Youth and Oil & Gas Governance in Ghana - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung ...

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Youth and Oil & Gas Governance inGhanaployment rate. Unemployment is mainly an urban phenomenonwith 11 percent in the cities compared to 4.3 percent in the ruralareas. Underemployment is a phenomenon in the rural areas witharound 12 percent (2003). 19 Unfortunately, there are no reliablestatistics on the unemployment situation in Ghana.This development calls to question the premises for government’sintervention on the youth unemployment situation.Limited or, in some cases, non-existent opportunities for constructivepolitical engagement are a key challenge to young people inGhana, particularly for those without personal connections remaina key challenge to youth development. The exclusion of youngpeople in governance and decision-making even on issues thatdirectly affect them remain a key challenge. Many programmesand projects targeted at youth empowerment have been plannedfor the youth. The failure of some of such projects and policiescan be attributed to improper consultation of young people inthe process. Many discussions and deliberations have been madesince the announcement of Ghana’s oil discovery; however, youngpeople who are beneficiaries and victims of such decisions havehad little or no opportunities to engage with stakeholders.Young people remain susceptible to manipulation to engage inviolence. In most conflicts across Ghana and elsewhere in theworld, the youth are used to prosecute violence in religious, ethnic,political, land and other natural resource related conflicts. 20Mainly in the north of Ghana, young people use violent meansto solve land disputes as well as tensions before, during and afterelections. Youths are exposed to the trade and use of illicit drugsand arms. Young people remain vulnerable to alcohol abuse, sexabuse (e.g. sexual harassment or rape), and the HIV/AIDS scourgeamong others.19 UNECA/ECOWAS, Unemployment, Underemployment and VulnerableEmployment in West Africa: Critical Assessment and Strategic Orientations,March 201020 USAID, 200540
Chapter 2Obviously, today’s young generation faces numerous challengesthat affect their quality of life and their ability to reach their fullpotentials. The uncertainties and risks generated by rapid economicgrowth and social change in an increasing globalised worldcombined with lack of education and insufficient social protectionframework will reduces their chances to better their livelihood.Effective laws, policies and strategies create conducive environmentfor seizing opportunities to make the right choices andenables young people to participate fully in nation building.After many years of delay amidst protest from young people ofGhana, government launched a National Youth Policy in August,2010 with the aim of providing opportunity for government toengage the youth and other stakeholders in a meaningful partnershipto develop appropriate interventions and services for youthempowerment. The policy provides guidelines and direction for allstakeholders involved in the implementation of policies and programmesand projects for the development of the youth.Other international and national laws that seek to protect therights of young people and to promote their development include:Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discriminationagainst Women (UN, 1981); Convention on the Rights of theChild (UN, 1989); the Convention on the Elimination of the WorstForms of Child Labour (UN, 1999); The Children’s Act (Act 560),1998; the Juvenile Justice Act (Act 653), 2003 among others.Unfortunately, many Ghanaian organizations and state officialsremain ignorant of these laws and enforcement is very poor.The transformation of Ghana’s economy and society in an oileconomy will partly depend on the opportunities available and theability to make full use of the capabilities of the millions of youngpeople who will join the labour force over the next 10-15 years. 21It is therefore critical to promote active participation of young21 State of Ghana Population Report “Investing in Young People-TheNation’s Precious Asset”, National Population Council, 200641
Page 1 and 2: Admittedly, the discovery of oil in
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Page 7 and 8: ForewordThe discovery of oil in com
Page 9 and 10: Purpose of the StudyPurpose of the
Page 11 and 12: Executive SummaryExecutive SummaryA
Page 13 and 14: ContentsContentsAcknowledgement 3Fo
Page 15 and 16: ContentsGovernment and corporate ag
Page 17 and 18: List of TablesList of Tables1. Expe
Page 21 and 22: List of FiguresList of Figures1. Wh
Page 23: List of MapsList of MapsGhana’s O
Page 27 and 28: find job opportunities immediately.
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2Chapter 2Overview of Ghana
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2(18.6%). However, in terms
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2Effects of oil productionW
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2plan was already on the ta
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 2ExcurseTraditional Ghanaia
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 2opment of the country. For
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Chapter 7Chapter 7Youth opinion on
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Chapter 7most respondents do not kn
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Chapter 7• Clauses 46 to 48 provi
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Chapter 7and not the full document.
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Chapter 7Government and corporate a
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Chapter 7not considered to be a cle
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Chapter 7Respondents from the Ashan
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Chapter 7how it could be used for j
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Chapter 7bilee Field has made a glo
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Chapter 8capacity and skills necess
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Figure 14 shows that half of the re
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Chapter 9Chapter 9Media, Community
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Chapter 9Information flow on the oi
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Chapter 9Region, the heart and sour
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Chapter 9be counted due to the high
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Chapter 11Chapter 11Possible Centre
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Chapter 11T.R. Gurr (1970), page 13
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Chapter 11T.R.Gurr (1970), p. 46 an
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Chapter 11Possible Sources of Confl
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Chapter 11• Participation -- is t
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Chapter 11frustration will be proje
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Chapter 11Therefore, the Government
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BibliographyBibliographyUkeje, C. (
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BibliographyNii Moi Thompson and Le
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