biogaspartner – a joint initiative.
biogaspartner – a joint initiative.
biogaspartner – a joint initiative.
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iogaspartner <strong>–</strong> a <strong>joint</strong> <strong>initiative</strong>.<br />
Biogas Grid Injection in Germany and Europe <strong>–</strong><br />
Market, Technology and Players.
Content.<br />
Content.<br />
Introduction...........................................................................................4<br />
Project:.<strong>biogaspartner</strong>.........................................................................6<br />
1.1.. Project.description..............................................................6<br />
1.2. The.partners.of.the.Biogas.Partnership.............................. 7<br />
Market.Development.in..Germany............................................. 8<br />
2.1.. Market.development...............................................................8<br />
2.2.. Project.examples.................................................................. 12<br />
2.3.. Political.framework.for.biogas.injection.in.Germany..... 20<br />
Market.Development.in.Europe.......................................................24<br />
3.1.. Market.development...........................................................24<br />
3.2.. Project.examples..................................................................29<br />
Value.Chain.of.Biomethane...........................................................32<br />
4.1.. Biomass.production.............................................................32<br />
4.2.. Logistics............................................................................32<br />
4.3.. Biogas.production................................................................33<br />
4.4.. Biogas.upgrade.....................................................................33<br />
4.5.. Grid.feed-in...........................................................................35<br />
4.6.. Sales.and.trade.................................................................... 36<br />
4.7.. Application.fields..................................................................37<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players........................................................38<br />
Abbreviations........................................................................... 69<br />
Glossary.................................................................................................70<br />
3
Introduction.<br />
There are many good reasons for biomethane.<br />
one of the most efficient ways of using biomass for energy production<br />
is the generation of biogas. Innovative technologies are<br />
available on the market, allowing biogas to be upgraded to natural<br />
gas quality <strong>–</strong> also called “biomethane” or “bio-natural gas”<br />
<strong>–</strong> and to be fed into the natural gas grid. This process enables the<br />
replacement of conventional natural gas in many areas, thus<br />
representing an important contribution to climate protection.<br />
Currently, about 30 plants feed biomethane into the natural<br />
gas grid in Germany. several other projects are currently being<br />
planned or constructed, with a clear growth trend.<br />
This brochure provides an overview on the various stages<br />
along the value chain of biomethane, from its production to its<br />
4 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
applications as well as on political parameters and the market<br />
development of biogas injection in Germany and Europe. The<br />
key virtues and versatility of biomethane are presented in brief<br />
in the following.<br />
Active.climate.protection..<br />
Biomethane extracted from biomass can replace fossil-based<br />
natural gas. It can in this way abate the emissions from greenhouse<br />
gases, and thus achieve an important contribution to<br />
a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy economy.<br />
natural energy sources like biomethane release only as much<br />
Co as is absorbed from the atmosphere by plants as they<br />
2<br />
mature. Thereby, the ideal circumstances for climate-neutral<br />
energy consumption become conceivable.<br />
Reduced.import.dependency.<br />
some 97 percent of Germany’s oil and over 80 percent of the<br />
country’s natural gas is imported. Biomethane, on the other<br />
hand, is created from indigenous, renewable resources and<br />
organic waste products. Legitimate prognoses project a sufficient<br />
amount of resources for biomethane to supply 10 percent<br />
of Germany’s demand for natural gas by 2030. These calculations<br />
take into consideration Germany’s overall energy goals<br />
for the future. This approach would allow the country to import<br />
less natural gas, and to significantly increase energy security<br />
simultaneously.
Regional.development..<br />
The production of biogas from regional resources creates jobs,<br />
especially in agriculture, supply logistics, engineering, and<br />
plant construction and maintenance. In particular, this allows<br />
local farmers to profit from resulting developments in related<br />
“non-food” sectors of local economic development. These sectors<br />
provide increased planning security and create an opportunity<br />
for alternative sources of revenue.<br />
Eco-friendliness.<br />
a variety of organic materials can be used in biogas plants<br />
exclusively, or in combination with others, without substantial<br />
technical alternation to the facility. Typically, crops commonly<br />
used for the generation of energy are processed together with<br />
biogenic waste, thus providing site-specific adaptability of the<br />
energy mixture used.<br />
Material.flow.at.local.level..<br />
Biogas plants are always located in close proximity to areas<br />
where biomass is cultivated. This circumvents the need for<br />
energy-intensive transportation of energy crops to the plant<br />
location, and minimises the cost of redistributing the byproduct<br />
throughout surrounding cropland. The byproduct can be used<br />
as a commercial fertiliser, thus reducing the costs associated<br />
with the regular purchase of manufactured fertiliser. The use of<br />
all biogas byproducts ensures the optimisation of the valueadded<br />
chain of this resource.<br />
Stabilisation.of.the.energy.system..<br />
The supply of biogas and biomethane can be maintained all<br />
year round. slurry, manure and organic waste resulting from<br />
food processing continue to accumulate. similarly, harvested<br />
biomass is stored in silos designed to be large enough to maintain<br />
the necessary supply of energy from biogas throughout the<br />
year. Thus, the production of biogas and biomethane makes an<br />
important contribution to a stable and reliable energy supply.<br />
The regularity of supply has the ability to balance the fluctuating<br />
electricity production originating from alternative renewable<br />
energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic.<br />
Versatility.of.application..<br />
Introduction.<br />
Biomethane is more flexible in its application than any other<br />
renewable source of energy. Its ability to be injected directly<br />
into the existing natural gas grid allows for energy-efficient and<br />
cost-effective transport. This allows gas grid operators to provide<br />
consumers with an easy transition to a renewable source<br />
of gas.<br />
The diverse, flexible spectrum of applications in the areas of<br />
electricity generation, heat provision, and mobility creates a<br />
broad base of potential customers. Biomethane can be used to<br />
generate electricity and heating in smaller decentralised, or<br />
large centrally-located combined heat and power plants. It can<br />
be used by heating systems with a highly efficient fuel value,<br />
and employed as a regenerative power source in gas-powered<br />
vehicles. The utilisation of biomethane as a source of energy<br />
thus is a crucial step toward a sustainable energy supply.<br />
5
Project:.<strong>biogaspartner</strong>.<br />
Project: <strong>biogaspartner</strong>.<br />
1.1.Project.description..<br />
In collaboration with industry partners spanning the entire<br />
value chain of biomethane, the Deutsche Energie-agentur<br />
GmbH (dena) <strong>–</strong> the German Energy agency <strong>–</strong> has developed the<br />
“<strong>biogaspartner</strong>” project. The aim of this project is to develop the<br />
leading platform for the injection of biogas into the natural gas<br />
network and the utilisation of injected biomethane. stakeholders<br />
along the whole supply chain are joining the project to support<br />
the development of the young market. dena’s role in the<br />
project is to act as a neutral facilitator and to provide a platform<br />
both for the acquisition and preparation of information and<br />
for its distribution both in Germany and abroad. The project’s<br />
market-oriented approach will supplement the efforts of the<br />
German government to establish the injection of biogas into the<br />
natural gas network as a fixed component of the future energy<br />
mix.<br />
The project started as a national <strong>initiative</strong> but by now also<br />
includes the international scope.<br />
Figure: Fields of activity of the Biogas Partnership.<br />
6 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Cooperation.creates.added.value.<br />
The injection of biogas into the gas grid offers added value at<br />
many levels: biomass provision, generation, processing, marketing,<br />
transportation, distribution and application in the electricity,<br />
heat and transport sectors. Both technical and economic<br />
optimisation exists at each of these stages in the value chain.<br />
Industry expertise is required to exploit this potential. Dynamic<br />
cooperation between the players will allow not only the state<br />
subsidy mechanisms to function better, but also boost investment<br />
and innovation. dena is therefore offering membership in<br />
the Biogas Partnership as a means of supporting this process.<br />
next to cooperation, acceptance and transparency are the main<br />
fields of acitivity of the Biogas Partnership. The project provides<br />
objectively prepared, valid information on economic, legal,<br />
technical and ecological questions related to the injection of<br />
biogas, making a significant contribution to objective discussion.<br />
The aim of the acceptance field is to communicate the<br />
desirability of the feed-in of biomethane to external stakeholders,<br />
especially in the light of the omnipresent discussions<br />
on the competition for use of crops and the impact of energy<br />
crop cultivation on nature and the environment.<br />
Political.parameters.<br />
The parameters for the injection of biogas in Germany will be<br />
defined as a result of the implementation of the government’s<br />
integrated energy and climate programme, whereby the target<br />
is to exploit a potential of 6 percent (60bn kWh) of today’s natural<br />
gas consumption by the year 2020 and 10 percent (100bn<br />
kWh) by 2030. This objective is defined in an amendment to the<br />
Gas network access ordinance, which came into full effect on<br />
april 12, 2008, and regulates the grid access for both suppliers<br />
and grid operators. This amendment represents a major step<br />
towards a positive market development.<br />
Biomethane can be used not only for standard heating applica-<br />
tions, but also for cogeneration, where the resulting energy is<br />
subsequently fed into the grid to profit from the feed-in tariffs<br />
under the renewable Energy sources act (EEG), and in natural
gas powered vehicles. a number of interesting business models<br />
can be developed to exploit the wide-ranging possibilities for its<br />
use. The market players involved have recognised this trend and<br />
are positioning themselves strategically in this new business<br />
segment.<br />
Targets.for.2020.<strong>–</strong>.a.prognosis.<br />
The goal of 6 billion cubic metres of biogas by 2020 requires the<br />
construction of roughly 1,000 big (700 m3 /h) or 2,000 mediumsized<br />
(350 m3 /h) biomethane plants, equalling about 120 plants<br />
per year. so, conservative estimates call for an investment of<br />
€10 <strong>–</strong>12 billion in plant technology. resource allocation requires<br />
that roughly 1.2 million hectares of cultivable land be made<br />
available for the development of biomass for biogas by 2020.<br />
1.2.The.partners.of.the.Biogas.Partnership.<br />
The development of the market for the upgrade and feed-in of<br />
biomethane calls for a cooperative collaboration of the market<br />
players along the value chain of biogas injection. The following<br />
companies and associations are cooperating in the project to<br />
<strong>joint</strong>ly face the challenges:<br />
abicon GmbH<br />
agri.capital GmbH<br />
arcanum Energy systems GmbH & Co. KG<br />
aufwind neue Energien GmbH<br />
BaLanCE vnG Bioenergie GmbH<br />
Biogasrat e.v.<br />
bmp greengas GmbH<br />
Böck silosysteme GmbH<br />
BDH - Federal Industrial association of Germany - House,<br />
Energy and Environmental Technology e.v.<br />
Bundesverband der Maschinenringe e.v.<br />
Bundesverband Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung e.v.<br />
cng services ltd<br />
Dalkia Energie service GmbH<br />
Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e.v.<br />
DvGW German Technical and scientific association for Gas<br />
and Water<br />
German Farmers’ association (DBv)<br />
Project:.<strong>biogaspartner</strong>.<br />
German Biomass research Center (DBFZ) gGmbH<br />
DZ Bank aG<br />
E.on Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
EnBW Gas GmbH<br />
Enovos Luxembourg s.a.<br />
EnviTec Biogas aG<br />
EPUron GmbH<br />
erdgas schwaben gmbh<br />
Evonik new Energies GmbH<br />
German Biogas association<br />
Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, safety and Energy<br />
Technology UMsICHT<br />
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy systems<br />
Technology IWEs<br />
GasaG Berliner Gaswerke aktiengesellschaft<br />
GrEEnFIELD Europe<br />
Haase Energietechnik aG<br />
juwi Bio GmbH<br />
KWs saat aG<br />
Landwärme GmbH<br />
MT-BioMethan GmbH<br />
n.v. nederlandse Gasunie<br />
naWaro BioEnergie aG<br />
ÖKoBiT GmbH<br />
PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH<br />
PrIMaGas GmbH<br />
Propan-Gesellschaft mbH<br />
ProTech Energiesysteme GmbH<br />
Law firm schnutenhaus & Kollegen<br />
rEs Projects GmbH<br />
rWE vertrieb aG<br />
Thüga Energie GmbH<br />
TÜv nord Cert GmbH<br />
TÜv sÜD Industrie service GmbH<br />
viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG<br />
volkswagen aktiengesellschaft<br />
WELtec BioPower GmbH<br />
Windwärts Energie GmbH<br />
7
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Market Development in Germany.<br />
2.1.Market.development.<br />
The German market for the feed-in of biomethane into the grid<br />
is still young. The first two biomethane plants were put into<br />
operation at the end of 2006. In 2007, five more plants were<br />
installed. around 30 plants were connected to the network by<br />
the end of 2009. By the end of 2010, more than 70 plants are<br />
expected to be feeding into the German gas grids with a total<br />
hourly feed-in capacity of 54,000 cubic meters of biomethane.<br />
With the plants which will presumably be installed by the end<br />
of 2010, almost 4.2 billion kilowatt hours of biomethane can be<br />
generated and fed-in. This amount suffices to cover the final<br />
energy demand for heating and hot water of 215,000 fourpeople-households<br />
with a yearly consumption of 20,000 kilo-<br />
Location Upgrade.Process Status Start.of.Operation Biomethane.<br />
Feed-in.<br />
Capacity.[m3 /h]<br />
Alteno Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 350<br />
Altenstadt/Hessen No Information Planned 2010 700<br />
Altenstadt/Schongau PWS Operating 2009 690<br />
Aiterhofen/Niederbayern PSA Operating 2009 1,000<br />
Angermünde/Schwanendorf PWS Planned 2009/2010 650<br />
Arneburg Amine Scrubbing Planned 2011 1,250<br />
Arnschwang PWS Construction 2010 690<br />
Barsikow No Information Planned 2010 480<br />
Bergheim/Paffendorf No Information Planned 2010 600<br />
Bergheim/Steinheim No Information Planned 2011 300<br />
Berlin-Ruhleben Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 490<br />
Blaufelden - Emmertsbühl PSA Construction 2010 220<br />
Bliestal No Information Planned 2012 350<br />
Borken / Hessen No Information On Hold 390<br />
Borken / Münsterland No Information Planned 2010 750<br />
Brunne PWS Planned 2009/2010 300<br />
Burgrieden (near Laupheim) PSA Operating 2008 300<br />
Darmstadt-Wixhausen PWS Operating 2008 148<br />
Dorsten PWS Construction 2011 1,300<br />
Drödennindorf Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 250<br />
Eggertshofen/Freising Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 220<br />
8 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
watt hours of natural gas each. applied as biofuel, 257,000 natural<br />
gas-dedicated vehicles with a mileage of 20,000 kilometers<br />
per year might be supplied with biomethane.<br />
The plants which have already been erected or are currently in<br />
the development or construction stage cover the entire Federal<br />
republic of Germany (Figure page 10). While Mecklenburg-<br />
Western Pomerania is leading in terms of feed-in capacity<br />
(due to the large plant Güstrow) the state of Bavaria currently<br />
exhibits the most stable growth in terms of the number of<br />
projects and is likely to keep this leading role also in the near<br />
future. a strong growth is furthermore expected for the states of<br />
Brandenburg and north rhine-Westphalia until 2012.
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Location Upgrade.Process Status Start.of.Operation Biomethane.<br />
Feed-in.<br />
Capacity.[m3 /h]<br />
Eich in Kallmünz PSA Planned 2010 600<br />
Einbeck Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 500<br />
Feldberg PSA Planned 2010 350<br />
Forchheim im Breisgau BiogasUpgrader Operating 2010 530<br />
Godenstedt Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 300<br />
Graben/Lechfeld PSA Operating 2008 500<br />
Grabsleben Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 350<br />
Gröden Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 250<br />
Guben No Information Planned 2010 750<br />
Güstrow PWS Operating 2009 5,000<br />
Güterglück PSA Operating 2009 650<br />
Hardegsen Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 500<br />
Heskem No Information Planned 2010 460<br />
Holleben II PWS Planned 2010 700<br />
Homburg/Efze PWS Operating 2010 350<br />
Horn - Bad Meinberg Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 1,000<br />
Industriepark Höchst No Information Planned 2011 1,000<br />
Jüterbog No Information Planned 2010 No Information<br />
Kerpen PSA Operating 2009 550<br />
Ketzin PSA Operating 2008 200<br />
Kleinlüder bei Fulda No Information Planned 2011 280<br />
Könnern 1 PWS Operating 2007 650<br />
Könnern 2 Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 1,500<br />
Lanken Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 700<br />
Lüchow PWS Operating 2009 650<br />
Maihingen PWS Operating 2008 560<br />
Merzig (Ballern) BiogasUpgrader Planned 2011 500<br />
Mühlacker PSA Operating 2007 500<br />
Neukammer 2 BiogasUpgrader Construction 2010 1,000<br />
Neuss am Niederrhein Amine Scrubbing Operating 2010 165<br />
Neu-Ullrichstein No Information Planned 2010 460<br />
Niederndodeleben No Information Operating 2009 650<br />
Oschatz PSA Construction 2011 700<br />
Pliening PSA Operating 2006 485<br />
Pohlsche Heide PSA Operating 2010 350<br />
Rathenow BiogasUpgrader Operating 2009 520<br />
Rhede Amine Scrubbing Operating 2010 500<br />
Ronnenberg BiogasUpgrader Operating 2008 300<br />
Schöpstal BiogasUpgrader Planned 2010 700<br />
Schornbusch-Euskirchen No Information Planned 2010 350<br />
Schwandorf II PSA Operating 2008 1,000<br />
Schwedt No Information Constrtuction 2010 6,000<br />
Semd PWS Construction 2010 210<br />
Straelen PSA Operating 2006 550<br />
Stresow DWW Planned 2010 650<br />
Tuningen Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 250<br />
Werlte PSA Operating 2007 340<br />
Willingshausen/Ransbach PWS Operating 2010 350<br />
Wittenburg No Information Planned 2009 350<br />
Wüsting No Information Operating 2009 700<br />
Wriezen PSA Construction 2010 650<br />
Zeven Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 125<br />
Zörbig No Information Construction 2010 6,000<br />
Zschornewitz Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 700<br />
Table: Projects for the upgrade and feed-in of biogas into the natural gas grid (Status: May 2010). A regularly updated overview can be found<br />
on www.<strong>biogaspartner</strong>.com.<br />
9
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Lanken, 2010<br />
Godenstedt, 2007 / 2009<br />
Zeven, 2009<br />
Drögennindorf, 2010<br />
Wüsting, 2009<br />
Werlte, 2007<br />
Lüchow, 2009<br />
Ronnenberg, 2008<br />
Pohlsche Heide, 2010<br />
Horn-Bad Meinberg, 2009<br />
Bergheim/Steinheim, 2011<br />
Rhede, 2010<br />
Borken/Münsterland, 2010<br />
Dorsten, 2010<br />
Einbeck, 2009<br />
Hardegsen, 2009<br />
Straelen, 2006<br />
Neuss am Niederrhein, 2010<br />
Kerpen, 2009<br />
Neu-Ullrichstein, 2010<br />
Heskem, 2010<br />
Schornbusch - Euskirchen, 2010<br />
Bergheim/Paffendorf, 2010<br />
Kleinlüder bei Fulda, 2011<br />
Altenstadt/Hessen, 2010<br />
Industriepark Höchst, 2011<br />
Darmstadt/Wixhausen, 2008<br />
Semd, 2010<br />
Blaufelden/Emmertsbühl, 2010<br />
Merzig (Ballern), 2011<br />
Bliestal 2012<br />
Mühlacker, 2007<br />
Burgrieden (bei Laupheim), 2008<br />
Forchheim im Breisgau, 2009<br />
Tunningen, 2009<br />
Altenstadt/Schongau, 2009<br />
Figure: Geographical distribution of biomethane plants in Germany and (expected) start of operation.<br />
10 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Düsseldorf<br />
Bremen<br />
Wiesbaden<br />
Mainz<br />
Saarbrücken<br />
Kiel<br />
Hamburg<br />
Hannover<br />
Stuttgart<br />
Erfurt<br />
Schwerin<br />
Berlin<br />
Magdeburg Potsdam<br />
München<br />
Dresden<br />
Güstrow, 2009<br />
Wittenburg, 2010<br />
Neukammer II, 2010<br />
Feldberg, 2010<br />
Schwedt, 2010<br />
Rathenow, 2009<br />
Barsikow, 2010<br />
Angermünde/Schwanendorf, 2010<br />
Arneburg 2011<br />
Berlin Ruhleben, 2010<br />
Stresow, 2010<br />
Wriezen, 2010<br />
Brunne, 2010<br />
Jüterborg, 2010<br />
Guben, 2010<br />
Ketzin, 2008<br />
Güterglück, 2009<br />
Alteno, 2010<br />
Zschornewitz 2010<br />
Zörbig 2010<br />
Holleben 2010<br />
Gröden, 2010<br />
Oschatz, 2011<br />
Könnern I, 2007<br />
Könnern II, 2009<br />
Schöpstal, 2010<br />
Niederndodeleben, 2009<br />
Grabsleben, 2010<br />
Homburg, 2010<br />
Willingshausen/Ransbach, 2010<br />
Schwandorf, 2008<br />
Arnschwang, 2010<br />
Maihingen, 2008<br />
Aiterhofen/Niederbayern, 2009<br />
Eich in Kallmünz, 2010<br />
Graben/Lechfeld, 2008<br />
Eggertshofen bei Freising 2010<br />
Pliening, 2006
Due to the diverse amendments to the legal framework in<br />
Germany (see page 20), a significant plant growth expansion is<br />
expected in the medium term.<br />
Three demand markets are relevant for the application of<br />
biomethane in Germany:<br />
Biomethane for power generation (in cogeneration mode)<br />
Biomethane for admixing products (in blends with natural<br />
gas)<br />
Biomethane for transport application as biofuel<br />
Biomethane.for.power.generation.in.cogeneration.<br />
In order to achieve the best-possible positive impact on the conservation<br />
of our climate, the legislation of the German Federal<br />
Government is aimed at the application of biogas fed-in for<br />
combined heat and power generation. The main instrument for<br />
this is the renewable Energy sources act (EEG), which explicitly<br />
includes power generation from fed-in biomethane and supports<br />
it by means of the technology bonus.<br />
In the medium term, the EEG market is viewed as the leading<br />
market for biomethane, since based on state-guaranteed tariffs,<br />
security and stability can be offered to private investors for 20<br />
years. a remaining risk factor is the development of substrate<br />
prices, which could not be compensated due to the fixed tariff<br />
system and might directly affect business revenues.<br />
Biomethane.as.admixing.product.<br />
Biomethane as an admixing product in combination with fossil<br />
natural gas is already offered by some gas suppliers in admixing<br />
quotas ranging from 5 to 20 percent. The latter quota is<br />
especially common in Baden-Württemberg, where customers<br />
thus can fulfill the requirements of the renewable Heat Law<br />
Baden-Württemberg. In contrast to the nationally effective<br />
EEWärmeG, which only calls for the utilisation of biomethane<br />
in exceptional cases, and only if used in a cogeneration process,<br />
the Heat Law of the state of Baden-Württemberg also allows the<br />
application in exclusive heat generation.<br />
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
other federal states are contemplating the implementation of<br />
similar regulations. Due to the existing infrastructure of the<br />
gas grid and the existing gas heating system, a sginificant Co2 reduction could thus be achieved in the short term.<br />
There is also a trend toward a growing demand in national bio-<br />
methane product sales. similar to “green power” offers in the<br />
power sector, German private end customers increasingly show<br />
a readiness to pay an eco premium for biomethane admixing<br />
products. various city works and nationwide gas supply companies<br />
have developed and implemented such products.<br />
Biomethane.application.as.biofuel.<br />
as a substitute to natural gas, biomethane can be used to fuel<br />
natural gas-dedicated vehicles. By means of gas grid feed-in,<br />
it can be distributed to the German gas station network and<br />
substitute fossil fuels.<br />
Compared to other biofuels, even those of the second genera-<br />
tion like biomass-to-liquid (BtL), biomethane is a highly effec-<br />
tive biofuel with a high specific cropland yield. Therefore, from<br />
an economic and technological point of view, it is one of the<br />
most promising alternatives to sustainably apply biomass in the<br />
vehicle sector. However, the demand in this sector is very much<br />
dependent on the development of the natural gas-dedicated<br />
vehicle market. Currently, there are about 90,000 natural gas<br />
vehicles in Germany. so for the application of biomethane, the<br />
biofuel market is merely a niche market under the current conditions.<br />
Due to the changes in the biofuel quota regulation from<br />
june 2009, however, a new impetus for this sales market is to be<br />
expected: biomethane can now be counted in context with the<br />
biofuel quota goals of the German Federal Government.<br />
11
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
2.2.Project.examples.<br />
Bergheim-Paffendorf<br />
Country Germany<br />
State North Rhine-Westphalia<br />
Location Bergheim/Paffendorf<br />
Start of Operation 2010<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
600 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 46 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process No information<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas L<br />
Pressure Level No information<br />
Raw Material 45,000 t maize and silage (rye, barley)<br />
Investment approx. €10 million<br />
The rWE Innogy plant in Bergheim/Passendorf, near Cologne,<br />
will feed biomethane into the natural gas grid at a rate of 600<br />
normal cubic meters per hour. Within a year of its opening, it<br />
will feed 46 million kWh of biogas energy into the grid. The<br />
plant’s feedstocks will be corn silage and cereal plants. rWE<br />
Innogy also plans to use other substrates, e.g. liquid manure or<br />
sugar beet.<br />
Local farms will provide the 45,000 tons of feedstock plants<br />
required by the facility each year. The total investment volume<br />
in the plant is 10 million Euros.<br />
The project is currently under development. Construction<br />
started in 2009, and operation should begin by the course of<br />
2010. a similar facility is currently being built in Güterglück in<br />
Eastern Germany.<br />
12 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Darmstadt-Wixhausen<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Hesse<br />
Location Darmstadt-Wixhausen<br />
Start of Operation April 2008<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
148 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 12 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 16 bar<br />
Raw Material 12,550 t renewable raw materials<br />
Investment approx. €3.5 million<br />
In april 2008, Hesse’s first biogas facility has begun operating.<br />
The €3.5 million installation in Darmstadt-Wixhausen upgrades<br />
about 300 m3 of biogas to natural gas quality per hour. It processes<br />
and injects about 2.5 million m3 of biogas into the natural<br />
gas grid per year <strong>–</strong> enough to supply about 650 one-family<br />
households with biomethane.<br />
Biogas.upgrade.plant.in.Darmstadt-Wixhausen.<br />
The engineering supporting this Hessian pilot project is the<br />
work of biogas firm ÖKoBiT GmbH. The plant’s upgrading unit<br />
employs a high pressure washer. The plant’s dimensioning and<br />
feed-in mechanisms were tailored to the realities (dense population<br />
and limited arable land) of the surrounding area. as a result<br />
of this innovative effort, high plant outputs are possible despite<br />
relatively low feedstock loads.<br />
Each year, farmers from the region provide the biogas plant<br />
with 12,550 tons of renewable plant resources <strong>–</strong> in particular<br />
corn stover, rye pellets and liquid manure. These resources<br />
generate raw biogas for the installation at an output of 200 m3 per ton.
