Incinerators are some of the largest point sources for environmental release of dioxins in the USAand Canada, and of heavy metal contamination of the atmosphere. Copper, common in E-waste, is acatalyst for dioxin formation. This is of particular concern as the incineration of brominated flameretardants and PVC leads to the generation of extremely toxic dioxins and furans, and copper makestheir formation more likely.Upstream changesEnvironmentalists have tried to exert pressure on upstream manufacturers, i.e. those making the PCcomponents and circuit boards, to change their processes to reduce the level and quantity of toxicityin their products. However, without the support of the law and government, manufacturers cannot beforced to change and will continue to supply cheaper, more hazardous components.What can be done at <strong>Bedales</strong>?We can reduce the power consumed by switching equipment off when it is not required. The ITdepartment has created a program that automatically powers down IT equipment at night in placessuch as the Hub and the IT bookable room, and this is being rolled out more widely across the wholeschool. The program doesn’t shut down a PC if a user is logged in, and the benefits outweigh anyslight inconvenience of having to power up a PC after it has been shut down. These facts mightencourage you to turn your PC off when not in use: a PC left running 24 hours a day uses £59 worthof electricity over a 12-month period and results in the emission of 716 kg of carbon dioxide a year.The school has a responsibility to encourage practical recycling, and this is carried out by using theGreen Aid paper recycling boxes. The IT department recycles used toner cartridges by participatingwith ActionAid, and we encourage consumables like toner cartridges to be used up completely, notreplaced when simply running low. We also encourage users to consider reducing the mountain ofpaper we get through each term with responsible printing.Recycling or reusing IT equipment is also strongly encouraged in the school. Older equipment isreplaced and moved to a location or user that has a lower specification requirement or use. Printersare repaired and maintained long after their warranty period has expired. Even switches and otherolder network equipment are stored and could be used to build test networks or work as a temporarystand-in for existing equipment if it fails.What can be done elsewhere?Despite the US government not participating in the schemes that we have in Europe, American citizensand some corporations are very active in the recycling area. Large IT suppliers such as Dellhave instigated schemes to recover equipment from their customers and refurbish it for resale. Ifound a refurbished Pentium P4 computer for £75 from a Doncaster-based IT recycling company.Companies in the UK such as Computer Aid International have already shipped 65,000 PCs to 101countries, and of those 45,000 went to educational establishments.For domestic users it is always worth considering anupgrade first. The longer IT equipment stays out of landfillsites the better. There are many small computer shops that provideupgrade services, and should you want to buy new anyway,why not sell the old one on eBay? I have an old SinclairZX Spectrum, which I’ve just searched eBay for, and realise Icould get £20–£30 for it! The market for used computer equipmenton eBay was around two billion dollars in 2001.Naturally any pressure that can be applied to encourage other governments to sign up to and adhereto international agreements, conventions and restrictions will improve the fate of hundreds of thou-12
sands of people directly exposed to the hazards of disposing of IT equipment. The impact of the‘recycling’ in Asia on the environment in terms of air and soil pollution is difficult to quantify butmust be significant if China has banned imports!Is IT any good for the environment?Apart from the direct physical impact that IT has on the environment and despite the relatively largeamount of natural resources required to build PCs, it is worth delving into other more positive linksbetween IT and the environment.Advances in computing technology allow us to analyse environmental data with greater speed andaccuracy. Ever more accurate geographic and meteorological models allow us to predict weatherpatterns with greater accuracy and some day might bring us one of the holy grails of scientific modelling:the earthquake predictor.Computer-aided design and manufacture provide us with the tools required to build ever moreefficient engines; and research into fuels to replace our dwindling fossil fuel reserves might not befinished before the reserves run out were it not for computers. The increase in telecommuting andInternet messaging has a direct impact by reducing vehicle emissions.Michelle Dewberry, Sir Alan Sugar’s new Apprentice, is going to mastermind Xenon Green, SirAlan’s new environmentally friendly IT recycling company. Let’s hope the company is a runawaysuccess!Justin LatterIT Department13