Root Causes of African Underdevelopment

Variable name Description SourceLinguistic Probability that two randomly selectedAlesina et al. (2003)Fractionalisation individuals from a population belongsReligiousFractionalisationSWOPENto different language groups.Probability that two randomly selectedindividuals from a population belongsto different religious groups.The proportion of years that a countryis open to trade during 1965-90, by thecriteria defined by Sachs and Warner(1995).Alesina et al. (2003)Sachs and Warner (1995)Primary Export in Share of exports of primary products Sachs and Warner (1997)1970 in GNP in 1970.Mining Fraction of GDP in Mining Hall and Jones (1999)Gross Savings aspercentage of GDP⎛ S ⎞This is gross national savings as apercentage of GDP in 2001.WDI Online, The World Bank Group⎜ ⎟⎝Y⎠31