Feldberg<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania<br />
Location Dolgen, Feldberger Seenlandschaft<br />
Start of Operation 2010<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
350 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 30 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 4 bar<br />
Raw Material Liquid pig manure, maize silage<br />
Investment €2.5 million (extension financing)<br />
situated close to Lake Dolgen in the south of Mecklenburg-<br />
Western Pomerania, the Feldberg biogas plant consists of two<br />
separated plants, which were installed in 2003 and 2007. as one<br />
of the first plants operating on renewable primary products,<br />
Feldberg will be rebuilt for gas upgrading and feed-in by 2010.<br />
Pig manure generated in the operator’s pig breeding facility<br />
is an important component of the substrate mix. In addition,<br />
corn silage from surrounding agricultural areas is added. The<br />
gas upgrading is to be carried out by a pressure swing adsorption<br />
technology. To a small degree, local power generation is<br />
to be maintained in order to guarantee the future heat supply<br />
of the biogas plant as well as of the agricultural operation. The<br />
biomethane is sold to gas supply companies as well as to cogeneration<br />
plant operators.<br />
The project is realised by Landwärme GmbH.<br />
Graben/Lechfeld<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Bavaria<br />
Location Graben/Lechfeld<br />
Start of Operation 2008<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
500 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 42 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 4 bar<br />
Raw Material Maize silage 28,000 t/a, grass silage<br />
5,000 t/a, corn 2,000 t/a<br />
The biogas facility and the biogas processing plant in Graben/<br />
Lechfeld were launched in May 2008. The facility processes<br />
approx. 1,000 m3 of raw biogas to natural gas quality and feeds<br />
per year some 42 million kWh into the grid of erdgas schwaben<br />
gmbh.<br />
The biogas production is conducted by a company which in-<br />
cludes some 60 farmers from the region. The silage is collected<br />
by lorry from the local silos and delivered to the biogas facility.<br />
The facility itself does not have a silo.<br />
at a defined location, the biogas producer sells the raw biogas<br />
to erdgas schwaben gmbh, who installed and operates the biogas<br />
processing plant. Psa technology was used for processing.<br />
The biogas has, after processing, a heating value of approx. 10.6<br />
kWh/m3 and pressure of approx. 4 bar. The biogas is fed into the<br />
local gas grid. Feeding into the natural gas grid does not require<br />
additional pressure increases. The heating value must be raised<br />
by mixing with liquefied gas.<br />
The exhaust gas from the Psa facility has a methane content<br />
of approx. 4 vol. percent and is combusted in a downstream<br />
weak gas burner. The thus generated heat is used to heat the<br />
fermenter.<br />
13
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Güstrow<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania<br />
Location Güstrow<br />
Start of Operation 2009<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
5,000 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 460 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 25 bar<br />
Raw Material Renewable raw material<br />
Investment approx. €80 million<br />
about 40 kilometers south of rostock, developers built Germany’s<br />
currently largest biogas feed-in project. The Güstrow site<br />
produces 10,000 cubic meters of biogas per hour. renewable<br />
resources serve as the plant’s primary input, and about 8,000<br />
hectares of arable land are required to meet its annual needs.<br />
The facility feeds about 5,000 normal cubic meters of upgraded<br />
biogas into the gas grid each hour. The main purchaser is the<br />
vnG aG.<br />
When fed into the natural gas grid, the biomethane produced<br />
at the cogenerating Güstrow facility can supply Germany with<br />
about 160 million kWh of power and 180 million kWh of heat<br />
each year. The biomass remaining in the byproducts of the<br />
fermented feedstocks is pressed and concentrated in a sophisticated<br />
filter unit to become liquid fertilizer, which in turn is used<br />
in the local agriculture.<br />
Waste heat generated at the facility is used in the biogas<br />
upgrader, the fermenter, the liquid manure sanitiser, and,<br />
naturally, the fermentation byproduct dryer. all remaining<br />
fermentation byproducts are concentrated into liquid fertilizer<br />
and sold on the market.<br />
14 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Hardegsen<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Lower Saxony<br />
Location Hardegsen<br />
Start of Operation 2009<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
500 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 40 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Amine wash<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 16 bar<br />
Raw Material 50,000 t crops and corn<br />
Investment approx. €11 million<br />
In april 2009, a biogas production and upgrading facility began<br />
operating in Hardegsen, southern Lower saxony. The plant<br />
upgrades 42 million kWh of raw biogas to natural gas quality,<br />
and feeds this upgraded gas into the existing natural gas grid,<br />
over a 15-year period. The upgrading and feed-in provides a<br />
regional energy supplier, which buys raw biogas directly from<br />
the operater of the biogas-plant. Cogenerating power facilities<br />
make use of the fed-in biogas.<br />
Financial shares in the project, which are to be taken up by the<br />
rural district of northeim, the city of Hardegsen, the district<br />
farm association, and the area machine consortium, are<br />
allocated by the firm directing the project, Biokraft Hardegsen<br />
GmbH. The resource inputs required by the facility <strong>–</strong> about<br />
50,000 tons of grain and corn silage, to give a high estimate <strong>–</strong><br />
are supplied by more than 40 different farms in the region.
Könnern.I<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Saxony-Anhalt<br />
Location Könnern<br />
Start of Operation 2007<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
650 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 42 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 16 bar<br />
Raw Material 35,000 t corn silage + 15,000 t liquid<br />
manure + 1,500 t crop<br />
Investment approx. €9.5 million<br />
The biogas upgrading facility is located at Könnern near Halle.<br />
The installation, which went into operation on December 12,<br />
2007, processes 51,500 tons of raw feedstock each year, of which<br />
35,000 tons are corn silage, 15,000 tons liquid manure, and<br />
1,500 tons corn. Trucks and farm vehicles deliver the plant’s<br />
fermentation feedstocks. In total, the plant will process and feed<br />
42 million kWh of biomethane into the natural gas grid. The<br />
plant’s fermentation residues serve as liquid fertilizer.<br />
agri.capital GmbH is the facility’s operator. EnviTec Biogas aG<br />
provided engineering services for the plant, which uses a Pres-<br />
surized Water scrubbing upgrading unit.<br />
In order to raise the biomethane’s heat value <strong>–</strong> from 10.5 kWh<br />
per normal cubic meter (nm3 ) to 11.45 kWh/nm3 , the value<br />
required for feed-in to the natural gas H (high gas) grid, plant<br />
operators mix liquid gas into the biomethane.<br />
The upgraded biomethane is fed into the natural gas grid<br />
roughly 200 meters from the facility. It is sold on the market<br />
to cogeneration facility operators, private homeowners, and<br />
methane tank filling stations.<br />
Könnern.II<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Saxony-Anhalt<br />
Location Könnern<br />
Start of Operation 2009<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
1,500 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 160 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Amine Scrubbing<br />
Produced Gas Quality Erdgas H<br />
Pressure Level 16 bar<br />
Raw Material 135,000 t renewable primary sources,<br />
40,000 t manure<br />
Investment €35 million<br />
The substratum in the Könnern II plant consists exclusively of<br />
renewable primary sources according to the definition provided<br />
by the renewable Energy sources act. The actual substratum<br />
may vary throughout the year due to price changes. The key<br />
substance, however, is maize silage, secured in long-lasting supply<br />
contracts with local farmers.<br />
There is an ensilage storage on site for all of the substratum.<br />
The production of the entire feedstock is carried out by farmers<br />
in the near vicinity. Inconveniences for neighbors are thus<br />
reduced to the short time span of the harvest.<br />
The biogas production consists of 4 modules with 4 fermenters<br />
at 3,040 m3 volume each. Gas upgrade is facilitated with an<br />
amine scrubbing with a maximum capacity of 3,333 nm3 raw<br />
gas. The upgrading degree reaches 98 percent at minimum<br />
methane loss. Project development was supervised by WELtec<br />
BioPower GmbH.<br />
100 percent of the biomethane produced is fed into the natural<br />
gas grid of MITGas and is marketed by E.on ruhrgas aG in the<br />
heat sector, at natural gas stations as well as in CHP plants.<br />
15
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Maihingen<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Swabia<br />
Location Maihingen<br />
Start of Operation 2008<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
560 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 50 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 10 bar<br />
Raw Material Maize silage 25,000 t/a, clover-grass<br />
7,000 t/a, grass 4,000 t/a, corn full<br />
plant silage 7,000 t/a<br />
The first development level of the biogas facility in Maihingen<br />
was achieved in 1999. The performance of the facility is approx.<br />
237 m3 /h. In 2004, the facility was expanded by another fermenter<br />
with a performance of 375 m3 /h. The final expansion of<br />
the biogas generation plant was in 2008 with a fermenter which<br />
generates approx. 500 m3 /h of raw biogas. The biogas generation<br />
facility is operated by local farmers.<br />
Maihingen.processing.plant..<br />
erdgas schwaben gmbh installed and operates the processing<br />
and feeding plant. Water scrubbing was used for processing.<br />
The natural biogas leaves the water scrubber at a pressure of<br />
approx. 6 bar and a heating value of 10.7 kWh/m3 . The heating<br />
value needs to be raised with liquefied gas. For feeding into the<br />
natural gas grid, a 4 km gas pipeline had to be laid from the<br />
processing plant to the feeding-in point. The natural biogas is<br />
fed into a gas grid (DP 10). The operating pressure in the gas grid<br />
is approx. 6 bar. no compressor is required at the location of the<br />
processing plant; only in the summer months does part of the<br />
natural biogas need to be fed into the upstream grid (DP 67.5)<br />
via a compressor station.<br />
The waste gas from the water scrubber contains remains of<br />
methane and hydrogen sulphide. They are reprocessed with<br />
thermal oxidation.<br />
16 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Pliening<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Bavaria<br />
Location Pliening<br />
Start of Operation 2006<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
485 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity approx. 42 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 17<strong>–</strong>40 bar<br />
Raw Material approx. 40,000 t/a maize and fullplant<br />
silage, catch crops<br />
Investment approx. €10 million<br />
The Pliening project won a special award at the “Biogas partnership<br />
of 2008” awards for its pioneer work: It was the first<br />
facility in Germany in December 2006 where the feeding-in of<br />
bio methane in the natural gas grid was implemented.<br />
only renewable raw materials from local farms are used<br />
in Pliening. The energy plants are grown on agricultural areas<br />
within a distance of approx. 10 km from the facility.The on-site<br />
project partner of aufwind schmack is Maschinenring Ebersberg/<br />
München ost e. v. which has designed a suitable harvest<br />
and logistics concept. This partner is responsible for the organisation<br />
of raw material procurement as well as conducting the<br />
harvest and ferment residue removal.<br />
The biogas technology is by the company schmack Biogas aG<br />
with three main fermenters with a size of 1,000 m 3 and three<br />
downstream fermenters of 2,700 m 3 each. The raw biogas<br />
processing of the CarboTech company based on pressure swing<br />
adsorption generates from 920 nm3 /h of raw biogas to 485<br />
nm3 /h of biomethane with a methane content of more than<br />
96 percent. The main part of the gas is fed into the natural gas<br />
grid of sWM stadtwerke München.<br />
The marketing of the biomethane gas is carried out via a trade<br />
platform. Buyers and users of the biomethane are, amongst<br />
others, combined heat and power plants of E.on Bayern Wärme<br />
GmbH.
Rathenow<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Brandenburg<br />
Location Rathenow-Heidefeld<br />
Start of Operation 2009<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
520 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 44 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process BiogasUpgrader<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 8<strong>–</strong>9 bar (PN 16 bar)<br />
Raw Material 40,000 t corn and crop silage<br />
Investment approx. €9 million<br />
The rathenow installation is the first project in the greater<br />
Berlin area. It is the first of fifteen biogas grid feed-in projects<br />
now being planned for construction by GasaG Berlin Gas<br />
Corporation and its daughter company, Brandenburg natural<br />
Gas GmbH, for the period between now and 2015.<br />
The plant’s projected annual biomethane production <strong>–</strong><br />
44 mil lion kWh <strong>–</strong> will require the input of 40,000 tons of<br />
feed stock each year. These feedstocks will likely include rye and<br />
corn silage and cereal grains, as well as liquid cow and pig<br />
manure. an expected 1,000 hectares of cultivated land will be<br />
necessary for the production of these energy crops.<br />
The total cost of the facility amounts to about 9 million Euros.<br />
The upgrading plant is built by HaasE Energietechnik aG.<br />
Beginning in 2009, the plant is feeding biomethane into the<br />
regional EMB (Erdgas Mark Brandenburg) grid. according to<br />
current projections, it will also deliver 23 million kWh of<br />
biomethane to GasaG’s thirteen natural gas tank filling<br />
stations <strong>–</strong> the equivalent of about one-third of these stations’<br />
72 million kWh in annual output. other biomethane users will<br />
include city power plant operators, who plan to burn the<br />
biomethane in their cogeneration units, and private customers<br />
interested in using this new environmentally friendly gas<br />
product.<br />
Ronnenberg<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Lower Saxony<br />
Location Ronnenberg<br />
Start of Operation 2008<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
350 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity approx. 28 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process BiogasUpgrader<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas L<br />
Pressure Level 2 bar<br />
Raw Material approx. 22,000 t/a of maize silage,<br />
wheat<br />
Investment approx. €4.5 million<br />
Five farmers from the area of ronnenberg <strong>joint</strong>ly established<br />
Biogas ronnenberg GmbH & Co. KG, in short “Biro”. The farmers<br />
all have made equal contribution of 20% to the investment<br />
costs and substrate supply. The facility runs on maize silage. as<br />
an addition, grain of wheat and maize are fed-in.<br />
The biogas facility was made by the manufacturer MT-Energie<br />
GmbH. It consists of two fermenters with a diameter of 26 m, a<br />
downstream fermenter and end storage with a diameter of 30 m<br />
each. all containers are 7 m high and fitted with a gas storage<br />
ceiling. Usually approx. 60t of maize silage and currently an<br />
additional 2t of wheat are fed into two solid matter entries per<br />
day. The biogas facility generates up to 650 m3 of raw biogas per<br />
hour with a methane content of approx. 52 percent. Biro sells<br />
the raw biogas at a defined interface to stadtwerke Hannover<br />
aG. The upgrade technology is provided by Haase Energietechnik<br />
aG.<br />
The biomethane is fed into the natural gas grid of enercity<br />
netzgesellschaft (enG) in ronnenberg (0.8 bar) via connection<br />
line (2 bar) of approx. 2.5 km in length. From here it is transported<br />
to CHP locations in the city limits of Hanover, where it is converted<br />
to power and heat at heat customers. Until sufficient CHP<br />
purchase capacity has been developed, part of the biomethane<br />
will be sold in the market.<br />
The ronnenberg project won the “Biogas partnership of 2008”<br />
award.<br />
17
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Altenstadt/Schongau<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Bavaria<br />
Location Altenstadt/Schongau<br />
Start of Operation 2009<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
690 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity 66 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 4 bar<br />
Raw Material 33.000 t/a organic waste<br />
The altenstadt / schongau project won the „Biogas partnership<br />
of the Year“ award presented by the German Energy agency in<br />
2009.<br />
Raw.material.production.and.logistics..<br />
The altenstadt biogas plant started operation in 2001. In the<br />
beginning, the plant produced 700 m3 /h raw biogas, which was<br />
used on site to cogenerate heat and power. In 2009, biogas production<br />
was expanded to about 1,100 m3 /h. The CHP plant on site<br />
was put out of service, the biogas was upgraded to natural gas<br />
quality and fed into the gas grid. 33,000 t of organic waste are<br />
turned into biogas in the plant each year, such as expired food,<br />
cheese and dairy residues, slaughterhouse and organic waste.<br />
Waste is provided by a local company as well as by trucks owned<br />
by biogas producer Öko-Power GmbH & Co. Biogas KG, which<br />
are used to transport the raw material to the plant.<br />
Facility.and.technical.data...<br />
The biogas plant is supplied with the raw material via a feed<br />
hopper. Before being fed into the fermenter, they go through a<br />
water desinfection process, in which process-harmful bacteria<br />
are killed. The raw material is processed in 8 fermenters wth an<br />
overall capacity of 7,700 m3 biogas. Wet fermentation is applied<br />
to produce biogas. The raw material remains in the fermenters<br />
for ca. 50 days. Before being forwarded into the upgrade<br />
plant, the nH -concentration is reduced using a scrubber. The<br />
3<br />
upgrading process is based on pressurised water scrubbing.<br />
The Co -separation results in 690 m 2 3 /h biomethane with a CH - 4<br />
concentration of 98 percent and a calorific value of about 10,8<br />
kWh/m3 . Before being fed into the gas grid, the calorific value is<br />
raised to 11,1 kWh/m3 .<br />
18 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Biomethane.use.and.marketing.<br />
all of the biogas produced is fed into the distribution grid of<br />
schwaben netz gmbh. a calorific value boiler operated with<br />
biomethane generates heat necessary for the fermenter heating.<br />
a natural gas station was erected on the biogas plant site to<br />
supply company vehicles with biomethane. since biogas based<br />
on organic waste can be offered at comparatively low prices,<br />
it is applicable not only for cogeneration of heat and power<br />
utilisation, but also for heating purposes. erdgas schwaben<br />
offers two products: Bio 100 and Bio 20. Heat customers thus<br />
can be provided with 100 percent or 20 percent climate-friendly<br />
biomethane. erdgas schwaben uses biomethane for her own<br />
heat demand coverage. all CHP plants run by erdgas schwaben<br />
are also supplied with biomethane.<br />
The.cooperation.model.of.the.project.partners.<br />
The biogas plant was erected and is operated by ÖkoPower<br />
GmbH. raw material supply is ensured on a contractory basis.<br />
a biogas supply contract between ÖkoPower GmbH and erdgas<br />
schwaben was set up for 12 years. erdgas schwaben’s rofessional<br />
service staff is responsible for the operation of the upgrade<br />
plant. The marketing branch of erdgas schwaben is in charge of<br />
the biomethane marketing.<br />
Involvement.of.external.stakeholders..<br />
since 2001, ÖkoPowerGmbH operated the altenstadt biogas<br />
plant with an on-site gas utilisation in a CHP plant. The generated<br />
heat was mostly dissipated via a cooler and was thus not<br />
used. During the planning phase for the biogas production expansion,<br />
this was also one aspect of great consideration. since<br />
there was no potential local heat customer available, the upgrade<br />
and feed-in of the biomethane quickly presented itself as<br />
the most attractive and sensible solution. It was easy to establish<br />
contact between ÖkoPower GmbH and erdgas schwaben, since<br />
the latter is already operating two other biomethane projects<br />
with considerable media coverage. Together, the partners presented<br />
their concept to the mayor and the district administrator.<br />
The plan was received well by the community and met with<br />
great support and approval.
