Root Causes of African Underdevelopment
Root Causes of African Underdevelopment
Root Causes of African Underdevelopment
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Variable name Description SourceMalaria Ecology Malaria Ecology (ME) pop-weighted, Kiszewski et al. (2004)(ME i ) Sept 2003 version. This variableprovides an instrument for malaria riskthat controls for the fact that causationmay run not only from malaria toincome but also from income tomalaria. The basic formula for MEincludes temperature, speciesabundance, and vector type (the type<strong>of</strong> mosquito). The underlying index ismeasured on a highly disaggregatedsub-national level, and then isaveraged for the entire country.Because ME is built uponclimatological and vector conditionson a country-by-country basis, it isexogenous to public healthinterventions and economicconditions.Distance from the Mean distance to nearest coastline Centre for International Development,coast (DC i )CatholicismIslamLog <strong>of</strong> Trade Share in2000Legal Origin (British)Legal Origin (French)Total Years <strong>of</strong>Schooling in 2000Yellow Fever Risk in1996Average Dengue in1975 – 1995measured in kilometres.Identifies the percentage <strong>of</strong> population<strong>of</strong> each country being Catholic in1980.Identifies the percentage <strong>of</strong> population<strong>of</strong> each country being Muslim in 1980.Natural log <strong>of</strong> Trade share calculatedby taking log values <strong>of</strong> figure obtainedby dividing volume <strong>of</strong> trade with GDPLegal origin <strong>of</strong> the Company Law orCommercial Code <strong>of</strong> each country.The English Common Law dummy.Legal origin <strong>of</strong> the Company Law orCommercial Code <strong>of</strong> each country.The French Civil Law dummy.Average schooling years in the totalpopulation in 2000.Percentage <strong>of</strong> population living inareas with yellow fever (% countryarea), 1996; calculated in equal areacylindrical projection.Percentage <strong>of</strong> population living inareas with dengue fever (Percentagecountry area), 1975 to 1995.Calculated in equal-area cylindricalprojection. WHO. 1995. “Key Issuesin Dengue Vector Control Toward theOperationalization <strong>of</strong> a GlobalStrategy.” Geneva: WHO. Page 4.AIDS Number <strong>of</strong> AIDS incidents per100,000 people.Probability that two randomly selectedindividuals from a population belongsto different ethnic groups.EthnicFractionalisationGeography DatasetsLaPorta et al. (1999)LaPorta et al. (1999)WDI Online, The World Bank GroupLaPorta et al. (1999)LaPorta et al. (1999)Barro and Lee (2000)Centre for International Development,Geography Datasets, HarvardUniversityCentre for International Development,Geography Datasets, HarvardUniversityUnited Nations Statistics Division, 2001Alesina et al. (2003)30
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