High-resolution Interferometric Diagnostics for Ultrashort Pulses

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4. EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATIONS OF MULTIPLE SPECTRAL SHEARINGINTERFEROMETRY0(a)(b)(c)Shear (nm)−1−2−3395 400 405395 400 405395 400 405λ (nm)λ (nm)λ (nm)Figure 4.11: Individual spectra of upconverted replicas in A arm (a) and B arm (b); (c) SEA-CAR-SPIDER trace.compared to the reference. Figure 4.12 shows the phase of the two-lobed pulse reconstructed usingmultiple shears, along with that obtained using SI. The disagreement (black dotted line) doesnot exceed 0.25rad over the full-width at 10% maximum intensity.4.2.3 Error analysisIn this section I demonstrate the use of the error matrix, introduced in section 3.2, to describe andquantify uncertainty in the spectral phase reconstruction. Figure 4.13 shows several experimentallyobtained E for single- and double-lobed spectra, with blue indicating precise determinationof the relative phase. For a single-lobed spectrum with single-shear reconstruction (Fig. 4.13(a)),E < 0.2rad between all pairs of frequencies down to the 10% intensity level. For a two-lobed spectrumwith a single-shear reconstruction (Fig. 4.13(b)), the error between frequencies of the samelobe is less than 0.4rad but is essentially infinite between the lobes — the off-diagonal terms of E.Using multiple shears reduces E to less than 0.03rad (Fig. 4.13(c)) between all frequencies downto the 10% intensity level.102
4.2 Simultaneous acquisition of shearsφ (rad)20100(a)0.20−0.2Difference (rad)Ĩ (ω)10050(b)02.3 2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.4ω (rad/fs)Figure 4.12: (a) Measured spectral phase (left axis) using multiple-shear SEA-CAR-SPIDER (solidred) and SI (dashed blue); disagreement between the two (dotted black, right axis). (b) Spectralintensity.(a)(b)(c)ωi (rad/fs)2.40.20.12.32.3 2.42.3 2.42.3 2.40ω j (rad/fs)Figure 4.13: Error matrix E for (a) single-lobed spectrum, single-shear reconstruction; (b) doublelobedspectrum, single-shear reconstruction; (c) double-lobed spectrum, multiple-shear reconstruction.Spectra are shown for reference.103
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High-resolution InterferometricDiag
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AcknowledgementsMy supervisor Ian W
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6 High-harmonic generation 1256.1 D
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List of acronymsADK Ammosov, Delone
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Definitions and symbolsAll Fourier
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1. INTRODUCTIONprofile in space as
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2 BackgroundThis dissertation prese
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2.1 Metrology, ultrashort pulses, a
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2.1 Metrology, ultrashort pulses, a
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2.2 Formal introduction to ultrasho
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2.3 Introduction to ultrashort puls
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Page 63 and 64: 2.3 Introduction to ultrashort puls
Page 65 and 66: 2.4 Extending ultrashort metrology
Page 75 and 76: 3 Phase reconstruction algorithm fo
Page 77 and 78: 3.1 Motivationration of information
Page 79 and 80: 3.2 Quantitative noise analysis for
Page 81 and 82: 3.3 Nature of the input datato give
Page 83 and 84: 3.4 Sampling and uniqueness of solu
Page 85 and 86: 3.5 Main algorithmfrom all the shea
Page 87 and 88: 3.5 Main algorithmsituation, Γ k ,
Page 89 and 90: 3.5 Main algorithmfor j = 1,2,...,k
Page 91 and 92: 3.6 Implications for the relative p
Page 93 and 94: 3.7 Signal-to-noise ratio cost of a
Page 95 and 96: 3.8 Signal-to-noise ratio benefit o
Page 97 and 98: 3.9 Numerical comparison of single-
Page 103 and 104: 3.10 Summary, critical evaluation,
Page 105 and 106: 4 Experimental implementations of m
Page 107 and 108: 4.1 Sequential acquisition of shear
Page 109 and 110: 4.1 Sequential acquisition of shear
Page 111 and 112: 4.2 Simultaneous acquisition of she
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Page 117 and 118: 5 Compact Space-time SPIDERIn this
Page 119 and 120: 5.2 Role of the measurement planetr
Page 121 and 122: 5.3 Analysis of ST-SPIDERof design
Page 123 and 124: 5.4 A common-path re-imaging ST-SPI
Page 131 and 132: 5.5 Experimental exampleRomero [295
Page 133 and 134: 5.6 Effect of miscalibrationy (pix)
Page 135: 5.7 Summary and outlooknow perform
Page 138 and 139: 6. HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATIONcurrent
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Page 144 and 145: 6. HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION (t ) (E
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Page 162 and 163: 6. HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATIONwhere W
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6. HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATIONtheir re
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6. HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATIONsmall pi
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7. LATERAL SHEARING INTERFEROMETRY
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8. QUANTUM-PATH INTERFEROMETRY IN H
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9 Summary and outlookThis chapter s
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the vacuum chamber on the laser pul
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A. NOISE AND UNCERTAINTYdomain, so
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A. NOISE AND UNCERTAINTYUsing the i
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B. SIMULATION CODES FOR HIGH-HARMON
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References[1] Rakov, V. & Uman, M.
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REFERENCES247 (1999). 11[63] Stiben
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REFERENCES[127] Gyuzalian, R., Sogo
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REFERENCES[189] Kornelis, W., Biege
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REFERENCES[254] Geindre, J. P., Aud
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REFERENCES[313] L’Huillier, A. &
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REFERENCESPhys. Rev. Lett. 91, 1630
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REFERENCESMarangos, J. In Conferenc
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High-resolution Interferometric Diagnostics for Ultrashort Pulses

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