Schwandorf<br />
Country Germany<br />
State Bavaria<br />
Location Schwandorf <strong>–</strong> Bayernwerk Industrial<br />
Estate<br />
Start of Operation 2008<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
1,060 Nm 3 /h<br />
Feed-in Capacity approx. 100 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption<br />
Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H<br />
Pressure Level 16 bar<br />
Raw Material approx. 80,000 t/a of maize, grass<br />
and full-plant silage (e.g. rye, barley,<br />
millet, rye grass)<br />
Investment €18 million<br />
The schwandorf project won a special award at the “Biogas partnership<br />
of 2008” awards. The facility at that point in time was<br />
the largest in Germany with a feed-in capacity of 1,000 m3 /h.<br />
Raw.material.production.and.logistics.<br />
only renewable raw materials are used at the schwandorf<br />
biogas facility. Due to the long-standing fruit sequence concept,<br />
biodiversity is increased. The catch crops also have agricultural<br />
benefits, e.g. the humus creation is promoted, infestation with<br />
pests limited and nitrous oxide emissions avoided. The use of<br />
grass provides agriculture with a lucrative source of income.<br />
The use of liquids, such as water or liquid manure, is not neces-<br />
sary. This has the benefit that no additional transport is required<br />
to the facility, which means that less fermentation material<br />
is stored which ultimately needs to be removed. The biomass<br />
is grown all around the location in the Bayernwerk Industrial<br />
Estate by approx. 180 farmers who have joined forces in a supply<br />
association. schmack Biogas aG advises the farmers and suppliers<br />
as regards agriculture, sowing and plant selection. The<br />
harvest is carried out by regional subcontractors, while the logistics<br />
is coordinated by employees of schmack Biogas aG. The<br />
fermentation residue is transported as high-quality fertiliser<br />
both in solid and liquid form via external service providers to<br />
the suppliers’ land. Thus, a closed nutrition cycle can be created<br />
and costs for mineral fertiliser saved.<br />
Biomethane.use.and.marketing.<br />
100 percent of the biomethane is fed into the natural gas grid of<br />
E.on Bayern. The use is then conducted in local block heating<br />
stations of E.on, which also takes care of marketing the heat in<br />
the relevant heat sinks. For the future, the plan is to use the fedin<br />
biogas in the heat market and petrol stations as biofuel.<br />
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
The.cooperation.model.of.the.project.partners.<br />
The following project partners are involved in the schwandorf<br />
project:<br />
The project development was carried out by schmack<br />
Energie Holding GmbH.<br />
The raw material provision is ensured by approx. 180<br />
farmers. They have joined forces in a supply association and<br />
thus form a bundled project partner.<br />
schmack Biogas GmbH is responsible for raw material<br />
management, the creation of planning and approval documents,<br />
the facility construction and facility operation.<br />
E.on is the investor, gas buyer, gas grid operator and<br />
marketer of the natural biogas.<br />
Involvement.of.external.stakeholders.<br />
The Bayernwerk Industrial Estate has a long tradition as an<br />
energy location. Initially, power was generated here from coal<br />
until the end of the 1990s. When profitability was no longer<br />
ensured, the coal power plant was closed and thus the foundations<br />
laid for an energy supply with renewable energies. also, a<br />
natural gas pipeline runs right past the Industrial Estate.<br />
The schwandorf site also offers good agricultural conditions.<br />
The structure in the regional agriculture has changed greatly<br />
in recent years: many farms are only being operated as a second<br />
source of income or have been given up entirely. so there was<br />
a big interest from many landowners to have an alternative<br />
option for their land by growing energy plants. The interested<br />
farmers set up a supply association in order to ensure a consistent<br />
and unified approach to investor and facility operator.<br />
Communication with the authorities, unions and the public was<br />
promoted intensively before, during and also in standard operation.<br />
as regards the press and public relations, various information<br />
events, tours and interviews were organised.<br />
Other.aspects.<br />
The schwandorf project represents good interplay between<br />
energy supplier, facility installation and operation as well as<br />
agriculture. The parties involved have managed to switch from<br />
fossil to renewable energies and secure, and even create, new<br />
jobs.<br />
19
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
2.3.Political.framework.for.biogas.injection.in.Germany.<br />
In context with the implementation of the Integrated Energy<br />
and Climate Programme of august 23, 2007 by the German<br />
Federal Government, the general conditions for biogas<br />
upgrade and feed-in were reviewed and amended. In the Gas<br />
network access ordinance, effective from april 12, 2008, in<br />
article 41 a) the target has been defined: By 2020, 60 billion kWh<br />
biomethane are to be fed into the gas grid each year, and by<br />
2030 100 billion kWh biomethane each year.<br />
since upgraded and fed-in biomethane is currently not on a<br />
competetive basis with natural gas, politics employ various<br />
measures and support schemes to develop demand in the<br />
markets. next to its application in the heat market, biomethane<br />
is also used for combined heat and power as well as in natural<br />
gas-dedicated vehicles.<br />
Due to the diverse stages along the value chain and different<br />
processes, many diverse regulations are employed to promote<br />
the injection of biogas in Germany. The most important ones<br />
are highlighted in the following chapter.<br />
Biomass.Ordinance.(BiomasseV).<br />
Effective since 2001, the Biomass ordinance directs the application<br />
of the renewable Energy sources act (EEG )and sets<br />
guidelines on which materials are biomass, which technologies<br />
for power generation from biomass are within the scope of application<br />
of the EEG, and which environment requirements are<br />
to be obeyed when generating power from biomass.<br />
Biomasses, according to the biomass regulation, are energy<br />
sources from phyto- and zoo-mass. This also includes secondary<br />
and by-products, residues and waste whose energy content is<br />
made up of phyto- and zoo-mass.<br />
20 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
The definition of biomass in Paragraph 2 (3) nr. 5 also includes<br />
biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation. not included in<br />
biomasses, however, is biogas which has been produced from<br />
the following material (according to Paragraph 3 nr. 3, 7, 9):<br />
mixed settlement waste from private households<br />
mud and sediments, animal by-products according to<br />
article 2 paragraph. 1, (a) of the regulation, i. e. no. 1774/2002<br />
by the EU Parliament and the Council of october 3, 2002<br />
with hygiene regulations for byproducts not meant for human<br />
consumption.<br />
next to the application of biomass according to this regulation,<br />
the renewable Energy sources act also allows the utilisation of<br />
other biomasses. For the portion of power generated from other<br />
biomasses, however, no state-guaranteed feed-in tariffs can be<br />
claimed. The portion of this other biomass used must be proven<br />
with the help of a charge material diary produced by the plant<br />
operator.<br />
Renewable.Energy.Sources.Act.(EEG).<br />
The renewable Energy sources act first became effective on<br />
april 1, 2000. In 2004, it was amended for the first time. on june<br />
6, 2008, the German Federal Parliament decided the second<br />
amendment of the EEG, which became effective in january<br />
2009.<br />
The main purposes of the EEG are the protection of our climate,<br />
a sustainable energy supply, a minimisation of the economic<br />
costs of energy supply, the protection of fossil resources and the<br />
further development of renewable power generation technologies.<br />
In this context, the percentage of renewable energies in<br />
power supplies is to be raised to 30 percent by 2020. To achieve<br />
this goal, the EEG gives plants generating power from renewable<br />
energy sources priority to the public power grids. also, it<br />
regulates preferred sales and transmission as well as a guaranteed<br />
feed-in tariff. The feed-in tariff depends on the technology.<br />
next to biomass (biogas), hydropower, wind power and solar<br />
power as well as disposal, sewage and mine gas are supported.
The tariffs are guaranteed from the beginning of the year in<br />
which operations start and for the following 20 years according<br />
to a fixed rate. Plants which start operation later are subject to<br />
fewer tariffs each year according to a certain percentage rate<br />
(so-called degression). In the case of biogas, this amounts to 1<br />
percent. Degression is supposed to encourage plant producers<br />
to pass on to the customer any cost advantages due to technological<br />
innovations.<br />
Biogas feed-in is supported by the EEG in the following way: Gas<br />
taken from the grid is to be referred to as biomass if the amount<br />
of this gas is the heat equivalent of the amount of biogas which<br />
has been fed into the grid in a different place. The quantities<br />
do not have to be balanced continuously at each given point<br />
of time, but rather only at the end of each calendar year. The<br />
power produced from this gas taken from the grid is then compensated<br />
for by the EEG. Thus, biomethane can efficiently be<br />
used in cogeneration plants, which are operated in places with<br />
a significant heat demand.<br />
regarding the feed-in of biogas, the EEG 2009 includes the fol-<br />
lowing changes in comparison with the EEG 2004:<br />
Base Tariff.<br />
Increase for old and new plants in the capacity class up to<br />
150 kW by 1 ct/kWh to 11.67 ct/kWh<br />
el<br />
Bonus for the Use of Cultivated Biomass.<br />
In the class up to 500 kW, the bonus is raised from 6 to<br />
7 ct/kWh independent from the start of operation year.<br />
at a capacity of up to 5 MW the bonus for the use of cultivated<br />
biomass remains at 4 ct/kWh.<br />
Landscape Conservation Bonus.<br />
The bonus for the use of cultivated biomass is raised by<br />
another 2 ct/kWh, if mainly residues or plant particles from<br />
landscape conservation are used in the power generation<br />
(certificate by an environmental expert necessary).<br />
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Manure Bonus.<br />
For power generated in plants which use gas taken from the<br />
gas grid, no liquid manure bonus can be claimed.<br />
Technology Bonus.<br />
2 ct/kWh up to a maximum gas conditioning capacity of<br />
350 nm3 conditioned raw gas per hour (at a plant capacity of<br />
5 MW maximum)<br />
1 ct/kWh up to a maximum gas conditioning capacity of<br />
700 nm3 conditioned raw gas per hour (at a plant capacity of<br />
5 MW maximum)<br />
For old plants also applying cogeneration (start of operation<br />
between april 2, 2004 and December 31, 2008), the technology<br />
bonus remains at 2 ct/kWh up to 20 MW.<br />
Cogeneration of Heat and Power Bonus.<br />
The CHP Bonus is increased from 2 to 3 ct/kWh at a plant<br />
capacity of 20 MW.<br />
In order to receive the technology bonus, methane emissions<br />
into the atmosphere during the conditioning process must not<br />
exceed 0.5 percent and the power demand of the conditioning<br />
plant must be under 0.5 kWh/nm3 raw biogas. another precondition<br />
is that the heat demand of conditioning and biogas<br />
plants is to be covered by heat from renewable energies, mine<br />
gas or lost heat from conditioning or feed-in plant, without the<br />
further application of fossil energy.<br />
21
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
Renewable.Energies.Heat.Act.(EEWärmeG)..<br />
next to the new EEG, the renewable Energies Heat act (EE-<br />
WärmeG) also became effective on january 1, 2009. according<br />
to this law, 14 percent of the German heat demand (final energy)<br />
is to be produced from renewable energy sources.<br />
Crucial elements of the law are:<br />
obligatory utilisation<br />
Financial promotion<br />
specific promotion of heating networks<br />
Buildings erected after january 1, 2009 are obliged to employ<br />
renewable energies for their heat supply. This obligation applies<br />
to all owners (private, state, economy). Exempted are buildings<br />
for which a building application or building listing has been issued<br />
before january 1, 2009. all forms of renewable energies can<br />
be used, also in combinations. When using biogas, the obligation<br />
is generally met if 30 percent of the heat energy demand of<br />
the respective house is covered by it. The biogas is to be used in a<br />
cogeneration plant in this context. In the case of the utilisation<br />
of gas taken from the gas grid, special requirements are binding<br />
regarding the conditioning and feeding-in. Methane emissions<br />
and power consumption must be abated “according to the<br />
best available technology”. In case of methane emissions this is<br />
usually accepted if the gas quality requirements of the Gas Grid<br />
Entry regulation (GasnZv) according to § 41f are met. The process<br />
heat needed for conditioning and feed-in must furthermore<br />
be produced from lost heat or renewable energy sources.<br />
22 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Gas.Network.Access.Ordinance.(GasNZV).<br />
1. Preferred Network Access.<br />
according to § 41c of the Gas network access ordinance (German:<br />
Gasnetzzugangsverordnung, GasnZv), grid operators on<br />
all pressure levels are obliged to grant preferred grid access to<br />
plants which have put in a request. The grid access costs are split<br />
equally between the grid operator and the biomethane supplier.<br />
according to §41b GasnZv, the grid access consists of the<br />
connecting pipeline (up to 10 km), the gas pressure metering<br />
plant, the compressor and the calibrated measurement plant.<br />
The grid operator is the owner of the grid access and covers the<br />
costs of maintenance and operation.<br />
2. Preferred Network Entry.<br />
according to § 41d, 1 GasnZv, grid operators are to grant preference<br />
to biomethane transport clients when it comes to concluding<br />
entry and exit contracts, as long as these gases are compatible<br />
with the grid.<br />
The feed-in of biogas cannot, according to § 41d, 2 GasnZv, be<br />
denied by the grid operator under the premise of an existing<br />
capacity shortage. at the same time, the grid operator is obliged<br />
to take all necessary and economically sensible measures to<br />
ensure and optimise the admittance capacity.<br />
3. Extended Accounting Balance.<br />
For biogas transport clients, the GasnZv provides special regulations<br />
varying from part 7 in § 41e GasnZv on the extended<br />
accounting balance in biogas accounting. Especially in the<br />
summer months, there is usually a distinct difference between<br />
the biogas fed in and the biogas discharged. In order to balance<br />
the account, the transport client is categorised into an account-
ing grid. This is implemented with a so-called balance account.<br />
While for natural gas transport clients, the grid operator is<br />
obliged to offer the free of charge opportunity to balance within<br />
hourly tolerance boundaries of +/<strong>–</strong> 10 percent, he is, in the case<br />
of biomethane, obliged to offer a flexibility of up to 25 percent.<br />
This flexibility applies to the specific biogas accounting time<br />
span of 12 months. Within this accounting time span, the flexibility<br />
is applied to the accumulated difference of the quantity<br />
fed in and the quantity discharged. The balancing of the quantities<br />
is as exact as the algebraic sign to achieve the intended<br />
support of the feed-in of biogas. For the use of the flexibility<br />
actually applied, a fixed sum of 0.1 cent /kWh is to be paid to the<br />
grid operator.<br />
Market.Incentive.Program..<br />
The Market Incentive Program is one of the German Federal<br />
Government’s central devices to support the production of heat<br />
with renewable energies. The 8th guideline reformation was<br />
ratified in 2008. The overall support volume amounts to €400<br />
million. The guidelines also provide for the support of biogas<br />
conditioning plants and biogas pipelines for unconditioned<br />
biogas (micro gas grids). The support cannot be combined with<br />
other public means of support and terminates on December<br />
31st, 2010.<br />
Plants up to a capacity of 350 nm 3 /h of upgraded biogas are<br />
entitled to a grant of up to 30 percent of the investment costs.<br />
Biogas pipelines for unconditioned biogas (at least 300 metres<br />
air-line distance) can be supported, including the gas compressor,<br />
the gas drying unit and the condensation funnels if<br />
the biogas transported is applied in a cogeneration process or<br />
conditioning to reach natural gas quality. The grant amounts to<br />
30 percent of the supportable net investment costs.<br />
Market.Development.in.Germany..<br />
“DVGW”-Worksheets.<br />
The worksheets published by the German Technical and<br />
scientific association for Gas and Water (German: DvGW)<br />
provide the overall requirements for gases in the public supply<br />
grids. The basic guideline for the quality of gas from renewable<br />
sources is DvGW worksheet G 262. If the gas is to be fed into<br />
the public gas grid, it needs to meet the regulations of DvGW<br />
worksheet G 260. The biomethane supplier is responsible for the<br />
warranty of the gas compositions stated in the worksheets. The<br />
GasnZv refers to worksheets G 260 and G 262.<br />
Biofuel.Quota.Ordinance.(Biokraft.QuG).<br />
The Biofuel Quota ordinance was first implemented by the German<br />
Federal Government in october 26, 2006. Its purpose is the<br />
implementation and regulation of a biofuel admixing quota in<br />
vehicle petrol and diesel. on january 1, 2007, it introduced, for<br />
the first time, a minimum quota. at first, biomethane could not<br />
be added to the fulfillment of this quota. In the amendment of<br />
june 18, 2009, however, biomethane was explicitly added to this<br />
list of compatible biofuels as a substitute for bioethanol.<br />
Biofuel.Sustainability.Ordiance.(Biokraft-NachV)...<br />
The Biofuel sustainability ordinance was implemented on<br />
september 30th, 2009. Together with its sister act regarding<br />
the sustainable production of liquid biofuels for electricity, the<br />
ordinance answers the demands of the EU directive. It ensures<br />
that in the course of bofuel production such as biomethane,<br />
binding eceological and social sustainability criteria are met.<br />
The ordinance also ensures that only sustainable biomass may<br />
be financially supported or be counted towards renewable<br />
energy targets.<br />
23
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Market Development in Europe.<br />
24 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
3.1.Market.development.<br />
The upgrade and feed-in of biomethane into the natural gas<br />
grid is currently not subject to a consistent European standard.<br />
The parameters and basic conditions, however, are phrased in<br />
Directive 2003/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the<br />
European Council of 26 june 2003 concerning common rules<br />
for the internal market in natural gas and repealing Directive<br />
98/30/EC.<br />
In Chapter 1 of this Directive, biogas and gas from biomass are<br />
explicitly included in the scope of the regulation. In Paragraph<br />
24 of the Preamble, the European Parliament and the European<br />
Council declare the following:<br />
“Member States should ensure that, taking into account the<br />
necessary quality requirements, biogas and gas from biomass or<br />
other types of gas are granted non-discriminatory access to the<br />
gas system, provided such access is permanently compatible with<br />
the relevant technical rules and safety standards. These rules and<br />
standards should ensure that these gases can technically and<br />
safely be injected into and transported through the natural gas<br />
system and should also address the chemical characteristics of<br />
these gases.”<br />
as of now, not all European countries have implemented regu-<br />
lations on the upgrade and feed-in of biogas. some European<br />
countries can nonetheless look back on decades of experience<br />
and know-how on the injection of biogas into the natural gas<br />
networks. next to Germany, the injection of biogas is subject<br />
to political regulations and in part also to subsidies in austria,<br />
France, Luxembourg, Poland, sweden, switzerland and the<br />
netherlands.<br />
Biomethane.feed-in.projects.in.Europe.<br />
The table below provides an overview on project sites all over<br />
Europe where a feeding of biomethane into the natural gas grid<br />
is in operation or planned. This list is not exhaustive but represents<br />
the information available to dena.
Country Location Upgrade.Process Status Start.of.<br />
Operation<br />
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Biomethane.<br />
feed-in.capacity.<br />
[m 3 /h]<br />
Austria Bruck an der Leitha Membrane Technology Operating 2007 100<br />
Austria Engerwitzdorf Aminwäsche Planned 2010 125<br />
Austria Pucking PSA Operating 2005 6<br />
Austria Schwaighofen bei Eugendorf<br />
No Information Operating 2008 18<br />
Austria Wiener Neustadt No Information Planned 2010 120<br />
France Lille Marquette PWS Construction 2010 55<br />
France Lille PWS Operating 2007 660<br />
Luxembourg Kielen PWS Construction 2010 310<br />
Luxembourg Mondercange Amine Scrubbing Construction 2010 180<br />
Netherlands Beverwijk Membrane Technology Operating 2007 80<br />
Netherlands Collendoorn Membrane Technology Operating 1991 200<br />
Netherlands Mijdrecht Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 38<br />
Netherlands Nuenen PSA Operating 1990 825<br />
Netherlands Tilburg PWS Operating 1987 1150<br />
Netherlands Wjister PSA Operating 1989 630<br />
Sweden Göteborg Chemical Wash Operating 2006 880<br />
Sweden Helsingborg PSA Operating 2002 190<br />
Sweden Laholm Organic Wash Operating 2001 225<br />
Switzerland Bachenbülach PSA Out of Order 1996 110<br />
Switzerland Emmen PSA Operating 2005 41<br />
Switzerland Inwil No Information Operating 2009 130<br />
Switzerland Jona PSA Out of Order 2005 30<br />
Switzerland Meilen Amine Scrubbing Operating 2008 65<br />
Switzerland Pratteln Chemical Wash Operating 2006 165<br />
Switzerland Samstagern PSA Operating 1998 28<br />
Switzerland Volketswil Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 150<br />
Table: Biomethane grid injection projects (Status: May 2010). For a regularly updated overview please refer to our English website<br />
www.<strong>biogaspartner</strong>.com.<br />
25
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Figure: Application of upgrading technology in Europe.<br />
26 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Pressure Swing Adsorption 20<br />
Pressurized Water Scrubbing 14<br />
Chemical Water Scrubbing 10<br />
Membrane 3<br />
Others 6<br />
While the German market for the upgrade and feed-in of biogas<br />
is relatively young, the technologies for this special gas application<br />
have been in use already for decades in other European<br />
countries. according to recent research by the Fraunhofer<br />
Institute for Wind Energy and Energy system Technology, more<br />
than 90 biomethane plants ore operating all over Europe. out<br />
of these, according to the information available to the German<br />
Energy agency, 53 feed biogas upgraded to local natural gas<br />
quality into the grid by mid 2010.<br />
Technology.for.the.upgrade.of.biogas.<br />
regarding the total number of projects realized so far, pressure<br />
swing adsorption and pressurized water scrubbing technologies<br />
are dominating the European market [see figure]. In<br />
full-scale applications, physical adsorption technologies (with<br />
organic dissolvers) so far have been installed only in Germany<br />
and switzerland. Chemical adsorption technologies (with<br />
organic dissolvers) have been applied only in Germany, sweden<br />
and switzerland. Membrane applications so far have been used<br />
only in austria and the netherlands.
Lille, 2007 / Lille Marquette, 2010<br />
Kielen, 2010<br />
Mondercange, 2010<br />
Pratteln, 2006<br />
Volketswil, 2010<br />
Meilen, 2008<br />
Samstagern, 1998<br />
Inwil, 2009<br />
Emmen, 2005<br />
Beverwijk, 2007<br />
Mijdrecht, 2009<br />
Tilburg, 1987<br />
Nuenen, 1990<br />
Figure: Geographical distribution of biomethane plants in Europe with their start of operation.<br />
F<br />
NL<br />
L<br />
CH<br />
Wjister, 1989<br />
Collendoorn, 1991<br />
AT<br />
SE<br />
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Göteborg, 2007<br />
Laholm, 1999<br />
Bjuv, 2007<br />
Helsingborg, 2002<br />
Helsingborg II, 2008<br />
Malmö, 2008<br />
Pucking, 2005<br />
Engerwitzdorf, 2010<br />
Wiener Neustadt, 2010<br />
Schwaighofen bei Eugendorf, 2008<br />
Bruck an der Leitha, 2007<br />
27
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Market.overview.<br />
The netherlands, sweden and switzerland are the European<br />
countries with the most and longest experience in the upgrade<br />
and feed-in of biogas. The netherlands, for example, feature a<br />
biomethane plant with a feed-in capacity of 630 nm3 /h which<br />
has been operating on a pressure swing adsorption for 20 years,<br />
since 1989.<br />
While sweden owns the largest number of plants upgrading<br />
biogas to biomethane, Germany is leading in feed-in capacity in<br />
comparison to all other European countries. These differences<br />
are partly related to the state of the infrastructure of the public<br />
gas networks in the different countries, but also to the fields of<br />
application best supported by the respective political structures.<br />
Thus, the German market has seen a significant growth in<br />
the last few years, with the first plants, however, having started<br />
operation only in 2006. In recent years, a stable market growth<br />
can also be tracked in countries like austria, for example, where<br />
the high state-guaranteed feed-in tariffs have, similar to the<br />
German situation, resulted in a significant boost.<br />
Substrate..<br />
While in Germany around 75 percent of the overall biogas<br />
production is based on the exclusive fermentation of agricultural<br />
waste, liquid manure, and cultivated renewable primary<br />
products (energy plants), the market in countries like France,<br />
Luxembourg, sweden and switzerland is dominated by gas produced<br />
in landfills managing community and household waste.<br />
28 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Application.fields...<br />
More than 75 percent of the overall European biomethane<br />
production is applied as biofuel in natural gas dedicated vehicles.<br />
sweden and switzerland in particular are front runners<br />
in this application. The German biomethane trade, however, is<br />
focussed especially on the application of biomethane in combined<br />
heat and power plants. The application of biomethane as<br />
biofuel here only plays a minor role in comparison to the other<br />
European countries.
