Journal 1pages FINAL 34- - National Board Of Examination

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cancer.Am J Med 1994;97:418.9. O’Connel MEA,A’Hern RP, HarmerCL, Results of external beamradiotherapy in differentiated thyroidcarcinoma: a retrospective study fromRoyal Marsden Hospital . Eur J Cancer1994 ;30A:733-9,10.Simpson WJ,Panzarella T, CarruthersJS,Gospodarowicz MK,SutcliffeSB.Papillery and follicular thyroidcancer:impact of treatment in 1578patients.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 198814;1063-75.11. Samaan NA,Schultz PN, HickeyRC,Haynie TP,Johnston DA,OrdonezNG. Well differentiated thyroidcarcinoma and the results of variousnodalities of treatment. A retospectivereview of 1599 patients . J Clin EndocrinolMetab 1992;75:714-20.12 ShelineGE,Galante M, Lindsurg S.Radiationtherapy in the control ofpersistent thyroid cancer.Am J RoentgenolRad Ther Nucl Med 1966;97;923-93013.Venkatesh YSS,Ordonez NG,SchultzPN,et al.Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid.A clinicopathologic study of 121 cases.Cancer 1990 ;66:321-330.14.Farahati J, Reiners C, Stuschke M, etal Differentiated thyroidcancer.Cancer1996 ;77:172-80.15.Simpson W,Sutcliffe S,GospodarowiczM.The Thyroid.In Moss W,Cox J.Radiation Oncology rationale,technique,results.St.Louis;CV Mosby 1989.16. .Perry W. Grigsby The Thyroid inCarlos A.Parez.Luther W.Bradey,EdwardC.Halperin,Rupert K.Schmidt-Ullrich.Principles and paractice of RadiationOncology Pub Lippincott Williams andWilkins 2004 .IV Edition p1190.17.Chung CT,SagermanRH,RyooMC.External irradiation formalignant thyroid tumors.Radiology1980:136:753-75618. Greenfield LD,George FW III,et al.The role of radiationtherapy in medullarythyroid cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1979;(Suppl 1):8119. Greenfield LD,Ucmakli A, GeorgeFW III, et al.The role of radiationtherapyin the treatment of medullary thyroidcancer.Contemp Surg 1981;18:59.20. Halnan KF, The non surgicaltreatment of thyroid cancer.Br J Surg1975;62:76921.Lynn J,Gamvros OI,TaylorS.Medullary carcinoma of thyroid.World JSurg 1981;5:27-32.22.McDayJB,Danoff BF.External beamradiotherapy in the management of locallyinvasive carcinoma of thyroid.Int J RadiatOncol Biol Phys 1978;4(Suppl 2):22623. Schulmberger M, AbdelmoumeneN,Delisle NJ,Couette JE,Grouped’Ekudedes tumours a calcitonine(GETC).Treatment of advancedmedullary thyroid cancer with analternating combination of 5-FUstreptozocinand 5-FU-Dacarbazine.Br JCancer 1995;71:36324.Orlandi F,Cardei P,Berruti A. et al.Chemotherapy with dacarbazine and 5-Flourouracil in advanced medullarythyroid cancer. Ann Oncol 1994;5:763.25.Nguyen TD,Chassard JL,Lagarde P,et al .Results of post operativeradiationtherapy in medullary carcinomaof thyroid cancer by operative resection.Ann Surg 1998;227(6):88726.Mitchell G,Huddart R, Harmer C.Phase II evaluation of high doseaccelerated radiotherapy foranaplastin thyroid carcinoma.RadiotherOncol 1999;50(1):33.27.Kim JH, Leeper RD, Treatment ofanaplastic giant and spindle cellcarcinoma of the thyroid gland withcombination Adriamycin and radiationtherapy; a new approach.Cancer1983;52:954.28.Tallroth E, Wallin G, Lundell G.et alMultimodality treatment of anaplasticgiant cell thyroid carcinoma .Cancer1987;60:142829 Skarsgard ED,Connors JM,RobinsRE. A current analysis of primarylymphoma of thyroid. Arch Surg1991;126:19930. Freidberg MH, Coburn MC, ManchikJM. Role of surgeryin stage I E nonHodgkin’s Lymphoma of thyroid.Surgery1994;116:1061.31.Haugen BRE, Nawaz S, Cohn A. etal . Secondary malignancy of thyroidgland a case report and review ofliterature .Thyroid 1994;4(3):297.32.Cooper D.S,Doherty GM,HaugenBR,et al Management guidelines forpatients with throid nodules anddifferentiated throid cancer. Thyroid2006;16 (2):1-24.33.Mahler C,Verhelst J,DeLonguevilleM,Harris A.Long termtreatment of metastatic medullarycarcinoma with somatostatin analogueoctreotide .Clin Endocrinol 1990;33:261-269.Special placement inhospitals for the DNBcandidates who failrepeatedlyAs a part of the student supportservices for DNB candidates,the Board has identified certainhospitals in major cities, wherecandidates can be placed as observerfor participation in academicactivities. The candidates who wishto utilize these facilities should senttheir request addressed to theExecutive Director, National Boardof Examinations.Journal of Postgraduate Medical Education, Training & ResearchVol. I, No. I & II67
