M<strong>in</strong>istry of EducationM<strong>in</strong>isterMowat BlockQueen's ParkToronto ON M7A 1 L2Telephone (416) 325-2600Facsimile (416) 325-2608M<strong>in</strong>istere de ('EducationM<strong>in</strong> sireEdifice MowatQueen's ParkToronto ON M7A 1L2Telephone (416) 325-2600Telecopieur (416) 325-2608June 8, 2010Mr. Brad SaundersChairSimcoe County <strong>District</strong> <strong>School</strong> <strong>Board</strong> 1170Highway 26Midhurst ON LOL 1 XODear Mr. Saunders,Thank you for your letter convey<strong>in</strong>g parents' concerns and the boards' deliberations regard<strong>in</strong>g wirelesscommunication technologies <strong>in</strong> your schools.As you note, the World Health Organization and Health Canada have both exam<strong>in</strong>ed the issues concern<strong>in</strong>g non-ioniz<strong>in</strong>gradiation from wireless communication devices, and concluded that the devices are safe. The m<strong>in</strong>istry is confidentthat these two organizations have the scientific, technical and public policy knowledge needed to make thisdeterm<strong>in</strong>ation.Health Canada's Safety Code 6 is based on the latest research available to the federal government. Shouldfuture research cause the federal government to amend the code, those changes would be reflected <strong>in</strong> what is done<strong>in</strong> Ontario schools.The m<strong>in</strong>istry cont<strong>in</strong>ues to work with schools, school boards and communities to address student safety. I appreciate thetime you have taken to share your concerns. Thank you aga<strong>in</strong> for writ<strong>in</strong>g.S<strong>in</strong>cerely,Leona DombrowskyM<strong>in</strong>ister of Education
<strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> and Health Outcomes: Evidence and ReviewAre there human health effects related to the use of wireless <strong>in</strong>ternet technology (Wi-Fi)?Dr. Ray Copes, Director of Environmental and Occupational Health, Ontario Agency for HealthProtection and PromotionDr. Lawrence Loh, community medic<strong>in</strong>e resident, Ontario Agency for Health Protection and PromotionBackground<strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternet technology (also known by its trademark name Wi-Fi) <strong>in</strong>itially was conceived <strong>in</strong> themid 1980s but only came <strong>in</strong>to widespread use <strong>in</strong> the mid-2000s, most notably as part of municipal free<strong>in</strong>ternetprojects 1 (e.g. Toronto Hydro OneZone 2 .) Today, wireless <strong>in</strong>ternet is ubiquitous <strong>in</strong> homes,hotels, airports, and public <strong>in</strong>stitutions such as schools, libraries and long-term care homes.Although Wi-Fi is a relatively new communication technology, use of the radiofrequency (RF) band forcommunications and other applications is not new and widespread public exposure to these frequencieshas occurred for decades. In addition to Wi-Fi, numerous other technologies also employ the RF band,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g cellular phones and their base tower <strong>in</strong>frastructure, conventional television and radio signals,home cordless phones, and microwave ovens. 3The RF band is a band of non-ioniz<strong>in</strong>g radiation that ranges from 3 kHz – 300,000 MHz1, 4, 5. The RF bandis part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with frequencies below those associated with visible light andX-rays and higher than those frequencies associated with power l<strong>in</strong>es. Unlike the much higherfrequencies associated with X-rays and ultraviolet radiation, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g sunlight, RF lacks sufficient energyto break chemical bonds.Of these technologies, the bulk of research <strong>in</strong> RF has been on cellular phones. Cellular phones have been<strong>in</strong> use longer than Wi-Fi and are associated with higher field strengths. Thus, when consider<strong>in</strong>g total RFexposure <strong>in</strong> terms of power density, duration, distance (from source) and frequency of exposure 6 , it isimportant to remember that Wi-Fi may represent only a small proportion of an <strong>in</strong>dividual’s overall RFexposure 3 .In most countries exposure limits for RF are set at the national level. Industry Canada regulates RF <strong>in</strong>Canada 7 . For protection of human health from adverse effects of RF exposure, they have adopted HealthOntario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion – 480 University Ave, Suite 300, Toronto ON M5G1V2 1