3.2.Project.examples.<br />
Bruck.an.der.Leitha<br />
Country Austria<br />
Region Lower Austria<br />
Plant Location Bruck an der Leitha<br />
Start of Operation 2007<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
100 Nm 3 /h<br />
Upgrade Technology Membrane<br />
Substrate Grass, maize and manure as well as<br />
residues from the food industry<br />
The biogas plant in Bruck an der Leitha, close to vienna, started<br />
operation in 2004. The gas production is based on the combined<br />
fermentation of grass and maize together with residues from<br />
the food industry.<br />
In 2007, the Energy Park Bruck an der Leitha, the Technical<br />
University of vienna and the plant manufacturer axiom GmbH<br />
<strong>joint</strong>ly undertook the repowering of this plant to upgrade the<br />
raw gas to natural gas quality with the help of an innovative<br />
technology.<br />
For the first time in this scale, the reference project employs<br />
membranes in order to upgrade biogas. The methane to be later<br />
fed into the grid is separated from the Co by means of semi-<br />
2<br />
permeable membranes.<br />
The upgraded biogas is fed into the Evn grid and is transferred<br />
to the gas station operator oMv and vienna Energy to be ap-<br />
plied as biofuel.<br />
Lille<br />
Country France<br />
Region Nord-Pas-De-Calais<br />
Plant Location Lille<br />
Start of Operation 2007<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
660 Nm 3 /h<br />
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing (PWS)<br />
Substrate Community waste<br />
From 1995 <strong>–</strong>2004, the first French biomethane project operated<br />
on the waste management site of Lille. The upgrading process<br />
of this reference project was a pressurised water scrubbing. The<br />
biomethane thus generated was used as biofuel for buses.<br />
Due to corrosion of the wall and piping, operation was stopped<br />
in 2004. Meanwhile, however, a new plant was installed on site,<br />
this time in an industrial scale, that began operation in 2007.<br />
The sister project to this plant is also based in Lille, on the site<br />
of another, newly installed, waste management location in<br />
Marquette. again, a pressurised water scrubbing process is<br />
employed to upgrade the gas to natural gas quality.<br />
The biomethane is to be fed into the natural gas network and<br />
used to fuel buses and garbage vehicles. The start of operation is<br />
expected in 2010, with a feed-in capacity of 55 nm3 /h.<br />
29
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Kielen<br />
Country Luxembourg<br />
Region Capellen<br />
Plant Location Kielen<br />
Start of Operation 2010<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
360 Nm 3 /h<br />
Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Substrate 50,000 t of primary products, liquid<br />
manure and residues from the food<br />
industry<br />
More than 30 farmers and business associates around Kielen<br />
have joined forces in the <strong>initiative</strong> “naturgas Kielen” in order<br />
to assemble the 50,000 t of renewable primary products, liquid<br />
manure as well as residues from the food industry for the biogas<br />
plant in Kielen. Their motivation to opt for the feed-in of biomethane<br />
derived from the rural structures of the region where<br />
the heat could not be marketed as well as when transported via<br />
the natural gas grid.<br />
The biogas is upgraded to the local natural gas quality (more<br />
than 98 percent of methane) with a pressurised water scrubbing<br />
process and fed into the near-by gas grid.<br />
The project is to be the first biomethane plant in Luxembourg<br />
and enjoys the full support of public stakeholders as well as the<br />
media.<br />
The start of operation is scheduled in 2010.<br />
30 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Tilburg<br />
Country The Netherlands<br />
Region North Brabant<br />
Plant Location Tilburg<br />
Start of Operation 1986<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
1,300 Nm 3 /h<br />
Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Substrate 52,000 t / a of organic waste from the<br />
food industry and private households<br />
on the site of an old landfill, the Tilburg utilities erected a gas<br />
upgrading plant in 1986. In this plant, gas from a landfill is<br />
upgraded together with gas from a close-by sewage plant and<br />
a biogas plant, which operates on organic waste from the food<br />
industries and private households. about 70 percent of the raw<br />
biogas stem from this biogas plant. The raw biogas thus generated<br />
possesses a methane concentration of 55 percent and is<br />
then upgraded to the local natural gas quality of 88 percent.<br />
Both the biogas and the landfill gas are upgraded with a pressurised<br />
water scrubbing technology, which represents an<br />
investment of 3.6 million €. The maximum biomethane feed-in<br />
capacity amounts to 1,300 nm3 / h. The yearly overall energy production<br />
of the plant amounts to 18 GWh, of which 3.3 GWh are<br />
used for interal processes, while the rest is sold to the regional<br />
gas supply company.
Kristianstad<br />
Country Sweden<br />
Region Skåne län<br />
Plant Location Kristianstad<br />
Start of Operation 2006<br />
Biomethane Feed-in<br />
Capacity<br />
600 Nm 3 /h<br />
Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Substrate 50 % liquid manure, 45 % waste<br />
products from food industry , 5 %<br />
household waste<br />
In the southern swedish town of Kristianstad, biogas is produced<br />
based on manure, household waste and waste products<br />
from the food industry in a co-digestion plant. 72,000 tons of<br />
waste thus have annually been fermentated in the Kristianstad<br />
biogas plants since the original start of operation in 1996.<br />
since 2006, the raw biogas is upgraded in a pressurised water<br />
scrubbing process. In order to reach the upgrade unit, the gas is<br />
transported in a 4 km long pipeline. The upgraded biomethane<br />
possesses a 97 percent methane content and therefore meets<br />
the swedish standard.<br />
since the swedish natural gas grid does not serve Kristianstad,<br />
the biomethane is not injected into the natural gas grid but is<br />
provided to local vehicles as biofuel at a special service station<br />
close to town. all town buses in Kristianstand as well as various<br />
school buses operate on biomethane, representing 1.2 million<br />
m3 per year which have been saved in fossil fuels.<br />
Jona<br />
Country Switzerland<br />
Region St. Gallen<br />
Plant Location Engelhölzli / Jona<br />
Start of Operation 2005<br />
Feed-in Capacity 3 million kWh p. a.<br />
Upgrade Technology Amine wash<br />
Market.Development.in.Europe.<br />
Substrate Organic and garden waste<br />
The biomethane project jona started operation in 2005. The<br />
gas production is based on the digestation of source separated<br />
organic waste (oFMsW). 5,000 t are thus yearly processed on<br />
the site in Engelhölzli, jona, which represents the first plant<br />
in switzerland to upgrade the entire gas production without<br />
intermediate storage. The digestate is mixed with garden waste<br />
and post-composted in an enclosed hall.<br />
The biogas is upgraded with an amine-based washing system<br />
after a prior sulphur and humidity removal with the help of<br />
activated carbon.<br />
an innovative aspect of the jona project is the ownership. In<br />
former swiss biomethane projects, the upgrading plant was in<br />
possession of the digestion site. He transferred the gas to the<br />
grid in cleaned and odorised quality. In jona, however, the gas<br />
is sold to the nationally gas company, which in turn owns and<br />
operates the upgrading plant and is also responsible for the<br />
feed-in.<br />
The biomethane is utilised as biofuel in natural gas dedicated<br />
vehicles.<br />
31
Value.Chain.of.Biomethane.<br />
value Chain of Biomethane.<br />
The generation of biomethane is based on a complex process<br />
in various stages. Many factors influence the process from the<br />
generation of biomass to the application of the fed-in biomethane<br />
<strong>–</strong> and many diverse players have a stake in the success<br />
of any biomethane project. The following chapter describes<br />
the value chain of biomethane generation.<br />
4.1.Biomass.production..<br />
since biogas can in principle be generated from any organic<br />
compound, the biomass feedstock that can be used to produce<br />
biogas is diverse. some biomass feedstock comes from farms in<br />
the form of plants. others come from other processes, or from<br />
animals, in the form of waste materials like household garbage<br />
and sewer sludge. Biomass suitable for use in biogas production<br />
is called “feedstock.” Waste’s suitability for use as feedstock<br />
brings every available organic material into question. Especially<br />
useful for biogas generation are sewer sludge, kitchen rubbish,<br />
and liquid manure, which as waste products are abundant and<br />
affordable.<br />
32 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Energy.plants..<br />
The term “energy plants” refers to crops that are cultivated<br />
especially for the purpose of energy production. These especially<br />
include crops with high photosynthetic rates that grow<br />
quickly in the climatic conditions of a given region. In central<br />
Europe, such plants include corn, rapeseed, and rye. Many<br />
tropical countries use sugarcane extensively as an energy plant.<br />
Energy.plants.for.biogas.generation..<br />
Maize is especially well-adapted for use in biogas facilities,<br />
though cereals (such as rye) and/or grass cuttings are also<br />
acceptable. The plants most suitable for use in biogas generation<br />
vary from region to region; they must be chosen against<br />
the background of local conditions. From a climate protection<br />
perspective, it is important to ensure that local land use<br />
changes associated with energy plant cultivation do not lead<br />
to negative ecological effects.<br />
4.2.Logistics.<br />
With regard to the logistics of biomass energy, one must keep<br />
in mind the energetic and economic barriers that make longdistance<br />
delivery of feedstock impractical. Because biomass can<br />
only be harvested during certain short periods of the year, these<br />
barriers necessitate a well-planned biomass logistics chain.<br />
It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of decentral-<br />
ised and central storage:<br />
If the areas surrounding biogas facilities already possess the<br />
capacity to hold the biomass that will be needed by a local<br />
area during the year, decentralised storage may be the best<br />
approach. In such cases, biomass is delivered to processing<br />
facilities on a continual (“just-in-time”) basis. Through this, a<br />
good utilisation of transport materials is achieved, with remaining<br />
dry fermentation feedstock being transported away as<br />
back-freight. a downside of decentralised storage is that personnel<br />
costs may run high, since biomass must be delivered more<br />
frequently.
Biomass production<br />
a second approach is the central storage of biomass at the<br />
biogas facility. advantages of this approach include a consistent<br />
quality of stored biomass, along with minimal logistical<br />
expenses. These storage facilities may be subject to higher<br />
investment costs, however, since new storage capacity must<br />
be created. nonetheless, savings of €2 per tonne of silage are<br />
achievable in central storage sites (relative to decentralised<br />
storage facilities) through reductions in silage loss of up to<br />
10 percent.<br />
The choice of transport methods should be made in consideration<br />
for the distance between energy plant cultivation areas and<br />
biogas installations. at short distances, transport with tractors<br />
and other farm equipment is more affordable, because nothing<br />
but the biomass itself must be loaded. at longer distances, shipping<br />
via trucks becomes more affordable.<br />
4.3.Biogas.production.<br />
Raw.biogas..<br />
Energy plants /<br />
residues<br />
Recirculation of<br />
digestate as fertilizer<br />
Logistics<br />
Biogas plant<br />
raw biogas is generated through the fermentation of feedstock.<br />
This process occurs in so-called fermenters, where microorganisms<br />
facilitate the process of material conversion that produces<br />
the raw biogas. The processes involved in fermentation are<br />
exceedingly complex, and are currently understood only in<br />
part. various current research projects seek to improve this<br />
understanding. The optimisation of the fermentation processes<br />
highly depends also on the measurement and control systems<br />
and procedures used.<br />
raw biogas consists of 45 <strong>–</strong>70 percent methane (CH 4 ). The second<br />
largest component of the gas is carbon dioxide (Co 2 ), making up<br />
25 <strong>–</strong>50 percent of the total. The rest contains minimal portions<br />
of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 s), ammonia (nH 3 ), and water vapor<br />
(H 2 o). Fossil-based natural gas contains 85 <strong>–</strong>98 percent meth-<br />
ane. To guarantee the consistent quality of the natural gas in<br />
the grid, the methane content of the raw biogas must increase<br />
before being fed in. This methane content “upgrade” occurs<br />
through a purification of the raw biogas.<br />
Sales and trade<br />
Natural<br />
gas grid<br />
Value.Chain.of.Biomethane.<br />
Electricity<br />
and heat<br />
(cogeneration)<br />
Biogas production Upgrade Injection Application fields<br />
Heat<br />
Fuel<br />
Methane.yield.<br />
The flammable and thus relevant component of biogas is<br />
methane. Hence, the amount of methane contained in the<br />
biogas should be increased to as large a percentage of the<br />
whole as possible. The initial methane content of raw biogas<br />
varies chiefly with the feedstock used.<br />
m 3 .Gas./.<br />
t.Substrate<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
Cattle manure<br />
Forage beet<br />
Sugar beet silage<br />
Figure: Biomethane yields of different substrates. Sources: FNR<br />
(2006), KTBL (2006), dena.<br />
The upgrading of biogas’s methane content is achieved through<br />
the optimisation of facility systems for particular feedstock, and<br />
through the implementation of measurement and regulation<br />
systems.<br />
4.4.Biogas.upgrade..<br />
Grass<br />
Biological waste<br />
From.raw.biogas.to.bio-natural.gas..<br />
Maize silage<br />
Food residues<br />
Waste grease<br />
The biogas created through fermentation <strong>–</strong> raw biogas <strong>–</strong> can in<br />
various ways be upgraded to high-quality natural gas , lowquality<br />
natural gas, or so-called accessory or admixing quality.<br />
an important first step is the removal of sulphur. Depending on<br />
the other processes used to upgrade the biogas, an additional<br />
33
Value.Chain.of.Biomethane.<br />
Figure: Process steps of raw biogas upgrade.<br />
Source: Fraunhofer UMSICHT (2008).<br />
fine-grade sulphur removal and a drying of the gas may be nec-<br />
essary. For the upgrade of high- or low-methane natural gas, a<br />
separation of Co may also be a required additional step, unless<br />
2<br />
the biogas is to be admixed as accessory gas. In a last step, the<br />
heat value is increased or reduced by admixing LPG (liquified<br />
petroleum gas) or oxygen to adjust the biomethan quality to the<br />
quality of the natural gas in the gas grid.<br />
The upgrade from biogas to biomethane is economically attrac-<br />
tive only starting at medium-sized plants. Existing or planned<br />
smaller biogas plants therefore can make use of the possiblity to<br />
assemble the biogas generated in each plant via micro gas grids<br />
and then upgrade and feed-in the entire quanitity on only one<br />
site.<br />
The figure above provides an overview of the various process<br />
steps of biogas upgrade.<br />
Sulphur removal.<br />
The process of crude sulphur removal can be undertaken either<br />
biologically or chemically.<br />
Biological sulphur removal.<br />
Biological sulphur removal employs microorganisms that consume<br />
hydrogen sulphide. This process is only suitable for crude<br />
sulphur removal. The microorganisms can be placed directly<br />
into the fermenter.<br />
Chemical sulphur removal.<br />
Chemical sulphur removal involves the use of compounds that<br />
bind with sulphur in the fermenter. Iron oxide is the best compound<br />
for this purpose.<br />
34 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Raw biogas from vegetable matter of liquid manure biogas plants<br />
Gross desulphurisation Option: Gross desulphurisation Gross desulphurisation<br />
Fine desulphurisation<br />
Compression<br />
Gas cooling<br />
CO 2 separation adsorption<br />
Calorific value adjustment<br />
with LPG or air<br />
Natural gas H or natural gas L<br />
Compression Fine desulphurisation<br />
Gas cooling Compression<br />
CO 2 separation adsorption Gas drying<br />
Gas drying<br />
Calorific value adjustment<br />
with LPG or air<br />
Supplemental gas<br />
Because some sulphur (specifically hydrogen sulphide) can remain<br />
in the biogas after crude sulphur removal, some preparation<br />
paths may require an additional fine sulphur removal<br />
process before Co separation. The most suitable processes for<br />
2<br />
fine sulphur removal are active carbon adsorption and zinc<br />
oxide adsorption.<br />
Gas.drying..<br />
For the drying of biogas, adsorption and condensation processes<br />
are the methods of choice.<br />
Adsorptive gas drying processes.<br />
The premise of this process is that water vapour adsorbs to<br />
specific compounds (including, for instance, silica gel and<br />
aluminum oxides). Using packed-bed adsorbers, these com-<br />
pounds are passed through the biogas as granulates, thereby<br />
removing water vapour from the gas.<br />
The granulates must be regenerated after adsorption. Here it<br />
is important to note the difference between cold and warm regeneration<br />
processes. If the biogas facility is to feed into the gas<br />
grid on a continuous basis, it is necessary to apply two separate<br />
packed-bed adsorbers so that one may be used when the other is<br />
regenerating.<br />
Condensation processes.<br />
For this process the biogas is cooled, causing the water it contains<br />
to condense. This process is above all intended for drying<br />
biogas for use in motor vehicles. However, the process does not<br />
meet specifications (DvGW G260 and G262) for biomethane<br />
preparation. For this reason, the process is only partially useful<br />
to prepare biomethane for feed-in into the grid.<br />
CO .separation.<br />
2<br />
on the European market, pressure swing adsorption and pressurised<br />
water scrubbing are the most widely used processes for<br />
Co separation. additional processes are currently in the pilot<br />
2<br />
stages; some of these must still be intensively researched. The<br />
following overview provides a short, non-exhaustive description<br />
of some selected Co separation processes:<br />
2
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA).<br />
“adsorption” refers to the exit of molecules from fluids and their<br />
subsequent attachment to solid surfaces. This process is used in<br />
Psa to remove the Co and any remaining traces of other gases<br />
2<br />
from raw biogas. Before adsorption, sulphur and water vapour<br />
must be removed from the raw biogas, since these substances<br />
can damage the active carbon required in the process. as a rule,<br />
water separation succeeds when raw biogas is cooled nearly to<br />
the point of freezing. For the separation of sulphur from biogas,<br />
various other processes may be used.<br />
Pressurised water scrubbing (PWS).<br />
Pressurised water scrubbing is a matter of physical adsorption<br />
processes. raw biogas is routed through a water-filled pressure<br />
tank, in which the gases present in the biogas are absorbed by<br />
the water through the application of physical force. Besides<br />
Co , this process can also remove some of the hydrogen sul-<br />
2<br />
phide (H s) and ammonia (nH ) present in raw biogas. When<br />
2 3<br />
biogas contains more hydrogen sulphide than can be removed<br />
through pressure water washing, this is an indication that an<br />
additional sulphur removal process should be implemented<br />
“upstream” of the pressure water wash. Following the completion<br />
of the pressure water wash, the gas must be dried and<br />
dehumidified before being fed into the natural gas grid.<br />
There are other promising processes for Co 2 removal in addi-<br />
tion to pressure swing adsorption and pressure water washing.<br />
The following passage briefly describes each of these processes:<br />
Genosorbs®.<br />
Like pressure water washing, this biogas purification process<br />
hinges around a physical adsorption, although washing<br />
fluid that is highly absorptive of Co and H s is also involved.<br />
2 2<br />
The washing fluid Genosorb can regenerate itself after high-<br />
temperature washes. The washing fluid has a shelf life of about<br />
10 years. Because of this, an essentially larger load of washing<br />
fluid is possible.<br />
Value.Chain.of.Biomethane.<br />
Amine washing.<br />
The amine washes are processes of chemical adsorption. In<br />
contrast to pressure water washing and Genosorb absorption,<br />
amine washes use chemical reactions to remove extraneous<br />
gases present in biogas. Because of this, a large range of washing<br />
fluids can be used.<br />
Monoethanol amine washing (MEA).<br />
Cleaning biogas using monoethanol amine is suitable when<br />
only Co must be removed. The process can be implemented<br />
2<br />
with only minimal pressure, though it requires a standard<br />
minimum temperature of approximately 40°C. The process is<br />
therefore especially appealing for sites that have ready access<br />
to heat.<br />
Diethanol amine washing (DEA).<br />
The process of diethanol amine washing is very similar to that<br />
of monoethanol amine washing. as a washing fluid, though,<br />
diethanol amine differs from monoethanol amine. Its Co2 adsorption capacity is greater than that of monoethanol amine,<br />
though its environmental impacts (specifically its hazards for<br />
waterways) are more serious.<br />
The following table (page 36) provides an overview of the<br />
respective upgrade technologies and their most important<br />
parameters.<br />
4.5.Grid.feed-in.<br />
The feeding of biogas into the natural gas grid is an efficient<br />
energy solution, even if the sites in which the gas is to be applied<br />
are far away from the sites at which it is produced. Gas feed-in is<br />
facilitated via a compressor, a device raising the pressure level<br />
of the biomethane to that of the gas in the closed pressurised<br />
lines of the grid. Given European regulatory realities, new gas<br />
producers have the opportunity to feed gas into the conventional<br />
gas grid. For biogas generators, this multiplication of<br />
the possible number of consumers is attractive. For purposes of<br />
injection, however, the gas must meet the quality specifications<br />
35
Value.Chain.of.Biomethane.<br />
Criteria PSA PWS Genosorb MEA DEA<br />
Adsorption process physical physical chemical chemical<br />
Pre-cleaning necessary? Yes No No Yes Yes<br />
Required pressure (bar) 4 <strong>–</strong>7 4 <strong>–</strong>7 4 <strong>–</strong>7 depressurised depressurised<br />
Methane loss 3<strong>–</strong>10 % 1<strong>–</strong>2 % 1<strong>–</strong>4 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 %<br />
Methane content of the gas product > 96 % > 97 % > 96 % > 99 % > 99 %<br />
Required power consumption [kWh/Nm 3 ] 0.25 < 0.25 0.25<strong>–</strong>0.33 < 0.15 < 0.15<br />
Required temperature range [°C] No No 55 <strong>–</strong>80 160 160<br />
Range of controllability as percentages of total load +/<strong>–</strong> 10<strong>–</strong>15 % 50<strong>–</strong>100 % 50<strong>–</strong>100 % 50<strong>–</strong>100 % 50<strong>–</strong>100 %<br />
Processes already underway > 20 > 20 3 3 1<br />
Table: Parameters of different upgrade technologies. Source: Fraunhofer Umsicht (2009).<br />
of the relevant legal provisions and may only deviate within the<br />
range of these quality standards. such standards are realised<br />
using technologies for reconditioning gas. Because a non-negligible<br />
quantity of energy is necessary for gas compression, the<br />
energy balance and the economic feasibility of the compression<br />
and feed-in process must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.<br />
Accessory.gas./.exchange.gas.<br />
With regard to feeding biomethane into the natural gas grid, it<br />
is necessary to distinguish between exchange gas and accessory<br />
gas. The difference lies in the quality of the gases. an exchange<br />
gas has the same qualitative standards as conventional natural<br />
gas and can be exchanged in the grid as such. accessory gas possesses<br />
a composition that is not equivalent to that of the natural<br />
gas, and can therefore only be mixed into the grid beneath a<br />
certain threshold.<br />
Quality.standards.<br />
regulations distinguish between low-quality natural gas<br />
(“natural Gas L”) and high-quality natural gas (“natural Gas H”).<br />
natural Gas H possesses a higher methane content, and is used<br />
mainly in the GUs federal states and extracted principally in the<br />
north sea.<br />
natural Gas L contains roughly 89 percent flammable gases<br />
(primarily methane, but also small amounts of ethane, propane,<br />
butane, and pentane), while natural Gas H contains about<br />
97 percent flammable gases (the same as those listed for natural<br />
Gas L).<br />
The types of natural gas available in Germany vary with geog-<br />
raphy. similarly, the degree to which biomethane is upgraded<br />
depends on the region of its origin.<br />
4.6.Sales.and.trade.<br />
The transport and sales of the injected biomethane is usually<br />
coordinated by a biogas or natural gas trading company. To<br />
transfer biogas from its production site to its end customer,<br />
36 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
these trading companies enter various business and contractual<br />
relationships with different partners. The following overview<br />
gives an idea of the biomethane sales dynamics in Germany.<br />
Biogas Accounting Grid Contract.<br />
