Niels Barrett PhD.pdf - OpenAIR @ RGU - Robert Gordon University

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The rise of a Profession within a ProfessionContentsThe Development of the Architectural Technology Discipline within the Profession of Architecture7.1.3 The importance of the findings 2847.2 A CRITICAL STAGE 2877.3 THE THEORY OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY 2908 RESEARCH WITHIN ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY 2968.1 POTENTIAL RESEARCH AREAS 2978.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 301REFERENCES 305APPENDICES 318APPENDIX I – DANISH EDUCATIONAL DATA 1754-1950 31924 Data sheets 319Sum results of Weilbach data 331APPENDIX II – STUDY 1 – PRESENT EDUCATION DATA 332Average schedule – Danish technologists 332Average schedule – Danish architects 338Average schedule – British technologists 347Average schedule – British architects 354APPENDIX III – STUDY 2 – LEVEL OF PROFESSIONS 363Questionnaire 363Results 367APPENDIX IV – STUDY 3 – FOCUS GROUP INVITATIONS 369APPENDIX V – CONFERENCE PROGRAMME AND PRESENTATION COPENHAGEN2008 378Abstract 382What architecture is about? 383How the technical knowledge was involved traditionally 383The recent history 383Consequences for the educations 384How do we manage today? 384Comparison with other professional areas 384How are we using the technologists? 385The problems caused by specialisation 385Where could this lead to? 386Conclusion 387Bibliography 388APPENDIX VI – CONFERENCE PRESENTATION IN LONDON 2008 391Where does the AT profession derive from? 393How to define AT 394Historical sustainability 396The gap in the capability of the designing and planning offices and the needs of society 398Back to the historical role of AT – or continued chaos? 399Bibliography 4009
The rise of a Profession within a ProfessionContentsThe Development of the Architectural Technology Discipline within the Profession of ArchitectureList of figuresFigure 1-1: Squared timber rafters as still used in Denmark until 1960 .................... 44Figure 1-2: Traditional wooden main stair and the stair that replaced it ................... 45Figure 1-3: The situation caused by introduction of new materials ........................... 46Figure 1-4: Revolution within bricklaying ................................................................. 47Figure 1-5: Two kinds of workers .............................................................................. 47Figure 1-6: General Master Builder ........................................................................... 50Figure 1-7: Master Carpenter (master ........................................................................ 50Figure 1-8: Buildings by Boye Junge 1781 (Hartmann and Villadsen 1979) ............ 51Figure 1-9: Proposal for Frederikskirken by Laurids de Thurah 1754 (Faber 1977) . 51Figure 1-10: Medieval building organisation ............................................................. 56Figure 1-11: Renaissance building organisation ........................................................ 59Figure 1-12: Eighteenth and nineteenth century period organization ........................ 61Figure 1-13: Organisation for more noble ordinary buildings in nineteenth century 64Figure 1-14: Organisation for public buildings in nineteenth century ....................... 65Figure 1-15: Early twentieth century organization for high quality buildings........... 66Figure 1-16: Example of late twentieth century building organisations .................... 67Figure 1-17: A foreman, architect Martin Nyrop and a master builder 1903 ............ 75Figure 1-18: Sum sheet from Weilbach research ....................................................... 79Figure 1-19: School education of Danish architects 1754-1950 ................................ 80Figure 1-20: Further and higher education prior to the Academy 1754-1950 ........... 82Figure 1-21: Results from the architect school 1754-1950 ........................................ 83Figure 1-22: The vase of Edgar Rubin ..................................................................... 117Figure 1-23: The architectonic space versus the constructive space ........................ 118Figure 1-24: Expansiva building system 1970 by Jørn Utzon ................................. 119Figure 1-25: Occupation of Danish architectural technologists’ (December 2009) 126Figure 1-26: The historical development of surgery in Denmark ............................ 131Figure 1-27: The historical development of medicine in Denmark ......................... 131Figure 1-28: The historical development of architecture (AD) in Denmark ........... 132Figure 1-29: The historical development of AT in Denmark .................................. 132Figure 1-30: The historical development of AT in Britain ...................................... 133Figure 1-31: The development of AT from handicraft to technology ..................... 134Figure 1-32: Surgery from handicraft to science and technology ............................ 134Figure 1-33: Activities embedded in the handicrafts in the medieval period .......... 137Figure 1-34: The handicraft activity from renaissance to mid 20 th century ............. 138Figure 1-35: The handicraft activity area of today ................................................... 138Figure 2-1: Method diagram showing data collection content................................. 145Figure 2-2: The RIBA stage model .......................................................................... 156Figure 2-3: Diagram of whole study ........................................................................ 161Figure 3-1: List of relevant subjects in relation to the phase model ........................ 164Figure 3-2: Former RIBA phase model to be used for the questionnaire design ..... 166Figure 3-3: Graphic design of question 5 ................................................................. 166Figure 3-4: The initial part of the questionnaire ...................................................... 173Figure 3-5: Link to the questionnaire ....................................................................... 173Figure 3-6: Data from a Danish technologist ........................................................... 176Figure 3-7: Phase sum results from Danish technologists ....................................... 17710
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