Software Engineering for Internet Applications - Student Community

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http://developer.apple.com/documentation/mac/HIGuidelines/HIGuidelines-2.html. Basically the messages are the following: (1) use colorsparingly, (2) make sure that a color-blind person can make full useof the application, and (3) avoid red because of its association withalert and danger.6.18 NavigationAs with page design the best strategy for navigation is to copy themost successful and therefore familiar-to-your-users Internetapplications. Best practice for a site home page circa 2003 seems toboil down to the following elements:1261. a navigation directory to the rest of the site2. news and events3. a single text input box for site-wide search4. a quick form targeting the most frequently requested serviceon the site, e.g., on an airline site a quick fare/schedulefinder with form inputs for cities and datesIn building the navigation directory look at www.yahoo.com. Note thatYahoo! does not use icons for category navigation. To get to thephotography category, underneath Arts & Humanities, you click onthe word "Photography". The information is the interface. Thisprinciple is articulated in Edward Tufte's classic Visual Explanations.Tufte notes that if you were to have icons you'd also need a textexplanation underneath. Why not let the text alone be the interface?Tufte also argues for broad and flat presentation of information; auser shouldn't have to click through eight screens each with only ahandful of choices.On interior pages it is important to answer the following questions:• Where am I?• Where have I been?• Where can I go?To answer "Where am I?" relative to other sites on the Internet, youcan include a logo graphic or font-distinguished site name in theupper left corner of each page, hyperlinked to the site home page.See the interior pages at amazon.com for how this works. To answer"Where am I?" relative to other pages on the same site, you caninclude a site map with the current page highlighted. On a complexsite this won't scale very well. Better to use the Yahoo-styleproblem of spam is greatly reduced in any community where contentmust be pre-approved before appearing to other members but suchcommunities require a larger staff of moderators if discussion is toflow freely.Scenario 1: Sarah Moneylover has registered as User #7812 andposted 50 article comments and discussion forum messages withlinks to her "natural Viagra" sales site. Sarah clicked around by handand pasted in a text string from a word processor open on herdesktop, investing about 20 minutes in her spamming activity. Theappropriate tool for dealing with Sarah is a set of efficientadministration pages. Here's how the clickstream would proceed:1. site administrator visits a "all content posted within the last30 days" link, resulting in page after page of stuff2. site administrator clicks a control up at the top to limit thedisplay to only content from newly registered users, who aretraditionally the most problematic, and that results in amanageable 5-screen listing3. site administrator reviews the content items, each presentedwith a summary headline at the top and the first 200 wordsof the body with a "more" hyperlink to view the completeitem and a hyperlinked author's name at the end4. site administrator clicks on the name "Sarah Moneylover"underneath a posting that is clearly off-topic and commercialspam; this brings up a page summarizing Sarah'sregistration on the server and all of her contributed content5. site administrator clicks the "nuke this user" link from SarahMoneylover and is presented with a "Do you really want todelete Sarah Moneylover, User #7812, and all of hercontributed content?"6. site administrator confirms the nuking and a big SQLtransaction is executed in which all rows related to SarahMoneylover are deleted from the RDBMS. Note that this isdifferent from a moderator marking content as "unapproved"and having that content remain in the database but notdisplayed on pages. The assumption is that commercialspam has no value and that Sarah is not going to beconverted into a productive member of the community. Infact the row in the users table associated with User #7812ought to be deleted as well.The site administrator, assuming he or she was already reviewing allnew content on the site, spent less than 30 seconds removingcontent that took the spammer 20 minutes to post, a ratio of 40:1. As223
features that are helpful? What features would you add if this wereyour service?What is it about a newspaper that makes it particularly tough for thatorganization to act as publisher of an online community?11.7.2 Exercise 9: amazon.comList the features of amazon.com that would seem to lead to moregraceful scaling of their online community. Explain how each featurehelps.11.7.3 Exercise 10: Scaling Plan for Your CommunityOpen a document at the abstract URL /doc/planning/YYYYMMDDscalingand start writing a scaling plan for your community. This planshould list those features that you expect to modify or add as the sitegrows. The features should be grouped by phases.Add a link to your new plan from /doc/ or a planning subindex page.11.7.4 Exercise 11: Implement Phase 1Implement Phase 1 of your scaling plan. This could be as simple asensuring that every time a user's name or email address appears onyour service, the text is an anchor to a page showing all of thatperson's contributions to the community (accountability). Or it couldbe as complex as complete geospatialization. It really depends onhow large a community your client expects to serve in the comingmonths.11.8 Spam-Proofing Public Online CommunitiesA public online community is one in which registration is acceptedfrom any IP address on the public Internet and one that servescontent back to the public Internet. In a private online community, forexample, a corporate knowledge sharing system that is behind acompany firewall and that only accepts members who areemployees, you don't have to worry too much about spam, wherespam in this case is defined as "Any content that is off-topic, violatesthe terms of use, is posted multiple times in multiple places, orotherwise is unhelpful to other community members trying to learn."Let's look at some concrete scenarios. Let's assume that we have apublic community in which user-contributed content goes liveimmediately, without having to be approved by a moderator. The222navigation bar, also known as "hierarchical path" or "bread crumbs".Forexample,http://dir.yahoo.com/Arts/Visual_Arts/Photography/Panoramic/contains the following navigation bar:Home > Arts > Visual Arts > Photography > PanoramicNote that this bar grows in size as O[log N] where N is the number ofpages on the site. Showing a full site map or top tabs results in lineargrowth.To answer "Where have I been?", start by not instructing the browserto change the standard link colors. The user will thus be cued by thebrowser for any links that have already been visited. If you're carefulwith your programming and consistent with your page titles the userwill be able to right click on the Back button and optionally return toany previous place on your service. Note further that the Yahoo-stylenavigation bar is effective at answering "Where have I been?" forusers who have actually clicked down from the home page.To answer "Where can I go?" you need ... links! Let the browserdefault to standard colors so that users will perceive the links aslinks. It is generally a bad idea to use rollovers, select boxes, orgraphics. These controls won't work the same from site to site andtherefore users may not understand how to use them. These controlsdon't turn have the property that visited links turn a different color;they generally can't or don't tap into the browser's history database.Finally these controls aren't effective at showing the user where he orshe can go because many of the choices are hidden.6.19 Exercise 5: CriticismTake or get a tour of the other projects being built by your classmatesin this course. For each project make sure that you familiarizeyourself with the overall service objectives and the data model. Thenregister as a user and author an article. (If you get stuck on any ofthese steps, contact the team members behind the project by phoneand email and ask them to add links or hints to their server.)Working with your project team members, write a plain text critique ofeach project that you review. Look for situations in which the client'srequirements, as expressed in the planning exercise solutions, can'tbe fulfilled with the data model that you see. Look for opportunities toprovide constructive criticism. Remember that your classmates don'tneed a self-esteem boost; they need the benefit of your engineeringskills.127
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