In order to transport the injected biomethane via the gas grid,<br />
the trading company (also called “transport client”) is required<br />
to close a biogas accounting grid contract with the accounting<br />
grid operator. The grid operator balances the account of the<br />
biomethane amounts fed-in and out of the grid in an accounting<br />
grid and settles surplus and shortage quantities with the<br />
transport client.<br />
Grid Entry Contract.<br />
In order to be allocated to an accounting grid, the biogas supplier<br />
enters a contract with the Entry Grid operator. In this Grid<br />
Entry Contract, the parties agree on the quality criteria for the<br />
injected gas.<br />
Grid Exit Contract.<br />
The final customer enters into a grid exit contract with the exit<br />
grid operator settling the gas withdrawal at the physical gas<br />
exit point. The costs for the grid transport are the same as in<br />
natural gas transport transactions and are covered by the final<br />
customer together with grid access fees regardless of the feed-in<br />
location.<br />
Biomethane sales and trade in Germany differs from classic<br />
natural gas trade regarding the necessary proof of origins. The<br />
amounts of biomethane fed into the natural gas network must<br />
be documented along the value chain regarding the attributes<br />
required by law (“produced from renewable primary sources,<br />
for example). These attributes mostly derive from the legal and<br />
political conditions set in the renewable Energy sources act<br />
(EEG) and the renewable Energies Heat act (EEWärmeG).<br />
next to transport logistics and accounting matters, the trad-<br />
ing company also coordinates a gas portfolio. The company<br />
buys biogas quantities from various producers and delivers<br />
it to different (end) customers. also, the trading company is
able to provide ongoing and steady supplies as well as singu-<br />
lar deliveries on the spot. These classic portfolio structuring<br />
are accompanied also by structuring regarding biomethane<br />
attributes. The different origin attributes such as “biomass”<br />
“renewable primary sources” and “technology bonus” lead to a<br />
variety of different biomethane products of different value and<br />
with versatile application fields. By structuring these attributes<br />
the trading company can serve customers’ individual needs<br />
resulting from the field of application they are aiming at. The<br />
certificates or quantity attestations are the basis for biomethane<br />
clients to prove their claims for the feed-in tariffs in context with<br />
EEG or EEWärmeG.<br />
4.7.Application.fields..<br />
The application fields for biomethane are the same as are currently<br />
satisfied by conventional natural gas . The main advantage<br />
is its good heating characteristics. In the early stages of<br />
biogas generation in Germany, it was mainly used for power<br />
generation in so-called combined heat and power plants (CHP)<br />
right on the production site. a major part of the generated heat<br />
remained thus unused.<br />
The upgrade and feed-in of biomethane broadens the applica-<br />
tion fields of biogas to equal those of natural gas.<br />
Heat.generation.<br />
Like natural gas, biomethane can be applied in industry and pri-<br />
vate housholds for heating purposes. no adaptation of the end<br />
devices (gas-fired boiler, gas stove, e.g.) is necessary since the<br />
biomethane presents the same heat value characteristics as the<br />
natural gas in the local gas grid. The fact that biomethane thus<br />
can resort to existing infrastructure is a central advantage of<br />
this innovative technology also from an economic perspective.<br />
Cogeneration.of.heat.and.power.(CHP)..<br />
In combined heat and power processes, biomethane is used in<br />
combustion machines (gas engines, (micro-)gas turbines, stirling<br />
motors). These machines generate mechanical energy and,<br />
Figure: Mileage yield of biofuels per hectare cropland.<br />
Source: FNR (2008).<br />
Value.Chain.of.Biomethane.<br />
as a byproduct, heat. The mechanical energy is transformed<br />
into electrical energy via generators and fed into the power<br />
grid. The generated heat is used for heating purposes. The CHP<br />
process operating on biogas mainly takes place in CHP plants ,<br />
where the heat energy generated can be applied in a local heat<br />
network. regarding the energy yield, CHP achieves very good<br />
results since the heat which is generated during the process of<br />
power production can also be utilized. CHP has come to play a<br />
more and more important role in recent years and is especially<br />
advisable for edifices and facilities presenting a high heat<br />
demand all year long, such as public swimming pools, factories<br />
etc.<br />
Mobility.<br />
Biogas upgraded to natural gas quality can be used to fuel natural<br />
gas dedicated vehicles. a further adaptation on the vehicles<br />
is not necessary. By feeding biomethane into the grid, it is made<br />
available on a national basis and can be distributed via the existing<br />
natural gas station infrastructure.<br />
In comparison to other biofuels, biomethane is to be ranked<br />
among the most efficient ones. Per hectare cropland, a similar<br />
mileage can be achieved with biomethane as with biomass-toliquid<br />
(BtL)-fuels of the so-called second generation. (see figure).<br />
Bioethanol<br />
Biodiesel<br />
Rapeseed oil<br />
Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL)<br />
Biomethane<br />
Figure: Yield of biofuels<br />
in km per hectare<br />
22,400 + 14,400<br />
23,300 + 17,600<br />
23,300 + 17,600<br />
64,000<br />
67,600<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70<br />
In 1,000 Kilometers per Hectare.<br />
Biomethane from byproducts<br />
(mash, straw/mulch)<br />
37
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Companies and Market Players.<br />
38 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
This chapter presents German and European companies and<br />
market players in the biogas injection sector. The table on the<br />
right provides an overview on their core activities.<br />
Crop breeding<br />
Project development<br />
Plant engineering<br />
Plant operation<br />
Trade<br />
Energy supply company<br />
Application<br />
Financing<br />
Consulting<br />
Research<br />
Association<br />
page<br />
Abicon GmbH 45<br />
agri.capital GmbH 45<br />
Arcanum Energy Systems GmbH & Co. KG 46<br />
Aufwind Neue Energien GmbH 46<br />
BALANCE VNG Bioenergie GmbH 47<br />
Biogasrat e.V. 47<br />
bmp greengas GmbH 48<br />
Böck Silosysteme GmbH 48<br />
BDH <strong>–</strong> Federal Industrial Association of<br />
Germany - House, Energy and Environmental<br />
Technology e.V.<br />
49<br />
Bundesverband der Maschinenringe e.V. 49<br />
Bundesverband Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung<br />
e.V.<br />
50<br />
cng services ltd 50<br />
Dalkia Energie Service GmbH 51<br />
Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft<br />
e.V.<br />
51<br />
DVGW German Technical and Scientific<br />
Association for Gas and Water<br />
40<br />
German Farmers’ Association (DBV) e.V. 52<br />
German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ)<br />
gGmbH<br />
52<br />
DZ Bank AG 53<br />
E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH 41<br />
EnBW Gas GmbH 53<br />
Enovos Luxembourg S.A. 54
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Crop breeding<br />
Project development<br />
Plant engineering<br />
Plant operation<br />
Trade<br />
Energy supply company<br />
Application<br />
Financing<br />
Consulting<br />
Research<br />
Association<br />
page<br />
EnviTec Biogas AG 54<br />
EPURON GmbH 55<br />
erdgas schwaben gmbh 42<br />
Evonik New Energies GmbH 55<br />
German Biogas Association 56<br />
Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental,<br />
Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT<br />
56<br />
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and<br />
Energy Systems Technology IWES<br />
57<br />
GASAG Berliner Gaswerke Aktiengesellschaft<br />
57<br />
GREENFIELD Europe 58<br />
Haase Energietechnik AG 58<br />
juwi Bio GmbH 59<br />
KWS Saat AG 59<br />
Landwärme GmbH 60<br />
MT-BioMethan GmbH 60<br />
N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie 61<br />
NAWARO BioEnergie AG 61<br />
ÖKOBiT GmbH 62<br />
PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH 62<br />
PRIMAGAS GmbH 63<br />
Propan-Gesellschaft mbH 63<br />
ProTech Energiesysteme GmbH 64<br />
Law firm Schnutenhaus & Kollegen 64<br />
RES Projects GmbH 65<br />
RWE Vertrieb AG 65<br />
Thüga Energie GmbH 66<br />
TÜV Nord Cert GmbH 67<br />
TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH 66<br />
Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG 43<br />
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft 44<br />
WELtec BioPower GmbH 67<br />
Windwärts Energie GmbH 68<br />
39
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
DvGW German Technical and<br />
scientific association for Gas and Water<br />
The DvGW’s technical standards ensure a high-quality gas and<br />
water supply for Germany. The DvGW assists gas and water<br />
enterprises with the cost-effective implementation of techni-<br />
cal measures necessary for maintaining Germany’s clean,<br />
secure gas and water supply. as a setter of technical standards,<br />
the DvGW is instrumental in defining collaborative processes<br />
designed to improve these enterprises, and to ensure effective,<br />
autonomous industrial management under rapidly changing<br />
conditions.<br />
With respect to biogas, the DvGW takes a holistic approach to<br />
setting gas and water standards: the focus is on supply security,<br />
supply diversity, sustained access to native energy sources, and<br />
the gradual development of processes for producing biomass<br />
energy from the most commonly used plants.<br />
40 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
DVGW German Technical and<br />
Scientific Association for Gas and Water<br />
Technical/scientific organisation<br />
Josef-Wirmer-Strasse 1 <strong>–</strong>3, D-53123 Bonn, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)228 91 88-5<br />
Fax +49 (0)228 91 88-990<br />
info@dvgw.de<br />
www.dvgw.de<br />
DVGW Association office in Bonn
E.on Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
Within the E.on Group, the E.on Bioerdgas GmbH is<br />
responsible for the generation, grid injection and trading of<br />
biomethane.<br />
The E.on Bioerdgas GmbH was founded in 2007 with the goal to<br />
market biomethane as an innovative and ecologically-friendly<br />
energy and heat source.<br />
In 2008, the E.on Bioerdgas GmbH put into operation the at this<br />
point largest plant for biomethane production (schwandorf) in<br />
Germany. The plant generates biomethane in natural gas quality<br />
at a rate of 1,000 m3 per hour. This equals a heat capacity of<br />
90,000.000 kWh per year. With this amount, the gas demand of<br />
about 5,000 four-person-households can be covered.<br />
While in Germany the generation of biomethane is based<br />
mainly on energy crops, E.on Bioerdgas GmbH is currently<br />
also analyzing the application of organic waste in biomethane<br />
generation in existing projects all over Europe.<br />
With its biomethane product, E.on Bioerdgas GmbH as one of<br />
the leading companies will contribute to the achievement of the<br />
political climate goals until 2030 of the German Federal Government<br />
and the EU and play an integral role in the coverage of<br />
10 percent of the overall gas consumption with renewables.<br />
E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
Biomethane trading/generation<br />
Dr. Thomas Stephanblome<br />
Ruhrallee 307<strong>–</strong>309, D-45136 Essen, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)201 184-78 31<br />
Fax +49 (0)201 184-78 37<br />
www.eon.com<br />
Biomethane plant in Schwandorf, Bavaria<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
41
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
erdgas schwaben gmbh<br />
We.are.where.our.customers.are..<br />
erdgas schwaben looks back on a long history as an energy<br />
provider in the German regions swabia and Upper Bavaria. The<br />
current pipeline system connects 165 cities and communities,<br />
covering an area of roughly 5,000 km. Public facilities as well<br />
as private households utilise our services, which cover the full<br />
spectrum of natural gas supply. For the past three years, the<br />
swabian energy supplier has been following its own unique<br />
energy strategy: “The erdgas schwaben way”.<br />
Central principles of the “erdgas schwaben way” include the<br />
professional consultation for the reduction of energy costs, the<br />
support of more efficient natural gas utilization practices, and<br />
the resulting expansion of renewable energies.<br />
.The.erdgas.schwaben.way.<br />
Bio-energy, the renewable energies from swabia, have an enormous<br />
development potential! We have successfully expanded<br />
this business sector in 2008. erdgas schwaben currently manages<br />
two operating bio-natural gas plants. one plant has been<br />
in operation since 2007, and is located in Graben, near augs-<br />
Bio-natural gas plant<br />
erdgas schwaben<br />
42 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
burg. The other has been in operation since 2008, and is located<br />
in Maihingen, near nördlingen in Donau-ries. 87 Million kWh<br />
are produced and anually fed into the grid. This amount equals<br />
5,000 households which are currently experiencing the benefits<br />
of green energy use. The altenstadt/schongau plant, based on<br />
residues, was awarded the “Biogaspartnership of the year” in<br />
2009. additional bio-natural gas plants, such as in arnschwang,<br />
are in the construction stage. With every bio-natural gas plant<br />
we save roughly 10,000 tons of Co . 2<br />
The regional supply of energy from sustainable natural<br />
resources makes swabia independent from the international<br />
energy market, thus strengthening the region as a whole. That<br />
is why erdgas schwaben annually invests 10 million Euros into<br />
the expansion of renewable energies in the region and, through<br />
this measure, in our future generations.<br />
Bioenergy for us is a means to set the stage for the environment.<br />
Bio-energy from regenerative natural resources, 100 percent<br />
eco-friendly, always available and directly from swabia.<br />
erdgas schwaben gmbh<br />
Energy supply company<br />
Georg Radlinger<br />
Director Renewable Energy and Heat Project Development<br />
Bayerstrasse 43, D-86199 Augsburg, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)821 90 02-170<br />
Fax +49 (0)821 90 02-186<br />
georg.radlinger@erdgas-schwaben.de<br />
www.erdgas-schwaben.de
viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG<br />
The viessmann Group is one of the leading international<br />
manufacturers of heating systems and offers a complete range<br />
of products for all energy sources and areas of application.<br />
viessmann offers individual solutions, whether for detached or<br />
semi-detached homes, large apartment blocks, commercial and<br />
industrial buildings or local heating networks. With the takeover<br />
of the two biogas specialists schmack Biogas and BIoFerm,<br />
viessmann is able to offer the complete package in the field of<br />
biogas technology.<br />
Thus viessmann is enforcing its strategy of making increased<br />
use of renewable forms of energy. renewable energy systems<br />
already account for 25 percent of turnover at viessmann.<br />
BIOFerm.<strong>–</strong>.the.dry-fermentation.specialist..<br />
The 2007 acquisition of BIoFerm GmbH, which provides biogas<br />
plants based on dry fermentation, represented a first step<br />
towards viessmann expanding its field of expertise to include<br />
biogas. The BIoFerm technology makes it possible to recycle<br />
organic waste from local authorities, agriculture and landscape<br />
preservation and turn it into energy. Target groups are local<br />
authorities, the food industry and landscape preservation businesses.<br />
Schmack.Biogas.<strong>–</strong>.market.leader.for.biogas.technologies.and.<br />
gas.processing.<br />
The takeover of schmack Biogas in january 2010 enabled viessmann<br />
to further expand its position in the market for renewable<br />
energies. schmack Biogas is one of the leading German providers<br />
of biogas plants. The company today provides its services in<br />
project management and construction as well as service and<br />
operational oversight, and this makes it one of the few full-service<br />
providers in the industry. since it was founded back in 1995,<br />
schmack has constructed around 230 biogas plants around the<br />
world with a total output of over 100 MW.<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
schmack Biogas was the first company in Germany to implement<br />
the feeding of biogas into the natural gas grid. For gas upgrading,<br />
schmack uses CarBoTECH technology. The company,<br />
which now also belongs to viessmann, is a specialist in technologies<br />
and processes for conditioning, cleaning and generating<br />
industrial gases and biogas in particular.<br />
.<br />
Utilising.biogas.as.part.of.“Efficiency.Plus”...<br />
With the construction of a biogas plant at the company’s headquarters<br />
in allendorf/Eder, viessmann is underlining its strategy<br />
to make increased use of renewable energy sources as part of its<br />
“Efficiency Plus” sustainability project which aims, by 2010, to reduce<br />
the use of fossil fuels by 40 percent and Co emissions by 30<br />
2<br />
percent. 4,500 tonnes of organic waste will be processed in the<br />
biogas plant every year to generate 2.7 million kwh of electricity<br />
and heat. The primary energy of the biogas will be converted by<br />
a CHP plant from the manufacturer Ess, which also belongs to<br />
the viessmann Group.<br />
Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG<br />
Biogas companies in the Viessmann Group:<br />
Schmack Biogas GmbH<br />
Markus Staudt<br />
Bayernwerk 8, D-92421 Schwandorf, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0) 94 3 751-0<br />
Fax +49 (0) 94 31 751-204<br />
info@schmack-biogas.com<br />
www.schmack-biogas.com<br />
Schmack CARBOTECH GmbH<br />
Bayernwerk 8, D-92421 Schwandorf, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0) 94 31 751-122<br />
mail@carbotech.info<br />
BIOFerm mb<br />
Grenzweg 4, D-91207 Lauf a. d.Pegnitz<br />
Tel +49 (0) 912 39 99 52-0<br />
info@bioferm.de<br />
43
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Based in Wolfsburg, Germany, the volkswagen Group is one of<br />
the world’s leading carmakers and is the largest producer of au-<br />
tomobiles in Europe. In 2009, the Group increased the number<br />
of vehicles delivered to customers to 6.336 million, representing<br />
a 11.3 percent share of the total world passenger car market.<br />
nine brands from seven European countries belong to the<br />
Group: volkswagen, audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini,<br />
scania, sEaT, skoda and volkswagen Commercial vehicles.<br />
Each brand has its own character and operates independently.<br />
Together, the product range extends from fuel-saving compact<br />
cars to luxury class vehicles. The range of commercial vehicles<br />
begins with pick-up trucks and extends to buses and heavy<br />
goods vehicles.<br />
The.Volkswagen.Group.<strong>–</strong>.one.of.the.leading.automobile.manufacturers.in.the.world...<br />
.<br />
It is the goal of the Group to offer attractive, safe and environmentally<br />
friendly vehicles which are competitive on an<br />
increasingly tough market and which set world standards in<br />
their respective classes. For example, volkswagen offers the<br />
Passat TsI EcoFuel and the new generation of the Touran TsI<br />
EcoFuel , which combines for the first time natural gas power<br />
and turbocharged direct injection. The Caddy features as Eco<br />
Fuel the possibility of the natural-gas engine for all variety of<br />
different models.<br />
Under the brand name sunGas ® , volkswagen is involved in<br />
the production of largely Co -neutral biogas. natural gas and<br />
2<br />
biogas are components of the fuel and powertrain strategy of<br />
volkswagen..<br />
Passat.TSI.EcoFuel.<strong>–</strong>.Efficiency.meets.dynamics..<br />
.<br />
volkswagen expanded its successful natural gas fleet with the<br />
TsI EcoFuel models. The Passat TsI EcoFuel and the Touran TsI<br />
44 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
EcoFuel may be ordered with the 6-speed manual gearbox or<br />
with the innovative dual clutch gearbox DsG. This Passat, in<br />
combination with the DsG gear box, is currently the only model<br />
in the midrange class that achieves a Co emissions value of<br />
2<br />
119 g/km.<br />
The combination of the natural gas drive system and the turbocharged<br />
direct-injection in the Passat TsI EcoFuel is unique in<br />
the world. This advantageously combines fuel efficiency with<br />
dynamics. a modest rate of fuel consumption, as little as 4.4 kg<br />
natural gas per 100 km (with DsG), and a 31-litre petrol tank<br />
result in a maximum driving range of over 900 kilometres.<br />
The 1.4-litre engine generates 110 kW (150 Ps). With both gearbox<br />
versions, a powerful 220 newton metres of torque are available<br />
between 1,500 and 4,500 rpm. The dynamic performance<br />
achieved was previously unknown for natural-gas vehicles: the<br />
car accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 9.8 seconds. This fuel<br />
economy and dynamic natural gas engine is now available with<br />
an optional DsG gearbox in the Touran TsI EcoFuel.<br />
The engine has specially been developed and optimised for the<br />
permanent use of natural gas: valves, pistons and the engine<br />
management system have been designed for the changed<br />
requirements of natural gas operation. In conjunction with<br />
reduced fuel tax it offers considerable advantages in running<br />
costs in comparison to petrol engines.<br />
In addition to the Caddy EcoFuel the offer includes since 2009<br />
the Caddy Maxi EcoFuel with a sensational range of 700 km.<br />
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft<br />
Group Research, Powertrain<br />
Dr. Tobias Loesche-ter Horst<br />
Letterbox 011/17780, D-38436 Wolfsburg, Germany<br />
info@sunfuel.de<br />
www.volkswagenag.com, www.sunfuel.de
abicon GmbH<br />
Project.development.of.biogas.and.photovoltaic.plants..<br />
aBICon GmbH was founded in 2006 and is a spin-off of aUDIT<br />
GmbH, a company active since 1994 focusing on quality and<br />
environmental management.<br />
Led by its managers Dr. andreas Möller and Thomas Knieling,<br />
aBICon is by now a well-established market player, known not<br />
only in Hesse, but in all of Germany.<br />
The core competences of our teams focus on the development<br />
of projects in the biogas and photovoltaic fields. The teams<br />
consist of civil engineers and agriculturists as well as business<br />
managers with special knowledge in the various sectors of<br />
renewable energies.<br />
Thus, we can offer a broad spectrum of practical and theoretical<br />
know-how.<br />
We can in particular offer profound experience and know-how<br />
on the upgrade of biogas to natural gas quality.<br />
Due to its ideal agricultural structure, the biomethane plant<br />
ransbach, schwälmer Biogas GmbH & Co. KG, represents one<br />
of the most sustainable biogas projects in Germany. Further<br />
biomethane projects are currrently in the planning stage.<br />
our main virtue lies in the interdisciplinary approach which<br />
enables us to meet all individual customer needs.<br />
ABICON GmbH<br />
Am Spielplatz 8, D-34630 Moischeid-Gilserberg, Germany<br />
Dr. Andreas Möller<br />
Tel +49 (0)6696 91 94 50<br />
Fax +49 (0)6696 91 94 51<br />
info@abicon-gmbh.de<br />
www.abicon-gmbh.de<br />
agri.capital GmbH<br />
Secure.Energy.for.our.Future.<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
agri.capital GmbH is one of Germany’s largest decentral energy<br />
producers. next to the generation of heat and power based on<br />
biogas, one major focus of the Münster-based company is also<br />
the production of biomethane to be fed into the natural gas<br />
grids.<br />
agri.capital’s fields of competences span the entire value chain:<br />
Project development<br />
Permit planning<br />
Financing<br />
Construction management<br />
Economical and technical operation<br />
raw material management<br />
Biological monitoring<br />
Grid access<br />
Power, heat and biomethane sales and marketing<br />
Currently, agri.capital operates about 70 biogas modules at 49<br />
sites all over Germany and austria. This includes 3 plants feeding<br />
biomethane into the gas grid (Könnern, Lüchow, schmargendorf).<br />
other plants are currently already in the construction<br />
or development stage. agri.capital also focuses on grid feed-in<br />
repowering of existing biogas plants.<br />
The generated biomethane is delivered by agri.capital to city<br />
works, communities and energy supply companies.<br />
agri.capital GmbH<br />
Industrial partner regarding biogas projects<br />
for municipal energy suppliers and farmers<br />
Bernd Hugenroth<br />
Hafenweg 15, D-48155 Münster, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)251 276 01-111<br />
Fax +49 (0)251 276 01-910<br />
info@agri-capital.de<br />
www.agri-capital.de<br />
45
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
arcanum Energy systems<br />
GmbH & Co. KG<br />
arCanUM provides full-range consulting services of project<br />
development of decentralized renewable power generation.<br />
We offer customized support for energy supply companies in<br />
biogas.<br />
our services “Biogas Pool” and “Biogas service” ensure an<br />
efficient biogas supply and they offer added value to all levels<br />
of value chain. arCanUM specializes in the consulting of<br />
municipal energy suppliers concerning alternative strategies,<br />
marketing and sales.<br />
Arcanum Energy Systems GmbH & Co. KG<br />
Project Development and Consulting<br />
Vera Schürmann (vs@arcanum-energy.de), Prokura<br />
Hertingerstrasse 45, D-59423 Unna, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)2303 952 32-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)2303 95 232-2<br />
info@arcanum-energy.de<br />
www.arcanum-energy.de<br />
46 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
