IASFRome_StatusReport - INAF-IASF-Roma

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IASF Roma - STATUS REPORTfor the Visiting CommitteeRef: IASF-RM-VC-001/07DATA: 19 November 2007Page: 18/134opto-mechanical tools and platform, high resolution FTIR for extended range from visible andmedium infrared, make possible to fulfill all of the required measurements supporting thecalibration, the interpretation of data acquired in flight and in support to mathematical modeling.As an example, the most recent setup under construction will be able in a short time to performdedicated measurements of the optical properties of gases in extreme conditions of highpressure and temperature and also for very elongated optical paths by using the cavity ringdown technique.2.1.1 Staff MembersDirigente di Ricerca: G.B. ValsecchiI° Researcher: F. Capaccioni, A. Carusi, P. Cerroni, G. Magni,Researchers:, M.T. Capria, M.C. De Sanctis, G. Filacchione, R. Orosei, G. PiccioniEngineers: M. ZambelliTechnicians: A. Boccaccini, A.M. SambucoCollaborators: A. Boattini, A. Cardesin, V. Cottini, G. D'Abramo, O. Lanciano, A. Migliorini,R. Politi2.2 Stars, Stellar Population and Interstellar MediumA proper understanding of our Universe requires the knowledge of the evolutionary properties ofthe stars. They are responsible, e.g., of the re-ionization at Z=5-6, of its chemical evolution,they can inhibit and/or trigger new star formation, they contribute to the dynamical evolution ofgalaxies and are a continuous source of neutrinos. Their dynamics reflects the average one oftheir host galaxy. The determination of their age, chemical composition, surface luminosity andradius provide precious information concerning the age of the Universe, the Big Bangnucleosynthesis, the first phases of chemical enrichment of the primordial gas, the distancescale, and hints about the formation and evolution of galaxies.With the directorship of Livio Gratton first and Vittorio Castellani later, the “Laboratorio diAstrofisica Spaziale in Frascati” became rapidly synonymous of “stellar evolution” and still themajority of italian theoreticians working in stellar modeling has scientifically grown in “Frascati”.Though in this last decade a number of people working in this field evaporated either becausethey won leading positions in other Institutions or because they retired, work on “stars” is stillvery active at IASF, both from the theoretical and observational sides. Very schematically themain activities may be sketched as follows:1) stellar modeling Massive Stars: hydrostatic evolution, explosion andnucleosynthesis(database of yields, extremely metal poor stars, radioactive nuclei)Intermediate Mass Stars: evolution and nucleosynthesis(S-process and light elements nucleosynthesis)Low Mass Stars: H and He burnings(GC: distance scale, formation; chemical composition; Sun andstars: equation of state,rotation)2) observations Infrared: Star formation(IMF in nearby dark clouds. Young stellar objects in giantmolecular clouds)Observation of very massive stars(early evolutionary phases of very massive stars)18
IASF Roma - STATUS REPORTfor the Visiting CommitteeRef: IASF-RM-VC-001/07DATA: 19 November 2007Page: 19/134LBV, WR, B[e](unstable/uncertain evolutionary phases of very massive stars) (γ-ray lines (INTEGRAL )(26Al, 60Fe and 44Ti)Wide field Astronomy(Design of active optics TRT telescope)3) data analysis Chromospheric activity in low MS stars(age, rotation and chromospheric activity correlations)Helio-and Asteroseismology(oscillation frequencies on the Sun, solar-type stars, and deltaScuti stars)Virtual Observatory(Inter-operability standards, ontologies, VOTECH)4) archeoastronomy Historical Astronomy(extracting data of astrophysical interest from pre-telescopicobservations)Astro-archaeology(support archaeologists in searching astronomical orientation ofmonuments)Archaeogeometry(extracting information of historical interest from the monumentgeometry)5) outreach Conferences in schools and guided visits to our instituteParticipation in public outreach events(meetings, exhibitions etc.)Publications for general public and schools(articles in newspapers and magazines, web page, production ofeducational material)More specifically the main projects currently ongoing at IASF are the following:Infrared and stellar formation: P. Persi, MarenziThe formation of low and high mass stars is studied by means of near and mid-infrared imagestaken at different ground-based telescopes (i.e., 6.5m Magellan at Las Campanas Observatory,VLT at ESO Paranal, 8m Gemini South, all of them in Chile; 2.1m telescope at San PedroMartir, Baja California, Mexico), and using data from space missions (ISO, Spitzer). Theanalysis of the initial mass function at the limit of the young brown dwarfs is being performedfor the southern hemisphere dark cloud complex in Chamaeleon. A mid-IR survey of molecularclouds containing methanol and water vapor masers has been obtained in order to study thevery early evolutionary stages of high mass protostellar objects. The spectral energydistribution obtained from near-IR to mm and sub-mm spectral range is compared to models ofyoung stellar objects with dusty circumstellar disks .The first stellar generation: A. ChieffiThe very short lifetime (few million years) of stars more massive than, say, 8 M O with respect tothe typical build-up timescale of galaxies (in the general framework of a hierarchical formationof these systems) allowed them to be the first polluters of the primordial medium. Hence themost Fe-poor stars (UMPs) still wandering around are very probably the fossils where traces ofthe yields produced by the primordial supernovae could be found. Hence a properunderstanding of the surface chemical composition of UMPs stars is very important to decipher19
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