part I. The Structure of Antit
Page 29 and 30: Part I, Ch. 1, Sources of Antitrust
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Page 44 and 45: 135-142Part I, Ch. 3, Overview of S
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Page 48 and 49: 342-343Part II, Ch. 1, Restrictive
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IndexFinancial aid, 116Financial an
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Indexunilateral, 397, 401reciprocal
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