aufwind neue Energien<br />
GmbH<br />
A.subsidiary.of.BayWa.r.e.GmbH..<br />
aufwind is a leading project developer and independent service<br />
provider for biomass, wind and solar power plants. The company<br />
plans, builds and operates power plants since 1995. The<br />
design and operation of biomass plants have been established<br />
as a core competency. The portfolio spans the entire value chain<br />
from initial feasibility analysis to trade with biomethane, power<br />
and heat. overall, projects have so far been implemented with<br />
an electrical capacity of 100 MW.<br />
The company has its head office in regensburg with own<br />
branches and subsidiaries in spain, Hungary, Czechia, Poland<br />
and Indonesia. In 2009, the BayWa r.e GmbH purchased a<br />
majority share in the aufwind neue Energien GmbH. In the<br />
BayWa r.e business line, the BayWa aG summarizes all activities<br />
concerned with the growth industry of regenerative energies.<br />
References.<strong>–</strong>.Biomass.<br />
2010 Installation of Hungary’s most powerful biogas plant<br />
2007 Poland: Biogazownia Liszkowo: Project engineering and<br />
implementation of the largest waste to biogas gas facility<br />
of Poland<br />
2006 Biogas plant Pliening: First feeding into the naturalgas<br />
network in Germany.<br />
2005 Europe’s most modern biogas to waste plant, at that time,<br />
in Hünxe 3,1 MW<br />
2004 First local biogas park<br />
2001 First German biogas fund<br />
Aufwind Neue Energien GmbH<br />
Project development and operation of biogas plants, trading with<br />
heat, biomethane and electricity<br />
Sven Fischer<br />
Blumenstrasse 16, 93055 Regensburg, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)941 69 87 30-511<br />
Fax +49 (0)941 69 87 30-550<br />
info@aufwind.com<br />
www.aufwind.com
BaLanCE vnG<br />
Bioenergie GmbH<br />
as a wholly owned subsidiary of the gas trading company<br />
vnG <strong>–</strong> verbundnetz Gas aG, our focus is the development and<br />
implementation of biogas projects, with special emphasis on<br />
the creation of biogas feed-in systems for the natural gas grid.<br />
Strategy.and.Services..<br />
BaLanCE focuses on developing comprehensive, professional<br />
biomethane-related projects, and on providing various business<br />
services for the biogas industry. It supplements these activities<br />
primarily by marketing and transporting natural gas in<br />
coordination with vnG’s renewable energy program, placing<br />
particular focus on the management of biomethane.<br />
BALANCE VNG Bioenergie GmbH<br />
Development and implementation of biogas feed-in projects<br />
Thomas Fritsch<br />
Maximilianallee 4, D-04129 Leipzig, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)341 443 29 17<br />
Fax +49 (0)341 443 29 19<br />
thomas.fritsch@balance-vng.de<br />
www.balance-vng.de<br />
Biogasrat e.v.<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Your.partner.for.future.energy.policy...<br />
.<br />
Biogasrat e.v. is the association of leading market players in the<br />
biogas economy. Its members represent the entire value chain<br />
of the biogas sector. among its members are agricultural energy<br />
producers, plant constructors, component suppliers, financing<br />
experts, project developers, energy supply companies, disposal<br />
managers as well as trading companies.<br />
Biogasrat acts as association with the purpose to develop the<br />
market representing its members, to communicate the important<br />
role of bioenergies in the future energy mix to politics and<br />
the overall public and to establish better legal, economic and<br />
political parameters for the biogas economy. a special focus<br />
lies on the needs and interests of agricultural, industrial and<br />
efficient biogas production and utilization.<br />
The association complies with international and national<br />
climate goals as well as with the further development of the German<br />
energy sector. Biogasrat’s objective is to secure the German<br />
biogas economy’s market leadership position and competitive<br />
ability while at the same time answering to climate and<br />
sustainability goals. Biogasrat is a fair and reliable partner for<br />
both politics and economy, always working towards the future<br />
energy policy.<br />
Biogasrat e.V.<br />
Reinhard Schultz<br />
Janet Hochi<br />
Dorotheenstrasse 35, 10117 Berlin<br />
Tel + 49 (0) 30 20 14 31 33<br />
Fax + 49 (0) 30 20 14 31 36<br />
geschaeftsstelle@biogasrat.de<br />
www.biogasrat.de<br />
47
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
bmp greengas GmbH<br />
Who.we.are..<br />
sInce bmp greengas focuses on trading, certification and<br />
consulting services in the biomethane market. Based upon the<br />
development of its own independent trading platform, bmp<br />
greengas is able to purchase biomethane from different providers,<br />
structure and to provide its customers with highly customized<br />
products. This business model reduces market risks for all<br />
players and helps to create a free-flowing market.<br />
With regards to certification, bmp greengas has developed a<br />
standard offering in compliance with regulatory requirements.<br />
Proof of origin certificates for biomethane products in cooperation<br />
with TÜv sÜD are also provided.<br />
Trade.<br />
Purchasing of grid-grade biomethane<br />
Plant site purchasing of raw biogas<br />
Certification.<br />
Planning and organization of audits with official authorities<br />
administration of register documentation<br />
supply of product certificates<br />
Consulting..<br />
Feasibility studies, economic modelling<br />
Technological consultation on gas processing systems<br />
Workshops on minimal pricing scheme (EEG)<br />
bmp greengas GmbH<br />
Lothar Gottschalk<br />
Ganghoferstrasse 68a, D-80339 München, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)89 30 90 58 72 00<br />
Fax +49 (0)89 30 90 58 78 88<br />
l.gottschalk@bmp-greengas.de, www.bmp-greengas.de<br />
48 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Böck silosysteme GmbH<br />
30.percent.more.energy.thanks.to.the.BÖCK-Traunsteiner-silosystem..<br />
BÖCK offers you the full package from one source for the<br />
construction of this special bunker silo-system, starting from<br />
consulting up to a ready-to-use building, including unequalled<br />
silo-cover protection if desired. The BÖCK-Traunsteiner silosystem<br />
combines both optimal functionality and environmental<br />
compatibility. our solutions always are intelligent, low-cost<br />
and efficient.<br />
Economic.advantages.thanks.to.the.Traunsteiner.silo..<br />
Your plants will be optimized through the combination of<br />
expertise in agriculture and BÖCK’s unique experience. The<br />
forceful conversion of the BÖCK silo-system, from complete construction<br />
to ensiling logistics, has a huge effect to your silages<br />
energy-yield per ton. our professional know-how, individual<br />
concepts, safety regarding costs and deadlines, constant supervision<br />
and our rigorous quality control will guarantee you the<br />
best reliability for your project.<br />
Environmental.construction..<br />
BÖCK offers dependable solutions for environmental relief<br />
and is constantly improving them in cooperation with public<br />
authorities, engineers and technical universities.<br />
Böck Silosysteme GmbH<br />
Complete solutions for bunker silo-systems, starting from consulting<br />
up to ready-to-use construction including unequalled<br />
silo-cover protection<br />
Ronald Kriz, Executive Director<br />
Stefan-Flötzl-Strasse 24, 83342 Tacherting, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)8621 64 66-0<br />
Fax 49 (0)8621 64 66-25<br />
silo@boeck.de<br />
www.boeck.de
BDH <strong>–</strong> Federal Industrial<br />
association of Germany <strong>–</strong><br />
House, Energy and Environmental<br />
Technology.<br />
BDH is a federal association representing 82 manufacturers of<br />
heating systems and heating system components. It also represents<br />
three associated organizations.<br />
Manufacturers of high-efficiency systems for heating, sani-<br />
tary hot water provision, ventilation and air-conditioning in<br />
buildings are organized in the Federal Industrial association<br />
of Germany House, Energy and Environmental Technology<br />
(BDH). These manufacturers produce modern wood, oil and<br />
gas-fired boilers, heat pumps, solar installations, ventilation<br />
systems, control and regulation mechanisms, radiators and<br />
panel heating/cooling systems, burners, heat stores, heating<br />
pumps, flue systems, storage tanks and other ancillary components.<br />
They generate a turnover of 12.3 billion Euros and employ<br />
some 62,000 staff worldwide. Because of the relatively high<br />
investment in research and Development <strong>–</strong> an annual figure<br />
of around 385 million Euros <strong>–</strong> the member companies of the<br />
BDH enjoy a leading position in international markets and are<br />
technologically ahead of the field.<br />
BDH <strong>–</strong> Federal Industrial Association of Germany <strong>–</strong><br />
House, Energy and Environmental Technology.<br />
Nationwide representation for manufacturers of heating systems<br />
Wilfried Linke<br />
Frankfurter Strasse 720 <strong>–</strong>726, D-51145 Cologne, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)2203 935 93-19<br />
Fax +49 (0)2203 935 93-22<br />
Wilfried.Linke@BDH-Koeln.de<br />
www.bdh-koeln.de<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Bundesverband der<br />
Maschinenringe e. v.<br />
Professional.service.providers.for.biogas.production..<br />
The machine syndicates, which represent about 194,000 work-<br />
ers, are agricultural self-help organizations designed primarily<br />
to help their members minimize operating costs. To this end the<br />
syndicates provide extensive services, from procuring machines<br />
for shared use by companies to providing professional logistical<br />
assistance such as low-cost professional substrates for machines.<br />
support for the development of renewable energies is among<br />
the syndicate association’s most important projects. For this<br />
reason, dena’s Biogas Partnership is a high priority for the<br />
association. of particular importance to the association is the<br />
expansion of the syndicate network to include market partners<br />
involved in biogas grid feed-in <strong>initiative</strong>s, which stand to open<br />
the gas feed-in market to rural and agricultural enterprises.<br />
Bundesverband der Maschinenringe e. V.<br />
Professional service profile around the production of biogas<br />
Gerhard Röhrl<br />
Ottheinrichsplatz A 117, D-86633 Neuburg an der Donau, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)8431 649 94 60<br />
Fax +49 (0)8431 649 94 50<br />
gerhard.roehrl@maschinenringe.com<br />
www.maschinenringe.com<br />
49
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Bundesverband Kraft-<br />
Wärme-Kopplung e. v.<br />
Our.Objectives..<br />
The B.KWK is non-profit. It pursues its goals by:<br />
Facilitating dialogue amongst professional groups and<br />
institutions<br />
Minimizing deficient information exchange and perma-<br />
nently establishing the practice of cogeneration among<br />
policymakers, market actors and the population at large<br />
Providing consulting and support for interested persons<br />
and institutions<br />
Encouraging and developing scientific and technical<br />
innovations<br />
Hosting information days, workshops, and conferences<br />
organizing booths at trade fairs and exhibitions dedicated<br />
to the cogeneration topic<br />
Collaborating with other national and international<br />
organizations<br />
Who.is.invited.to.participate?.<br />
People,.enterprises,.institutions.and.associations,.particularly:<br />
Cogeneration plant owners and operators in industry, trade,<br />
sales, and the public sector<br />
system and component manufacturers, service providers,<br />
planners, consultants, contractors, energy agencies, technicians,<br />
and installation specialists<br />
Municipal power providers, utilities, power distributers, and<br />
grid operators<br />
suppliers of natural gas, coal, petroleum, and biofuels<br />
Banks, financial services companies, and insurers<br />
Bundesverband Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung e. V.<br />
Wulf Binde<br />
Markgrafenstrasse 56, D-10117 Berlin, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)30 27 01 92 81-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)30 27 01 92 81 99<br />
info@bkwk.de<br />
www.bkwk.de<br />
50 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
CnG services Ltd<br />
CnG services Ltd (“CsL”) supports the development of new<br />
anaerobic digester projects including a range of utilisation op-<br />
tions for biogas:<br />
Use to generate electricity in “good quality” CHP<br />
Clean-up of biogas to produce biomethane<br />
Injection of biomethane into gas distribution networks (BtG)<br />
Production of compressed biomethane (CBM) for use as fuel<br />
in road vehicles<br />
Development of small scale biogas to CBM plants<br />
support to introduction of biomethane fuelled vehicles (we<br />
are working with vW, MB and Iveco)<br />
We also support the sale of biomethane to UK energy suppliers.<br />
CsL describes the above as “Green Gas” <strong>initiative</strong>s.<br />
CsL is independent from manufacturers of aD plants, CHP<br />
plants, gas clean-up plants, compression plant manufacturers<br />
and the vehicle manufacturers.<br />
CsL is developing the UK’s first Biomethane to Grid projects and<br />
has clients including United Utilities, Thames Water, Kelda,<br />
Centrica, scotia Gas networks and northern Gas networks.<br />
CNG Services Ltd<br />
Biomethane Consultants and Project Managers<br />
37 St Bernards Rd, Olton, Solihull, B92 7AX, Great Britain<br />
Tel +44 (0)121 707 8581<br />
john.baldwin@cngservices.co.uk<br />
www.cngservices.co.uk
Dalkia Energie service<br />
GmbH<br />
Energy.in.mind.<br />
Dalkia, the Energy Division of veolia Environnement, produces<br />
and distributes energy for residential and public buildings,<br />
industry and business. We are a leader in heating network<br />
management and a recognised expert in cogeneration.<br />
Working close to customers in city centres, we participate<br />
actively in urban renewal. This is particularly true in Central<br />
Europe, where our energy services are encountering growing<br />
success.<br />
By optimising the energy mix, designing and operating highefficiency<br />
installations and tapping into renewable energies, we<br />
integrate the most advanced energy solutions to enhance our<br />
facilities’ technical, cost and environmental performance. This<br />
approach guarantees our customers the lowest prices, while<br />
minimising the impact of their energy use on the environment.<br />
our portfolio of renewable energies includes biogas, biomass,<br />
landfill, sewage, and coal mine gas. Upgrading and gridinjection<br />
of biogas enables us to make renewable energy supply<br />
available wherever and whenever our customers need it.<br />
Dalkia Energie Service GmbH<br />
Daniel Hölder<br />
Hammerbrookstrasse 69, D-20097 Hamburg, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)40 25 30 38-17<br />
Fax +49 (0)40 25 30 38-38<br />
Mobile phone +49 (0)173 448 52 90<br />
dhoelder@dalkia.de<br />
www.dalkia.de<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft<br />
e. v.<br />
Maintaining.the.Pace.of.Progress..<br />
The.DLG’s.bases:.innovation.and.progress..<br />
The DLG (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e. v.) was<br />
founded in 1885 by the engineer and author Max Eyth. With<br />
20,000 members, it is among Germany’s leading agricultural<br />
and food economy organizations. Politically and economically<br />
independent, the DLG serves as a representative for all concerns<br />
regarding agriculture and food production. at the heart of the<br />
DLG’s mission is the advancement of scientific and technological<br />
progress. With its activities and <strong>initiative</strong>s, DLG provides<br />
both the measures and the pace necessary for such progress.<br />
International.orientation..<br />
The DLG thinks and works internationally. By pursuing<br />
international practices and building and maintaining trade<br />
partnerships abroad, it supports an international exchange<br />
of information.<br />
Fields.of.work.<br />
International trade exhibitions<br />
Machinery and equipment testing<br />
Food item testing<br />
Knowledge transfer<br />
Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e. V.<br />
Dr. Frank Setzer<br />
Eschborner Landstrasse 122, D-60489 Frankfurt am Main, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)69 247 88-323<br />
Fax +49 (0)69 247 88-114<br />
f.setzer@dlg.org<br />
www.dlg.org<br />
51
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Deutsches Biomasse-<br />
ForschungsZentrum<br />
(DBFZ)<br />
The German Biomass research Centre (DBFZ) was founded in<br />
2008 by the Federal Ministry of Food, agriculture and Consumer<br />
Protection. It is an interdisciplinary working research<br />
institute dealing with technical, economic and environmental<br />
aspects of the use of biomass for energy, both theoretically and<br />
practically addressed. Currently, DBFZ has a staff of approximately<br />
134 employees.<br />
In addition to feasibility studies, expertise, technology<br />
assess ments, scenario analysis, potential analysis, life cycle<br />
assessments, modelling and simulations, the work focuses on<br />
experimental research and development work in laboratories<br />
as well as in a pilot and demonstration scale. DBFZ conducts<br />
comprehensive projects in the fields of bioenergy production<br />
as well as the utilization of organic waste materials. Particularly<br />
with regard to the supply of biomethane, public and private<br />
funded research projects, surveys, analysis and potential<br />
studies are realised. nationally and internationally, DBFZ<br />
consults energy suppliers, industrial companies as well as<br />
public contractors.<br />
DBFZ Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum<br />
gemeinnützige GmbH<br />
(German Biomass Research Centre)<br />
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Scholwin<br />
Torgauer Strasse 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)341 24 34-112<br />
Fax +49 (0)341 24 34-133<br />
info@dbfz.de<br />
www.dbfz.de<br />
52 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
German Farmers’<br />
association.<br />
Tasks.and.aims.of.the.German.Farmers’.Association.<br />
The German Farmers’ association (DBv) is the representation<br />
of interests of agriculture and forestry in Germany. Founded<br />
in 1948, the DBv provides farming families with a unified, free<br />
and self-determined professional representation, for the first<br />
time in German history. The DBv is politically and confessionally<br />
independent. More than 90 percent of the roughly 380,000<br />
farms in Germany are members of the DBv on a voluntary basis.<br />
representation of interests for the German farmers means a<br />
broad field <strong>–</strong> from agricultural and economic policy to property,<br />
legal and tax policy, from environmental and commercial<br />
policy to educational and social policy. one more specific task<br />
of the DBv is also the representation of interests of the people<br />
living in rural areas <strong>–</strong> the rural regions need to be strengthened<br />
as economic, cultural and recreation areas. Equal conditions of<br />
living in the countryside need to be assured.<br />
With its federal constitution <strong>–</strong> DBv, federal state and regional<br />
farmers’ associations <strong>–</strong> the farmers’ association speaks for the<br />
concerns of its members on all political levels. The same applies<br />
for the European level by the membership in the European<br />
farmers’ association CoPa. The DBv, as a competent contact,<br />
informs politicians, media and publicity authentically about<br />
the economical and social situation of the farmers and current<br />
topics of agricultural policy and markets. The DBv as a service<br />
provider offers numerous services and exclusive information<br />
to its members and supports them in the management of their<br />
farms and in dealing with public authorities.<br />
German Farmers’ Association<br />
Udo Hemmerling<br />
Haus der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft,<br />
Claire-Waldoff-Strasse 7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)30 319 04-402<br />
Fax +49 (0)30 319 04-196<br />
u.hemmerling@bauernverband.net<br />
www.bauernverband.de
DZ BanK aG<br />
With the establishment of a specialised competence team,<br />
agrarnaturEnergie (anE), DZ BanK is responding to the<br />
increasingly important business areas of agriculture and<br />
renewable energies. The task of the anE team is to actively support<br />
volksbanken raiffeisenbanken and their medium-sized<br />
customers to implement and finance anE projects.<br />
supplemented by special offers by vr Leasing and r+v ver-<br />
sicherung, DZ BanK, with its long-standing experience, is a<br />
competent financial partner in the cooperative Finanzverbund.<br />
DZ BanK ensures ideal solutions for projects in the areas of<br />
agriculture, wind or solar power, biogas/biomass, geothermal<br />
energy and water power, using an individual and tailor-made<br />
approach.<br />
simply contact us if you wish to reduce the unsecured propor-<br />
tions of your agricultural loan commitments or if you wish to<br />
finance long-term loans with the involvement of relevant subsidies<br />
or wish to pre-fund or interim-fund them. We can also help<br />
with matters regarding to operating resource funding, variable<br />
forms of funding, including interest and currency hedging, raw<br />
material price hedging, or the validation of profitability calculations.<br />
Furthermore, vr Leasing creates individual leasing<br />
models for you and r+v versicherung covers possible risks with<br />
its diversified product range.<br />
DZ BANK AG<br />
Expertise for projects in the areas of agriculture, wind power, solar<br />
power, biogas/biomass, geothermal energy and water power<br />
Steffen Weinknecht<br />
Gertrudenstrasse 3, D-20095 Hamburg, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)40 359 00-495<br />
Fax +49 (0)40 359 00-333<br />
steffen.weinknecht@dzbank.de or ane-<strong>initiative</strong>@dzbank.de<br />
www.dzbank.com<br />
EnBW Gas GmbH<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
EnBW Gas GmbH combines all EnBW acitivities in gas distribu-<br />
tion, supplying clients both in the stuttgart metropolitan area<br />
as well as in the Black Forest and Hohenlohe regions. Many<br />
other regions of Baden-Württemberg are furthermore indirectly<br />
supplied by EnBW through its affiliated companies.<br />
via its subcompany Erdgas südwest, EnBW since 2008 has been<br />
operating a biogas feed-in plant close to Laupheim. Currently,<br />
EnBW is constructing a second plant for the feed-in of biogas<br />
into the natural gas grid in Blaufelden. a biogas plant in operation<br />
since 2005 is being repowered for grid feed-in in cooperation<br />
with the agricultural operator.<br />
a second element of EnBW’s biogas strategy is the utilization<br />
of so far unused biomass for energy generation. a special focus<br />
here lies on residues based on food production. In context with<br />
a project supported by the Federal Ministry for Education and<br />
research, EnBW is part of a consortium for the upgrade of<br />
biogas based on food residues. The gas thus generated will be<br />
used as bio fuel in vehicles. The start of operation of this pilot<br />
plant is expected in april 2011.<br />
EnBW Gas GmbH<br />
Energy supply company<br />
Thorsten Setzer, Strategic plant management<br />
Talstrasse 117, 70188 Stuttgart, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)711 289-431 79<br />
Fax 49 (0)711 289-440 72<br />
t.setzer@enbw.com<br />
www.enbw.com<br />
53
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Enovos Luxembourg s.a.<br />
Enovos is a merger of the three energy-supplying companies<br />
Cegedel s.a. and soteg s.a. from Luxembourg as well as the<br />
German saar Ferngas aG. Enovos offers public utilities, indus-<br />
trial companies and private households a wide portfolio of<br />
energy- and natural gas products at competitive prices.<br />
Under the claim “Energy for today. Caring for tomorrow”<br />
Enovos is presenting itself as a strong company who conse-<br />
quently invests in renewable energy projects, like Biogas,<br />
Biomass, Wind and Photovoltaics, all around Europe.<br />
In the biogas business, Enovos holds a stake of 80 % in the<br />
Energie park Trelder Berg GmbH. The Energiepark consists of<br />
three biogas plants with a total electrical power of 5.1 MW.<br />
Further projects with biogas injection into the public natural<br />
gas grid are under development.<br />
as trading partner for biomethane, Enovos has long-time<br />
experience in the trading business for natural gas with a well<br />
established relation to its customers.<br />
Enovos Luxembourg S.A.<br />
Renewables Energies & Cogeneration<br />
Sebastian Nolte, Project Manager<br />
L-2089 Luxembourg<br />
Tel +352 (0)2737-62 04<br />
Fax +352 (0)2737-61 11<br />
sebastian.nolte@enovos.eu<br />
www.enovos.eu<br />
54 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
EnviTec Biogas aG<br />
as the market leader EnviTec Biogas aG covers the entire value<br />
chain for the production of biogas. In addition, the company<br />
also operates its own biogas plants.<br />
at the end of 2009 EnviTec and Greenlane Biogas signed a li-<br />
cense agreement for the manufacturing, construction and sales<br />
of biogas upgrading plants throughout Europe. The process<br />
used is pressurised water scrubbing. EnviTec Biogas offers gas<br />
refinement plants with capacity ratings from 500 nm3 .<br />
EnviTec has already been involved as principal supplier in the<br />
construction of the world’s largest plant for the production of<br />
biogas to natural gas standards with a thermal output of 55<br />
megawatts in Güstrow, in the German state of Mecklenburg-<br />
Western Pomerania.<br />
EnviTec Biogas AG<br />
Planning, Implementation, Commissioning, Operation and<br />
Service of biogas plants and biogas upgrading plants<br />
Christian Ernst, Head of Sales Germany<br />
Boschstraße 2 (Sales and Distribution), 48369 Saerbeck, Germany<br />