16RecentAdvanceWireless Capsule EndoscopyVishalkumar Shelat & Garvi ShelatCaithness General Hospital, UKHistoryIddan G, Meron G, Glukhovsky A andSwain P published a short paperdescribing miniaturised cameracapsule form of gastrointestinalendoscopy in May 2000. 1 This wasapproved by FDA on 1 st August 2001. InOctober 2003, FDA approved its use inchildren aged 10-18 years. This novelmarvel is available in nearly thirty threecountries worldwide including India.Why need for this device?Small bowel endoscopy is limited by itslength and also by distances fromaccessible orifices. Prior to thedevelopment of capsuleendoscopy, the non surgicalevaluation of patients withobscure gastrointestinalbleeding was limited to pushenteroscopy, Sonde enteroscopy,small bowel follow through X-ray series, small bowel MRenteroclysis, technetium 99mlabelled red blood cell scan andangiography. Twenty sevenpercent of patients with obscureGI bleeding have been shown tohave small bowel lesions. 2Wireless capsule endoscopy is aboon for detecting pathology ofsmall bowel that is difficult byradiology. The data aboutusefulness of this device in successfullylocating pathologies are encouraging. 2however, at present the exact role is yetto be established.The capsule endoscopy system3,4It has three components:(1) The wireless capsule endoscope –disposable biocompatible plasticcapsule weighing 3.7gm and measuring26mm in length with 11mm diameter.The capsule is disposable, resistant togut digestion and is propelled byperistalsis. The contents includecomplimentary metal oxide silicon(CMOS) chip camera, a lens, 4 white lightemitting diode (LED) illuminationsources, 2 silver oxide batteries and aUHF band radio telemetry transmitter.Image features include a 140 degrees fieldof view, 1:8 magnification, 1 to 30mmdepth of view and a minimum size ofdetection of about 0.1mm. The capsuleis in ready to use pack and is activated onremoval from a magnetic holder. The timeelapsed between capsule activation andingestion should not exceed 1 minute.The activated capsule has image accrualand transmission at frequency of 2 framesper second until the battery expires after6-82) Receiver/recorder unit – patientswear an antenna array consisting of 8leads (just similar to 12 leads of ECG)that are connected by wires to therecording unit. Patient also wearsshoulder supported belt pack holding apower supply of 5 nickel 1.2V batteriesand a 305GB hard drive recording device.The antenna array and battery pack can beworn under normal clothing. The patientshould be instructed to never remove thebelt during the examination.(3)Computer workstation –Data are downloaded from beltpack recorder to computerworkstation over 2-3 hourswhere it becomes available tophysician as a digital video. Thesoftware allows the viewer towatch video and to captureindividual frames as video clips.Enhanced software’s aredeveloped that allow capsulelocalisation in correlation tovideo images and highlightingthe images from suspectedbleeding sites.The newly developed capsulethat acquires images from bothends shows high correlationwith the endoscopic views foroesophageal disorders. 5The procedurePatients are instructed overnight fastingand no formal bowel preparation ismandatory. The physician may considerprescribing simethicone to enhanceviewing. Water intake can begin 2 hours68Journal of Postgraduate Medical Education, Training & ResearchVol. I, No. I & II
Page 1 and 2: 9ReviewArticleThyroid Function Test
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Page 7 and 8: Nodular disease of ThyroidOne of th
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Page 15 and 16: 12ReviewArticleSurgical Management
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Journal 1pages FINAL 34- - National Board Of Examination

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