EnviTec Biogas AG, Industriering 10 a, 49393 Lohne, Germany<br />
Tel+49 (0)2574 88 88-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)2574 88 88-800<br />
info@envitec-biogas.de<br />
www.envitec-biogas.de
EPUron GmbH<br />
EPUron develops, implements, finances and operates bioener-<br />
gy, wind energy, and solar energy projects. since its foundation<br />
in 1998, EPUron has planned, built and connected to the grid<br />
more than 100 projects with an output of over 500 megawatts.<br />
We manage our projects according to the motto “From the<br />
region, for the region”. We take into account the interests of all<br />
parties involved: from development partners and farmers to<br />
public utility companies, local authorities or investors, thereby<br />
strengthening the entire value creation chain in agriculture.<br />
We develop facilities from 500 kW el to 3 MW el and, depending<br />
on the site, decide if biogas should be fed into the gas grid or<br />
used to generate electricity. We provide a wide range of services<br />
from one single source and guarantee that our projects are<br />
always high-quality.<br />
EPURON GmbH<br />
Project development and financing for farmers, local authorities,<br />
public utility companies and investors<br />
Dirk Homann, Project Development Bioenergy<br />
Anckelmannsplatz 1, D-20537 Hamburg, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)40 271 42-30 00<br />
Fax +49 (0)40 271 42-33 00<br />
d.homann@epuron.de<br />
www.epuron.de<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Evonik new Energies<br />
GmbH<br />
With.renewable.Energies.for.more.climate.protection..<br />
Evonik new Energies GmbH, part of the Evonik Group, is a Euro-<br />
pean specialist in decentralized energy supply.<br />
In keeping with present climate protection policy, it special-<br />
izes in providing custom-tailored solutions based on efficient<br />
and sustainable concepts. Energy sources range from biomass,<br />
biogas and mine gas to utilization of geothermal energy.<br />
Evonik New Energies GmbH<br />
Contracting and Application of Renewable Energies<br />
Peter Ney, Communications and PR<br />
St. Johanner Strasse 101 <strong>–</strong>105, 66115 Saarbrücken, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)681 94 94-00<br />
Fax +49 (0)681 94 94-2211<br />
info-new-energies@evonik.com<br />
www.evonik.com/new-energies<br />
55
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
German Biogas<br />
association<br />
The.association.for.the.renewable.energy.source.biogas.in.<br />
Germany.<br />
With about 3,900 members the German Biogas association is<br />
Europe`s biggest biogas lobby. It unites owners, manufactures<br />
and planners of biogas plants, and representatives of science<br />
and research. The association with its 26 employees promotes<br />
the extensive sustainable use of biogas technologies at European,<br />
national and regional levels. Besides the headquarters<br />
in Freising, the association is represented in Berlin as well as in<br />
three regional offices in the north, south and east of Germany.<br />
In addition to the political representation of interests the German<br />
Biogas association has the following aims:<br />
advancement of technical development<br />
Promotion, evaluation and intermediation of scientific<br />
expertise and practical experience<br />
Publications<br />
Promotion of national and international intermediation of<br />
experience<br />
Formulation of quality standards<br />
Through participation in European projects and its membership<br />
in the European renewable Energies Foundation (ErEF),<br />
the German Biogas association is an active initiator of the international<br />
pooling of experience. It is represented by a committee<br />
elected by the general meeting of members. These are organized<br />
into 24 regional groups.<br />
The most important event of the branch is the Biogas annual<br />
Conference. With more than 3,600 visitors this year, more visitors<br />
than ever streamed into the 19th annual Conference of the<br />
German Biogas association and the Europe’s biggest biogas<br />
trade fair.<br />
German Biogas Association<br />
Angerbrunnenstraße 12, D-85356 Freising , Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)8161 984660<br />
Fax 08161 984670<br />
info@biogas.org<br />
www.biogas.org<br />
56 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Fraunhofer Institute for<br />
Environmental, safety<br />
and Energy Technology<br />
UMsICHT<br />
Fraunhofer UMsICHT develops and optimizes industry-oriented<br />
systems of environmental,- process-, basic material and energy<br />
technology. Its goal is to harmonize sustainable economy, environmentally<br />
friendly technology and innovative behaviour in<br />
order to improve quality of life of the people and support local<br />
ecenomy.<br />
With the leading topics<br />
bio refineries <strong>–</strong> Products based on renewable primary<br />
sources,<br />
matfunc <strong>–</strong> Particles, basic materials and membranes with<br />
functions,<br />
Modular energy technology <strong>–</strong> Flexible solutions for sustainable<br />
energy systems and<br />
Information networks for system and energy technology <strong>–</strong><br />
Using distributed knowledge in value chains<br />
The institute is present in the European research climate.<br />
Fraunhofer UMsICHT is leading in GIs-based modeling and balancing<br />
of biomass production (potentials, emissions, streams,<br />
sites) in rural areas. It is also leading in the development of<br />
biomass energy lad registers for the sustainable development<br />
of energy supply concepts and and sites. (www.biogaseinspeisung.de).<br />
In the biogas sector, the institute is active in interdisciplinary<br />
topics such as permit and land use planning questions and is a<br />
consultant for policy makers in questions of the further development<br />
of efficient biogas utilization.<br />
Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy<br />
Technology UMSICHT<br />
Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Urban<br />
Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen<br />
Tel. +49 (0) 208/8598-0<br />
Fax +49 (0) 208/8598-1290<br />
wolfgang.urban@umsicht.fraunhofer.de<br />
www.umsicht.fraunhofer.de<br />
www.biogaseinspeisung.de
Fraunhofer-Institute for<br />
Wind Energy and Energy<br />
systems Technology IWEs<br />
The new Fraunhofer-Institute for Wind Energy and Energy sys-<br />
tems Technology IWEs was founded in 2009 and consists of the<br />
former Fraunhofer-Center für Windenergie und Meeres technik<br />
CWMT in Bremerhaven and the Kassel Institut für solare Ener-<br />
gie versorgungstechnik <strong>–</strong> IsET e.v.<br />
The research areas of the institute contain the complete<br />
spectrum of wind energy as well as energy systems technology<br />
for the utilisation of all kinds of renewable energy sources.<br />
The portfolio ranges from theoretical work to experimental<br />
research and field tests, through to device developments.<br />
The r&D division bioenergy systems technology, located at<br />
IWEs Hanau site, is focused on the energetic use of biogas.<br />
The main activities on biomass in power generation relate to<br />
systems technology for generating power from biomass at<br />
decentralised plants. Here, the IWEs focuses on the integrated<br />
systems technology analysis, the application of new energy conversion<br />
for power generation and the development of measurement<br />
methods and new methods for design and operation.<br />
In the area of biogas upgrading, IWEs is conducting within<br />
the European research project BIoGasMaX a monitoring of<br />
European biogas upgrading plants and developing a micro gas<br />
distribution system for local network integration of biogas at<br />
the agricultural centre Eichhof. Currently IWEs is conducting<br />
with the Fraunhofer-Institute UMsICHT and DBFZ the project<br />
BIoMon “Evaluation of biomethane supply, distribution and<br />
utilisation in Germany by a market monitoring” that is supported<br />
by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, nature<br />
Conservation and nuclear safety.<br />
Fraunhofer-Institute for Wind Energy and Energy Systems<br />
Technology IWES<br />
Rodenbacher Chaussee 6, D-63457 Hanau, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)6181 58-27 01<br />
Fax +49 (0)6181 58-27 02<br />
hanau@iwes.fraunhofer.de<br />
www.iwes.fraunhofer.de<br />
GASAG AG<br />
Dr. Guido Bruch<br />
Reichpietschufer 60, D-10785 Berlin, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)30 78 72-11 51<br />
Fax +49 (0)30 78 72-11 55<br />
gbruch@gasag.de<br />
www.gasag.de<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
GasaG Berliner Gaswerke<br />
aktiengesellschaft<br />
Company.profile..<br />
The GasaG Berliner Gaswerke aktiengesellschaft has been a<br />
part of the history of Berlin for more than 160 years. Today it<br />
supplies gas to round about 600,000 customers. In Berlin, the<br />
company’s name is synonymous with both gas supply security<br />
and the use of innovative, environmentally friendly, energy saving<br />
technologies.<br />
as a result of the 2007 initiation of the program “Berlin obliges<br />
<strong>–</strong> decentralised energy supply as a chance.” Co emissions in<br />
2<br />
Berlin should decrease by one million tons. The program will<br />
help secure a decentralised energy supply. It will also encourage<br />
the modernisation of heating systems and the development<br />
of energy efficient and renewable resources such as biogas.<br />
57
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
GrEEnFIELD EUroPE<br />
GrEEnFIELD EUroPE is one of the leading natural gas station<br />
constructing companies in Germany. a spin-off of the Mannes-<br />
mann aG, GrEEnFIELD represents plant construction compe-<br />
tence and long-standing experience. We are your specialist for<br />
compressors, high pressure systems as well as for biomethane<br />
and natural gas plants.<br />
GrEEnFIELD does not only act as natural gas station packager,<br />
but also as system supplier of turnkey plans. our services in-<br />
clude planning, permits, project development, parts assembly,<br />
operation and maintance. all plant components have been<br />
developed by GrEEnFIELD.<br />
We rely on the know-how of the global GrEEnFIELD GroUP,<br />
which has erected more than 1,700 natural gas stations worlwide.<br />
since 2007 a part of the atlas Copco Group, we have access<br />
to more than 150 markets worldwide.<br />
GREENFIELD EUROPE<br />
Franz Braun<br />
Lise-Meitner-Straße 5, 82216 Maisach<br />
Tel +49 (0)8142 448 42 14<br />
Fax +49 (0)8142 448 42 10<br />
franz.braun@de.greenfield-comp.com<br />
www.greenfield-comp.com<br />
www.gastankstellen.de<br />
58 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
HaasE<br />
Energietechnik aG<br />
Biomethane.plants.and.high-end.components.for.biogas.plants..<br />
.<br />
HaasE Energietechnik aG is one of the leading suppliers of<br />
process technology in the fields of biogas engineering and<br />
landfill engineering. The company’s history goes back to the<br />
year 1980.<br />
Biogas.upgrading.with.the.HAASE.BiogasUpgrader..<br />
.<br />
For the generation of biogas, its energetic utilisation and<br />
upgrading we supply all components in high-end quality: CHP<br />
units, booster stations, engineering containers, flares, Biogas-<br />
Upgraders, as well as plant operation, contracting solutions,<br />
service & support. Furthermore, we build complete biomethane<br />
plants including the feed-in station for the gas grid.<br />
HaasE BiogasUpgraders are successfully in operation in<br />
jameln, ronnenberg, rathenow, and Forchheim. Under construction:<br />
another BiogasUpgrader in Palmersheim (Euskirchen)<br />
and complete biomethane plants in schöpstal and Lehma.<br />
HAASE Energietechnik AG<br />
Plant constructor for process components of biogas plants;<br />
complete plants with gas processing and feed-in<br />
Dr. Roland Kahn<br />
Gadelander Strasse 172, D-24539 Neumünster, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)4321 878-260<br />
Fax +49 (0)4321 878-29<br />
roland.kahn@haase.de<br />
www.haase-energietechnik.de
juwi Bio GmbH<br />
Besides agricultural and industrial biogas plants the juwi group<br />
also constructs biomass heating power and wood chip heating<br />
plants in different dimensions.<br />
With an annual turnover of about 600 million EUr in 2009 and<br />
more than 900 employees juwi is one of the leading renewable<br />
energy companies.<br />
as an experienced project developer juwi is offering the whole<br />
line-up of regenerative energy projects. juwi bio is taking care<br />
of safeguarding an industry’s competitiveness and the raw material<br />
supply as well as planning, getting permissions, financing,<br />
realization up to the project management.<br />
a main pillar for juwi bio is biogas plants on nawaro basis.<br />
several modern plants with a magnitude of 500 KW have been<br />
realized so far in connection with a good heating concept.<br />
as the number of biogas facilities in Germany is constantly<br />
rising, good locations with a reliable supply of substrates and<br />
a convincing concept for energy recovery will be harder to<br />
find. That is why juwi focuses on project development of biogas<br />
plants with a feed into the gas grid.<br />
Farmers participating are able to develop a second income. juwi<br />
has designed participation models, for example a co-op.<br />
Benefiting from juwi’s experience, authority and different participation<br />
models farmers are part of a well-knit community.<br />
Utilities profit from purchasing ecologically produced biomethane.<br />
It is turned into electric energy in a block heat and<br />
power plant, where all lost heat can be used.<br />
juwi Bio GmbH<br />
Energie-Allee 1, D-55286 Wörrstadt, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)6732 96 57-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)6732 96 57-70 01<br />
info@juwi.de<br />
www.juwi.com<br />
KWs saaT aG<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
KWs saaT aG is one of the world’s leading companies in plant<br />
breeding, with activities in about 70 countries with more than<br />
40 subsidiaries and affiliated companies. The product range<br />
includes more than 250 seed varieties for sugar beet, maize, cereals,<br />
oil seeds and potatoes. KWs conducted business in family<br />
since 1856 in an independent and sustainable manner.<br />
With research, breeding and the production of seeds which<br />
yield increasingly stronger results, KWs stands at the beginning<br />
of the value-added chain. Bioenergy takes a very special place in<br />
renewable energy, as plants represent an almost inexhaustible<br />
source of food and raw materials. KWs recognised this early and<br />
designed its own breeding programme for energy plants.<br />
KWs relies on whole plant usage and on the production of bio-<br />
gas energy, which is probably the most profitable and efficient<br />
form of bioenergy generation in farming at the moment. Its<br />
potential to yield is crucial for the profitability of energy plants<br />
in particular. The increase in biomass yields is therefore at the<br />
centre of our research activities for energy plants. When breeding<br />
to optimise the gas amount per hectare, the increase in total<br />
dry mass yields is crucial, in contrary to breeding for consumption<br />
or sugar creation. The highest energy yields per surface<br />
unit are achieved when fermenting biomass from whole plants<br />
to biogas.<br />
The KWs energy plant programme for biogas generation<br />
currently includes the cultures of maize, sugar beet, sorghum<br />
and rye.<br />
KWS SAAT AG<br />
Plant-breeding, energy plant-breeding<br />
Dr. Andreas von Felde<br />
Grimsehlstrasse 31<br />
Postfach 1436, D-37555 Einbeck, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)5561 311-542<br />
Fax +49 (0)5561 311-595<br />
info@kws.com<br />
www.kws.com<br />
59
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Landwärme GmbH<br />
New.ways.for.renewables.<br />
Landwärme GmbH is an owner-managed project development<br />
company based in Munich. specialised on biogas upgrading<br />
and feeding biogas into the natural gas grid, Landwärme offers<br />
a broad portfolio, including the following services:<br />
Feasibility studies<br />
Technological biogas upgrading designs<br />
supply contract management<br />
Planning and pollution control permit coordination<br />
Grid connection design<br />
Financing concepts<br />
Biomethane trading<br />
Certification<br />
Maintenance and operation concepts<br />
Currently, we are focusing on gas upgrading extensions of existing<br />
biogas plants in a raw biogas capacity range from 500 to<br />
2000 m3 /h. We are presently developing more than 30 projects<br />
all over Germany, e.g. in Feldberg and Wittenburg. Furthermore,<br />
Landwärme is active in project development in Eastern<br />
Europe.<br />
Landwärme GmbH<br />
Zoltan Elek<br />
Project development for biogas upgrade and feed-in<br />
Ungererstrasse 40, D-80802 München, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)89 33 08 86 36<br />
Fax +49 (0)89 33 08 85 96<br />
info@landwaerme.de<br />
www.landwaerme.de<br />
60 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
MT-BioMethan GmbH<br />
Corporate.portrait..<br />
MT-BioMethan GmbH was founded in May, 2008. The company,<br />
originally an offshoot from the former gas treatment business<br />
division of MT-Energie GmbH & Co. KG, supplies a complete<br />
range of services in gas refinement and feeding.<br />
The facilities are manufactured in series with three parallel<br />
manufacturing stations at our new location in Zeven. We have<br />
the combined knowhow and experience of twenty-five specialists<br />
from the energy industry, plant construction and process as<br />
well as chemical engineering on our staff.<br />
MT-BioMethan GmbH gas refinement technology is based on<br />
the BCM-Process® designed by DGE Dr. Ing. Günther Engineering<br />
GmbH based in Wittenberg, a non-pressurised amine washing<br />
process that refines biogas to natural gas grade for feeding<br />
into the gas supply network. Unlike conventional refinement<br />
processes, the BCM-Process® excels in extremely low methane<br />
losses of less than 0.1 percent while reaching very high methane<br />
concentrations in excess of 99 percent.<br />
MT-BioMethan GmbH<br />
Supplier for complete biogas processing, feeding<br />
and transport technology<br />
Karsten Wünsche<br />
Ludwig-Elsbett-Strasse 1, D-27404 Zeven, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)4281 98 45-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)4281 98 45 -100<br />
www.mt-biomethan.com<br />
www.mt-biomethan.com
naWaro BioEnergie aG<br />
NAWARO.BioEnergie.AG.<strong>–</strong>.Biogas.production.on.the.industrial.<br />
scale..<br />
.<br />
The naWaro BioEnergie aG was founded in 2005 in Leipzig. Its<br />
business model is the planning, construction and operation of<br />
industrial scale bioenergy parks.<br />
With the „naWaro BioEnergie Park „Klarsee“, the company<br />
started operation of the world’s largest plant park for power<br />
generation from biogas with a capacity of 20 Mwel in 2006.<br />
since june 2009, the naWaro BioEnergie Park „Güstrow“ is<br />
feeding biomethane into the natural gas grid. With a capacity<br />
of 55 MW , this plant is the world’s largest plant for the produc-<br />
th<br />
tion of biomethane based on renewable primary sources <strong>–</strong> yet<br />
again setting a new standard.<br />
all sites developed by the naWaro BioEnergie aG are based on<br />
an industrial approach guaranteeing an efficient plant capacity<br />
utilisation and thus the best possible resource recovery. all work<br />
processes are subject to permanent optimisation by naWaro’s<br />
own research and development.<br />
Thus, naWaro makes a contribution to the clean, secure and<br />
affordable future energy production.<br />
NAWARO BioEnergie AG<br />
Planning, construction and operation of industrial scale biomethane<br />
production plants<br />
Frau Kristin Rother, Assistant to the Board<br />
Liviastraße 8, 04105 Leipzig, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)341 231 02 85<br />
Fax +49 (0)341 231 02 61<br />
kristin_rother@nawaro.ag<br />
www.nawaro.ag<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
n. v. nederlandse Gasunie<br />
Gasunie is the first European gas transport company with a<br />
cross-border network in the netherlands and Germany. The<br />
excellent quality of our gas infrastructure, its strategic location,<br />
its numerous connections to international gas flows and the<br />
high levels of knowledge and experience of our staff, ensure<br />
that our network forms the core of what is called the northwest<br />
European “gas roundabout”.<br />
Gasunie is also the first company in Europe to issue certificates<br />
for trading green gas, which we do through our subsidiary<br />
vertogas. vertogas guarantees the origin of the green gas for<br />
each certificate it issues. This contributes to the successful evolution<br />
of the market for green gas in the netherlands and other<br />
countries in Europe.<br />
The role of natural gas will gradually change, given that the<br />
provision of renewable energy sources is entirely dependent<br />
on the weather and therefore variable. Gas-fired power plants<br />
can be quickly regulated and brought in to compensate for<br />
fluctuations in the availability of solar and wind power. natural<br />
gas thus acts as a back bone and facilitator for renewable energy<br />
sources. and the addition of green gas, such as biogas, to natural<br />
gas will of course make the natural gas itself increasingly<br />
sustainable.<br />
N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie<br />
Gasunie is a European natural gas infrastructure company<br />
Concourslaan 17, NL-9727 KC Groningen, Netherlands<br />
Tel +31 (0)50 521 21 42<br />
Fax +31 (0)50 521 19 99<br />
info@gasunie.nl<br />
www.gasunie.nl<br />
Gasunie Deutschland GmbH & Co.KG<br />
Pelikanplatz 5, D-30177 Hannover, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)511 64 06 07-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)511 64 06 07-1100<br />
info@gasunie.de<br />
www.gasunie.de<br />
61
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
ÖKoBiT GmbH<br />
Multi-feedstock.engineering.services.for.every.biogas.<br />
and..biomethane.project..<br />
Upgrading and feeding biogas into the natural gas grid is the<br />
most efficient possible use of biomethane. ÖKoBiT combines<br />
location-specific feedstock concepts with optimized biogas<br />
system engineering services and upgrades individually tailored<br />
to customer needs.<br />
The individual standards of gas grid operators are decisive in<br />
determining which biogas processing method is best in a given<br />
situation, although the pressure washing method is usually<br />
most favourable. From the fermentation of grass, renewable<br />
primary products and organic material ranging from liquid<br />
manure to food waste, ÖKoBiT offers multi-feedstock engineering<br />
services for every biomethane project.<br />
The ÖKoBiT name means technical expertise and flawless<br />
operation, whether one requires consulting, site selection,<br />
feedstock safety services, or complete project implementation.<br />
Innovative, reliable, cost-effective, and raL-certified!<br />
ÖKOBiT GmbH<br />
Full-service provider for Biogas-/BioErdgasanlagen <strong>–</strong><br />
Project/Construction/Service<br />
Achim Nottinger<br />
Jean-Monnet-Strasse 12, D-54343 Föhren, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)6502 938 59-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)6502 938 59-29<br />
info@oekobit.com<br />
www.oekobit.com<br />
62 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
PlanET Biogastechnik<br />
GmbH<br />
Company.portrait..<br />
PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH is one of the leading biogas plant<br />
contractors in Europe. The portfolio ranges from the conception,<br />
planning and design, the installation of the plants, the<br />
upgrade from biogas to natural gas quality to service and biological<br />
support. More than 130 people are currently employed<br />
in the national and international locations. PlanET has already<br />
designed and built more than 170 biogas plants in Germany, the<br />
netherlands, Belgium, Canada and japan. The scope reaches<br />
from agricultural to industrial standard. The construction<br />
kit sYsTEMBIoGas is an innovative interface management<br />
enabling customers to upgrade their biogas plants at any time.<br />
any component of the product portfolio is built up as a modular<br />
unit, offering a high level of flexibility.<br />
Trust.the.quality.leader.<strong>–</strong>.Upgrade.of.biogas.<br />
The specialist counselling “Biogas Upgrade” of PlanET Bio gastechnik<br />
offers consultancy for farmers, energy and engineering<br />
companies. The aim is to find the most efficient and profitable<br />
procedure for biogas upgrade. This selection depends on various<br />
parameters, analysed and presented by especially skilled<br />
staff. PlanET provides the latest upgrade technology due to a<br />
tight network to any relevant international manufacturer of<br />
upgrade technology.<br />
as a matter of course we offer potential customers guided bio-<br />
gas tours to biogas plants with latest aD technology. Please do<br />
not hesitate to contact us for further information!<br />
PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH<br />
Turn Key Biogas plants and Biogas upgrade<br />
Marlies Mensing<br />
Up de Hacke 26, 48691 Vreden, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)2564 3950 171<br />
m.messing@planet-biogas.com<br />
www.planet-biogas.com
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
PrIMaGas GmbH Propan-Gesellschaft mbH<br />
Specialist.on.liquid.gas.for.gas.upgrading..<br />
With PrIMaGas biogas plant constructors, consumers and<br />
small and medium enterprises rely on an innovative and service-efficient<br />
partner, who is quickly in every corner of Germany.<br />
since more than 50 years PrIMaGas is standing for a secure<br />
supply with liquid gas. as a part of sHv Gas, a worldwide operating<br />
group of companies, PrIMaGas benefits from comprehensive<br />
resources and perfected logistics. The gas comes from close<br />
sources, from German refineries and the north sea area. Interim<br />
storage facilities of several thousands tons liquid gas assure the<br />
supply anytime.<br />
a close-mashed distribution network and a nationwide service<br />
allows PrIMaGas to be fast approachable for its customers<br />
everywhere. This includes amongst others consultancy on-site<br />
and prompt delivery of energy. PrIMaGas regional centers are<br />
situated in Krefeld (West), Dresden (ost) and Würzburg (süd).<br />
additionally PrIMaGas works together with more than 6000<br />
sales partners. The service of PrIMaGas is TÜv-certified.<br />
PrIMaGas has emerged in the last years to a demanded partner<br />
of biogas plants. The biogas is upgraded to natural gas quality,<br />
under enrichment with liquid gas, to be injected to the public<br />
gas grid later. With PrIMaGas liquid gas the high quality standard<br />
of network operators is assured.<br />
PRIMAGAS GmbH<br />
Trading with liquid gas, planning and construction<br />
of liquid gas plants for gas upgrading<br />
Marco Fischell<br />
Luisenstrasse 113, D-47799 Krefeld, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)2151 852-235<br />
Fax +49 (0)2151 852-340<br />
mfischell@primagas.de<br />
www.primagas.de<br />
Propan-Gesellschaft.<strong>–</strong>.Your.liquefied.gas.partner.for.biogas.feed-in..<br />
Propan-Gesellschaft specializes in the construction, operation,<br />
and supply of large container facilities throughout Germany.<br />
With its own planning department, facility construction team,<br />
and extensive expert knowledge, the company is guaranteed to<br />
be the right partner for biogas facility builders and grid operators.<br />
The German Eichgesetz (verification act) requires that<br />
liquefied gas be used to enhance the quality of biogas that is fed<br />
into the natural gas system. Propan-Gesellschaft, a member of<br />
the Deutscher verband Flüssiggas (German Liquefied Gas association),<br />
upholds the stringent quality standards established<br />
for liquefied gas in DIn 51622.<br />
For 60 years, the name Propan-Gesellschaft has stood for a<br />
reliable supply of liquefied gas <strong>–</strong> and not only for large container<br />
facilities, but also in the case of small tanks, gas bottles,<br />
and in the autogas segment. The gas is produced at refineries<br />
in Europe and the north sea area and delivered via large tank<br />
warehouses using our own fleet of tanker trucks and specific<br />
shipping providers.<br />
Economic efficiency, individuality, customized end-to-end solu-<br />
tions from a single source <strong>–</strong> that’s the company philosophy of<br />
Propan-Gesellschaft! This spring alone, several large container<br />
facilities are scheduled to be built in the states of Brandenburg,<br />
Hessen, and Baden-Württemberg.<br />
Propan-Gesellschaft is your partner when it comes to realizing<br />
new biogas projects!<br />
Propan-Gesellschaft mbH<br />
Liquefied Gas Supplier / Enhancement of Biogas<br />
Björn Briesemeister, Executive, Sales Manager large container<br />
facilities<br />
Hammer Deich 134 <strong>–</strong>140, 20537 Hamburg, Germany<br />
Tel+49 (0)40 21 11 02-50<br />
Fax +49 (0)40 21 77 58<br />
bb@propan.de<br />
www.propangesellschaft.de<br />
63
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
ProTech Energiesysteme<br />
GmbH<br />
Engineering.and.Installation..<br />
ProTech delivers turn-key solutions with standardized ECoMaX<br />
LPG tanks, vaporizers, and gas blenders for example for digester<br />
gas conditioning. Under German law, we are a registered<br />
company for gas, heating, and electrical installations as well as<br />
cathodic corrosion protection.<br />
Approval.<br />
We are specialized in carrying out official applications required<br />
by regulations and laws. standardized submissions help us to<br />
achieve short approval periods.<br />
Service.<br />
ProTech services all gas installations, carries out mandatory<br />
periodic inspections, and competently provides instructions,<br />
and training to operator personnel, as required by law. The<br />
company has established a 24 hour hotline for emergencies. For<br />
assessments or surveys registered experts for gas installations<br />
are in-house available.<br />
as a member of the Tyczka Group we collaborate with gas<br />
companies to offer flexible solutions in gas supply. Fill-levels are<br />
transmitted remotely to provide a high quality of on-time gas<br />
delivery.<br />
ProTech is registered according to Iso 9001:2008 und sCC**.<br />
ProTech Energiesysteme GmbH<br />
Gas and Energy Systems<br />
Hannes K. Junginger, Managing Director<br />
Oelgrabenstrasse 13, D-71292 Friolzheim, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)7044 94 22-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)7044 94 22-29<br />
info@protech.de<br />
www.www.protech.de<br />
64 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
Law firm schnutenhaus<br />
& Kollegen<br />
schnutenhaus & Kollegen is a highly specialised energy law firm.<br />
We have been dealing closely with the legal and contractual<br />
basic conditions of biogas feed-in from the outset and offer comprehensive<br />
legal support of gas feed-in projects. Based in Berlin,<br />
currently seven attorneys (rechtsanwälte) advise clients in all<br />
parts of Germany. Due to our concentration on energy, climate<br />
protection and renewable energies, we offer a high level of legal<br />
expertise, economic and technical know-how for the needs of<br />
our clients, and long-standing experience in these sectors. Depending<br />
on the project, we cooperate with consulting engineers,<br />
auditors, tax consultants, business consultants and banks.<br />
Authorisation..<br />
The requirements for the construction and operation of gasprocessing<br />
and gas feed-in plants are numerous. a standard<br />
authorisation procedure has not been established yet. We support<br />
plant operators in all legal issues related to planning and<br />
the authorisation process.<br />
Grid.connection..<br />
The legal framework of biogas feed-in has been hugely improved<br />
with the amended Gas Grid access ordinance on access<br />
to the gas grid. In practice, the grid connection is still an obstacle<br />
for many gas feed-in projects. We support plant operators in<br />
speedy implementation of grid connection.<br />
Drafting.contracts..<br />
From the installation of a biogas plant to the energy usage of<br />
bio methane, the drafting of contracts requires special care in<br />
gas feed-in projects. The project partners have to specify their<br />
areas of responsibility clearly and agree on contractual provisions<br />
which are fair to the interests of all involved.<br />
Schnutenhaus & Kollegen<br />
Legal support for biogas feed-in projects<br />
Rechtsanwalt Hartwig von Bredow<br />
Reinhardtstrasse 29B, D-10117 Berlin, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)30 25 92 96-30<br />
Fax +49 (0)30 25 92 96-40<br />
info@schnutenhaus-kollegen.de<br />
www.schnutenhaus-kollegen.de
Es Projects GmbH<br />
Partner.for.biomethane.projects.<strong>–</strong>.consulting,.development,.<br />
operating.enhancement..<br />
In 2003, rEs Projects GmbH has been involved in the development<br />
and control of the first biomethane feeding-in project in<br />
Germany. since then, rEs successfully has accomplished many<br />
other biomethane projects.<br />
By technical specialization and interdisciplinary consulting<br />
teams, we cover the entire biogas value-added chain and<br />
bundle all skills for consulting, development and operational<br />
enhancement of biomethane projects. With a proven project<br />
approach and comprehensive experience from numerous<br />
projects, we daily work with passion towards a sustainable and<br />
locally rooted energy supply of the future. In partnership with<br />
our customers we realize this vision <strong>–</strong> rEs is ‘energy for generations’.<br />
With our range of services, rEs Projects paves the way for<br />
feeding-in biogas into the public natural gas network.<br />
Gas network connection / Feasibility studies / Initial operation /<br />
Technology consulting / Funding concept / substrate analysis /<br />
Logistics concept / site selection / Project management / Investor<br />
identification / Profitability calculation / Public relations /<br />
operation enhancement / approval process / Tender / Project<br />
development / Public funding / Contractual affairs<br />
RES Projects GmbH<br />
Consulting, development and control of biomethane projects<br />
Andreas Schramm<br />
Ganghoferstrasse 68a, D-80339 München, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)89 316 05 79-560<br />
Fax +49 (0)89 316 05 79-888<br />
a.schramm@res-projects.de<br />
www.res-projects.de<br />
rWE vertrieb aG<br />
RWE Vertrieb AG<br />
Christian Kissler<br />
Freistuhl 7, D-44137 Dortmund, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)231 438-08<br />
Fax +49 (0)231 438-3080<br />
www.rwe.com<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
In the summer of 2009, rWE put a plant with bio-methane feed-<br />
ing of around 15,600 nm 3 per day into operation in Güterglück<br />
in saxony-anhalt, equating to a bio-methane generation of 52<br />
million kWh per year. It suffices to provide the equivalent of<br />
about 6,000 households or a district heating power plant with<br />
a rating of three MW with gas around the clock. over 50,000<br />
el<br />
tonnes of regenerative raw materials will be used annually <strong>–</strong><br />
mainly maize silage, intercrop fruit and liquid manure.<br />
a similar plant is also built in Bergheim-Paffendorf (north<br />
rhine-Westphalia). Here too, up to 15,600 nm3 refined biogas<br />
will be produced.<br />
With the use of liquid manure, rWE is developing a completely<br />
new plant concept. The company has entered into an alli-<br />
ance with the agricultural federation “Westfälisch- Lippischer<br />
Landwirtschaftsverband”. The goal is to build biogas plant<br />
operating almost completely on liquid manure. To do that, the<br />
fermentation residues are refined in an innovative process into<br />
high-quality manure, which can be spread on the fields outside<br />
the refining region in Münsterland instead of the original<br />
manure, reducing excess soil nutrients in regions with intensive<br />
animal husbandry. The production of biogas and marketing of<br />
manure creates additional sources of income for the farmers.<br />
The construction of a pilot plant is expected to start in 2010. The<br />
plant will be designed for 9 MW and could thus feed 60 GWh of<br />
th<br />
bio-methane gas and 8 GWh of electricity into the public grid.<br />
In total, rWE plans to build up to 10 plants with refining and<br />
feeding into Germany’s natural gas grid by 2012.<br />
65
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
Thüga Energie GmbH<br />
Thüga Energie GmbH is a modern, customer-oriented energy<br />
supplier belonging to Thüga aG, the largest municipal energy<br />
group in Germany. approx. 145,000 customers in the regions<br />
of Hegau (south of Baden-Württemberg), the area west of Lake<br />
Constance, allgäu-Upper swabia and rhine-Hesse-Palatinate<br />
are supplied with electricity, natural gas and heat.<br />
renewable energies are not only an integral part of the range<br />
of products offered, but Thüga Energie GmbH also invests in<br />
most recent technologies. The latest major project is a biogas<br />
treatment plant operated in co-operation with the companies<br />
Franz rupp Gaserzeugung Gbr and Brv <strong>–</strong> Biologische reststoff<br />
verwertung GmbH.<br />
More.efficiency.thanks.to.innovative.technology.<br />
In its biogas plant located in Kisslegg-rahmhaus the company<br />
Franz rupp recycles foodstuffs which are unfit for consumption.<br />
The ultra-modern treatment plant, put into operation in May<br />
2010, transforms the gas mixture into a biogas which reaches<br />
natural gas quality.<br />
Thanks to the innovative membrane technology used in the bi-<br />
ogas plant, the treatment of the gas is possible without the need<br />
of process water or chemical detergents.<br />
The processed bio-natural gas is fed into the natural gas grid<br />
and can be used as fuel and energy source. With the biogas<br />
generated in Kisslegg it is possible to supply approx. 1,000<br />
households in the future.<br />
Thüga Energie GmbH<br />
York-Alexander Batsch (Thüga AG in Munich)<br />
Manager Renewable Energy and Systems Engineering<br />
Industriestr. 9, 78224 Singen<br />
Tel +49 (0) 89 38197-0<br />
york-alexander.batsch@thuega.de<br />
www.thuega-energie.de<br />
66 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
TÜv norD Group<br />
Based on many years of experience, the TÜv norD Group (with<br />
more than 8.500 employees worldwide) has comprehensive<br />
know-how in certification of green electricity and biogas products<br />
as well as in the appraisal and final inspection of biogas <strong>–</strong><br />
and upgrade plants.<br />
The clients of TÜv norD Group are provided with support, from<br />
the planning phase through the approval process up to safe<br />
and environmentally-friendly operation of the plant. a further<br />
important aspect is the legal compliance of operational and<br />
systems management within the company as a whole.<br />
The environmental assessment organisation of TÜv norD<br />
Group fulfils the legal requirements needed to check remuneration<br />
claims of biogas plant operators. If the rules of EEC 2009 are<br />
adhered to, operators can claim different types of bonus (e.g.<br />
technology bonus, waste heat use, use of renewable resources<br />
and liquid manure).<br />
TÜV NORD Group<br />
Biogas-related assessments and certifications<br />
Florian Schneichel (EEG, Certification Biogas)<br />
fschneichel@tuev-nord.de<br />
Max Westphalen (Safety System)<br />
mwestphalen@tuev-nord.de<br />
Uta Preußker-Thimm (Odour and sound emission measurement)<br />
upreussker-thimm@tuev-nord.de<br />
Locations:<br />
Langemarckstrasse 20, D-45141 Essen, Germany<br />
Tel +49(0)201 825-0<br />
Am TÜV 1, D-30519 Hannover, Germany<br />
Tel +49(0)511 986-0<br />
Große Bahnstraße 31, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany<br />
Tel +49(0)40 85 57-0<br />
www.tuev-nord.de/en
TÜv sÜD Industrie<br />
service GmbH<br />
TÜv sÜD has long-standing international experience in the<br />
field of energy certification. We provide certification services<br />
for traditional ecopower products, generation of tradable<br />
certificates and renewable energy plants. our latest TÜv sÜDservice<br />
“GreenMethane” offers the certification of biogas which<br />
is fed into the natural gas grid.<br />
The certification service is designed for:<br />
operators of plants for biogas generation and grid injection<br />
Traders of biomethane<br />
Providers of biomethane end user products<br />
network operators<br />
Documentation and verification of the plant technology and<br />
feedstock are vital due to the physical separation of production<br />
and consumption. The TÜv sÜD standard GreenMethane<br />
provides a reliable system for documentation, auditing and certification.<br />
Market participants holding this certificate benefit<br />
from the new regulations of the European renewable Energies<br />
Directive, the German renewable Energies Heat act, the<br />
German renewable Energy sources act (EEG) and the biofuels<br />
sustainability ordinance.<br />
TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH<br />
Certification of biogas, which is fed into the natural gas grid<br />
Elena Schmidt<br />
Westendstraße 199, 80686 München, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0) 89 57 91 34 11<br />
Fax +49 (0) 89 57 91 27 56<br />
elena.schmidt@tuev-sued.de<br />
www.tuev-sued.de/energie-zertifizierung<br />
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
WELtec BioPower GmbH<br />
Established in 2001, WELtec BioPower GmbH is a leading<br />
provider of complete biogas plants. Based on the long-standing<br />
experience of the parent companies and the modern approach<br />
of young engineers, the company, with its staff of 55, offers<br />
complete solutions from one source.<br />
as the hydrogen sulphide and ammonia compounds contained<br />
in biogas corrode unprotected parts, WELtec makes use of stainless<br />
steel fermenters, ensuring a long life of the plant. WELtec<br />
BioPower uses only proven system components and develops<br />
most of the technologies internally, such as fermenter technology,<br />
mixing technology, control technology, sanitation systems,<br />
and digestate processing solutions. Thanks to its advanced<br />
production depth, WELtec does not need to purchase any parts<br />
or material and guarantees a consistently high quality around<br />
the globe. WELtec BioPower biogas plants are characterised by<br />
a modular structure. This enables individual and flexible solutions.<br />
In Könnern (saxony-anhalt) WELtec BioPower has built one of<br />
the largest biogas-parks in the world with upgrading facilities<br />
and direct feed-in of biomethane into the public grid, where 15<br />
million cubic metres of biomethane are fed into the grid. Currently,<br />
WELtec BioPower is planning and building more biogas<br />
parks with direct gas feed-in, such as Barsikow, Brandenburg,<br />
which will generate 4,8 million cubic metres of biomethane per<br />
year from late 2010 on.<br />
WELtec BioPower GmbH is one of the first providers of complete<br />
biogas plants to be certified by TÜv rheinland according to the<br />
environmental management standard DIn En Iso 14001:2004<br />
and the quality management standard DIn En Iso 9001:2000.<br />
WELtec BioPower GmbH<br />
Sales Director Hajo Schierhold<br />
Zum Langenberg 2, D-49377 Vechta, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)4441 999 78-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)4441 999 78-8<br />
info@weltec-biopower.de<br />
www.weltec-biopower.de<br />
67
Companies.and.Market.Players.<br />
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS<br />
Windwärts Energie GmbH<br />
Windwärts Energie GmbH develops, finances and operates<br />
projects with renewable energy. subsidiaries are based in<br />
France, Italy and Greece.<br />
Projects.from.one.source..<br />
In the biogas business area, Windwärts Energie GmbH develops<br />
projects from testing feasibility to securing sites and feed<br />
stock used, through to implementation and launch. It ensures<br />
sustainable funding and also remains responsible for the<br />
continuous operation of the systems. In addition, projects in all<br />
development stages are assumed.<br />
The company plans biogas plants with a direct feeding-in of<br />
biogas into the natural gas network with a power of at least<br />
300 m3 /h of biomethane or a power of 500 kW with local heat<br />
el<br />
utilisation. a special focus is on active and open communication<br />
with residents and business partners, as well as close cooperation<br />
with municipalities and farmers.<br />
Windwärts Energie GmbH was founded in 1994, employs<br />
a workforce of 71 in Germany and has realized total of 124<br />
wind turbines and 24 photovoltaic plants with an total capacity<br />
of 215 MW.<br />
Windwärts Energie GmbH<br />
Renewable energy projects<br />
Fred Wokittel<br />
Plaza de Rosalia 1, D-30449 Hannover, Germany<br />
Tel +49 (0)511 12 35 73-0<br />
Fax +49 (0)511 12 35 73-19<br />
info@windwaerts.de<br />
www.windwaerts.de<br />
68 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E
abbreviations.<br />
BtL Biomass-to-Liquid<br />
BHKW Blockheizkraftwerk<br />
CH Methane<br />
4<br />
CHP Cogeneration of Heat and Power<br />
CO Carbon Dioxide<br />
2<br />
DVGW (Deutsche Vereinigung des Gas- und Wasserfaches)<br />
German Technical and Scientifical Association for Gas and Water<br />
DEA Diethanol Amine Washing<br />
DP (Druckstufe) Pressure Stage<br />
EEG (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) German Renewable Energy<br />
Sources Act<br />
EEWärmeG (Erneuerbare Energien-Wärme-Gesetz) German<br />
Renewable Energy Heat Act<br />
FNR (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe) German Agency for<br />
Renewable Resources<br />
GasNZV (Gasnetzzugangsverordnung) German Gas Network<br />
Access Ordinance<br />
GWh Gigawatt Hour<br />
H S Hydrogen Sulphide<br />
2<br />
IEKP (Integriertes Energie- und Klimaprogramm) Integrated<br />
Energy and Climate Programme<br />
kWh Kilowatt Hour<br />
MEA Monoethanol Amine Washing<br />
MWh Megawatt Hour<br />
NH Ammonia<br />
3<br />
Nm3 Normal Cubic Meter<br />
PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption<br />
PWS Pressurised Water Scrubbing<br />
Abbreviations.<br />
69
Glossary..<br />
Glossary.<br />
Anaerobic biological decomposition Degradation of organic<br />
substance with the help of anaerobic bacteria; one effect is<br />
biogas release.<br />
Biogas Product of the anaerobic biologic decomposition of<br />
organic substances. Consists of 45 <strong>–</strong>70 percent methane, 30 <strong>–</strong>55<br />
percent carbon dioxide, marginal amounts of nitrate, sulphide<br />
and other trace gases. In legal texts and ordinances, the term<br />
biogas may also relate to gas upgraded to natural gas quality (also<br />
called “Bio- Natural Gas” or “Biomethane”). For gas right after the<br />
fermentation process, the terms raw biogas or bio-raw gas are<br />
often used.<br />
Biomethane Coinage, Term for methane of biological origin,<br />
applied for biogas upgraded to natural gas quality, synonym for<br />
bio-natural gas.<br />
Bio-natural gas Coinage, term for biogas upgraded to natural<br />
gas quality and injected into the natural gas grid, synonym for<br />
biomethane.<br />
Cogeneration of Heat and Power Simultaneous conversion of<br />
implanted energy in mechanical / electrical energy and useable<br />
heat. In a cogeneration process, the energy included in an energy<br />
source (e.g. biogas) is efficiently used since the heat generated<br />
during the power production process is used for the heating of<br />
production processes.<br />
Desulphurisation Biogas upgrade process step in which the<br />
sulphur portion included in raw biogas is removed in a biological<br />
and/or chemical process.<br />
Digestate Biogas production residues after fermentation<br />
Energy plants Plants grown specifically for energy utilisation,<br />
whose energy is made usable by processes of fermentation,<br />
burning and gasification.<br />
Fermentation Multi-stage process in which organic substances<br />
are degraded under conditions of oxygen deficiency and moist<br />
surroundings. One product of this process is biogas, synonym for<br />
digestion.<br />
H-Gas (Natural Gas H) Gas classification, in which “H“ stands for<br />
“high“. Natural gas of this quality possesses a calorific value of<br />
ca.12 kWh/Nm 3<br />
Injection Process of the feeding of biomethane into the natural<br />
gas grid.<br />
70 B I o G a s P a r T n E r <strong>–</strong> a j o I n T I n I T I a T I v E<br />
L-Gas (Natural Gas L) Gas classification, in which “L“ stands for<br />
“low“. Natural gas of this quality possesses a calorific value of<br />
ca.10 KWh/Nm 3<br />
Manure Collective term for dung and urine of agricultural farm<br />
animals, possibly together with litter<br />
Normal Cubic Metre (Nm 3 ) Measuring unit for the amount of gas<br />
which under “normal conditions” equals the volume of a cubic<br />
metre. Normal conditions include a 1.01325 bar pressure level,<br />
0 percent humidity and a temperature of 0 °C (DIN 1343) or 15 °C<br />
(ISO 2533)<br />
Proof of Origin Certifiacte stating that a biomethane quantity<br />
taken from the natural gas grid equals the amount of biomethane<br />
fed into the natural gas at another point of injection regarding<br />
quality and amount. Especially important for the validation<br />
of EEG-feed-in tariffs (such as the renewable primary products<br />
bonus) for power generated from biomethane.<br />
PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption<br />
Raw Biogas Biogas in the raw state right after the fermentation<br />
process (before upgrade processes). Often also referred to as<br />
bio-raw gas.<br />
Renewable Primary Products Collective term for resources<br />
generated in agriculture and forestry operations such as wood,<br />
flax, rape, sugar substances and starch from beets, potatoes or<br />
corn. As well as plants for energy use, the term also includes plants<br />
or industrial use.<br />
Upgrade Process to enrich the quality of biogas. A CO 2 -separation<br />
(= methane enrichment) is necessary to achieve natural gas<br />
quality by increasing the methane portion of raw biogas (45 <strong>–</strong>70<br />
percent) to the local quality (natural gas L ca. 85 percent, natural<br />
gas H up to 99 percent).<br />
Wobbe Index Data used for the quality characterisation of<br />
com bustion gases. Similar Wobbe data points to the interchangeability<br />
of gases without further modifications of combustion<br />
nozzles, for example.
Publisher.<br />
Deutsche Energie-agentur GmbH (dena)<br />
German Energy agency<br />
renewable Energies<br />
Chausseestrasse 128 a<br />
10115 Berlin, Germany<br />
Tel: +49 (0)30 72 61 65-600<br />
Fax: +49 (0)30 72 61 65-699<br />
E-mail.<br />
info@dena.de<br />
Internet.<br />
www.<strong>biogaspartner</strong>.com<br />
www.dena.de<br />
Editor.<br />
dena<br />
Michael Herr<br />
alexandra Lermen<br />
sandra rostek<br />
Layout.<br />
Katrin schek, kursiv, Berlin.<br />
Photos.<br />
aboutpixel.de/Fischlein/Gastmann, B.KWK e. v., BMr e. v.,<br />
DvGW e. v., erdgas schwaben gmbh, Erdgas Mark Brandenburg<br />
GmbH , Landwärme GmbH, MT-BioMethan GmbH, ÖKoBiT<br />
GmbH, rWE Energy aG, schmack Biogas aG, digitalstock.de,<br />
pixelio.de<br />
Printed.by:<br />
H&P Druck, Berlin<br />
Date: 5/2010<br />
Important.Note.<br />
all rights reserved. any use is subject to consent by dena.<br />
all content has been prepared with the greatest possible care<br />
and is provided in good faith. dena provides no guarantee<br />
regarding the currency, accuracy and completeness of the<br />
information provided. dena accepts no liability for damages of a<br />
tangible or intangible nature caused directly or indirectly by the<br />
use of or failure to use the information provided, unless dena<br />
can be proven to have acted with intent or gross negligence.<br />
This publication was prepared with the kind support of the<br />
partners in the <strong>biogaspartner</strong> project.<br />
71
The.platform.for.biogas.grid.injection..<br />
www.<strong>biogaspartner</strong>.com<br />
Article.No..5004
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