I[ f@ reiffne antiquarian anb - Cavan Library Service

PAGEThe Cavan Inquisition of 1609 ... ... . . . ... 361By PHILIP O'CONNELL, M.Sc., E.R.S.A.I.The Corporation of the Borough of Cavan-11 ,A. ... 387By TERENCE S. SMYTH.Thb Ballyheady Mountain Cairn .. . ... 421Reports of Meetings ... . . . ... .., ... . .. 427Reviews . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 431Obituary . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 436List of Members

THE CAVAN INQUISITION OF1609,With Notes and Annotations.By PHILIP O'CONNELL, M.Sc., F.R.S.A.I.INTRODUCTION.Towards the close of the 16th century, and during the earlypart of the I7th--that is, during the reigns cf Elizabeth and JamesI.-there were held in several counties throughout Ireland certainInquiries, or investigations, relative to ecclesiastical property.with the object of ascertaining the values of the benefices belongingto the several Dioceses ; in the State Papers of the period thesejudicial inquiries are usually known as Irtquisitions.The churches and their appurtenances had already been confiscated,and these Irtquisitions, which were conducted by Commissionersof the English Crown, were for the purpose of securingmore detailed information concerning the property of the IrishChurch. The Reports of these Inquisitions, preserved amongthe State Papers and Patent Rolls of the time, are now of greathistorical value, furnishing, as they do, detailed accounts of thetermon lands with the parochial and diocesan revenues as existingbefore the great upheaval of the 16th century. They afford, moreover,valuable historical data illustrating the mediaeval parochialsystem which obtained until the disastrous reign of Henry VIII.,when delenda est Carthago became the s1og;an which seemed toinspire the disruptive policy of State.The accuracy of these Inquisition returns may best be judgedfrom the general agreement between the data furnished at variousperiods and compiled from different sources. It is evident froman examination of the different Reports that the Commissionersentrusted with the task of compiling these returns performed theirwork with considerable accuracy. Copyists' errors occur occa-sionally, or perhaps the faded manuscript may not have beenalways quite legible, but these may.easily be detected and rectified. 1On September 25, 1609-VII. Jamesi1.-an Inquisition concerningthe Church property in Co. Cavw was held at Cavan,

and the Report of this Inquisition, which lvill be given withexplanatory notes in the succeeding pages, specified the revenuesof the several parishes with the extent and values of the termonand mensal lands. An earlier Inqz~isition held at Cavan onSeptember 19, 1590, had already issued a Report, but whichwas merely a preliminary survey giving only a list of the termonlands with their acreages and values. The information collectedby the Inquisition of 1609 is presented in greater detailand includes particulars of the lands possessed by the severalparish churches-lands which had been granted by the nativechieftains many centuries earlier for the support of the clergyand the maintenance of the churches. In the present paperI have collated the data of the 1590 Inquisition-extractedby me from the original manuscript which was preserved in thePublic Record Office, Dublin-with that of the document of 1609-which is printed among the Patent Rolls of that year-and thegeneral agreement between the two documents is manifest.It will be apparent that many of the placenames occurring inthe text are, if not actually obsolete, at least partially disguisedunder archaic or Latinised forms thereby rendering their identificationsnot immediately obvious. Evidently the Commissioners whocompiled these returns were strangers to our Gaelic orthographyand relied on phonetic renderings-a source of error in nameforms not quite unknown even in our own time. The influenceof Latin is apparent in many cases although the name forms arenot quite so obscure as those occurring in Roman documentsof an earlier period, for example in the Papal Anmtes. Errorsdue to copyists who were unacquainted with Gaelic orthographyinevitably lead to very obscure and unintelligible forms. Theidentification of the various placenames occurring in mediaevaldocuments is a work of paramount importance if the historicalvalues of these records are to be adequately realised. In elucidatingthe topography of the Cavan Inquisitions I have consulted,inter alia, the 17th century townland maps-the Jacobean PlantationMap of 1609 and the Down Survey compiled under thedirection of Sir William Petty in 1654-55. These maps are indispensablefor the exact location of the many placenames whichhave since become obsolete. It is true that in many respectsthese maps are very imperfect : in the case of the 1609 map theorientation is very defective ; but they prove very useful guidesespecially in cases where the original plqnuscripts may be partlyillegible and the orthography doubtful. The Fiants of Elizabeth'sreign furnish many 16th century forms of local and personalnames, but the orthography is generally so defective that identificationis very often a matter of considerable difficulty, andconclusions cannot be drawn with certainty from these lists.The Fiants, however, preserve many names which are now obsoleteand which may be generally located by referring to the maps

just mentioned. The 15th and 16th century forms of many Cavannames, particularly parish titles, occur in the comprehensiveCalendar of Entries in the Papal Registers-Record Series, editedby W. H. Bliss ; but many of the names are disguised underLatinised spellings. I have consulted De Annatis Hibernia-Vol.I., Ulster-which is such a fruitful source of information onmediaeval parochial history. The Annals-Four Masters, LochCi., Clonmacnoise, etc.-as well as the Martyrologies are invaluablesourc.es for the authentic forms of early Gaelic naqes and areus11 ly decisive on questions of Gaelic etymology. The Registersof a' he mediaeval Archbishops of Armagh, covering the period1350 tc 1550, have occasional references to Cavan parishes, and theinformation obtainable from these precious manuscripts is alsoinvaluable especially as the parochial records for the same periodhave long since been irrecoverably lost.Discussion on the derivation and orthography of the placenamesoccurring in the Inquisition is not within the scope of thepresent investigation, and must be reserved for another occasion ;but if the original Gaelic names are to be accurately reconstructedand effectively restored there must be in every case an exhaustiveinquiry into all the original sources with a careful examinationof the earlier recorded forms. In these days of Gaelic restoration,and of de-anglicisation, it is essential that " modernisation "of Gaelic names should be discouraged ; neither should considerationsof grammatical accuracy be entirely disregarded. Inresearches of this nature a knowledge of local topography isabsolutely essential, especially in the location of placenames whichhave become obsolete. It may be necessary to remind teachersand students of history whose vnde mecum is O'Donovan's OrdnanceSurvey Letters that the great topographer is most unreliable indealing with Co. Cavan, and that many of the opinions advanced inthese Letters, written by him in 1836, were either entirely abandonedor drastically revised in his later and more mature writings.The views expressed in the Ordnance Survey Letters, whjch consistof a collection of rough notes and never intended for publicationin their present shape, must, therefore, always be acceptedwith reserve. Since O'Donovan's time a vast amount of historicalmaterials, which were quite inaccessible to him, have been madeavailable, and these throw new lig5t on many of the problemswhich to him were enigmas.A Survey of Co. Cavan taken at Cavan on September 6th) 1608,before Sir John Davies, Sir Edward Blany and William Parsons,Surveyor-General, is preserved in MS. Rawlinson A. 237, in theBodleian Library. Oxtord. In this manuscript, which has recentlybeen made accessible through the activities of the Irish ManuscriptsCommission, the particulars of the ecclesiastical lands inUlster are specified in detail, but considerations of space willnot allow of an e~tended discussion of these particulars in the

present paper. For purposes of comparison, however, I refer tothis source as Rawlinson MS.In mediaeval times the prevailing land denomination in Co.Cavan was the Poll, a unit which is mentioned frequently in thevarious Inqzrisifiom ; in Monaghan, Fermanagh, and elsewhere,it was called the Tate. The Poll was a unit of variable extentdepending on the nature and fertility of the soil ; hence it wasnot a fixed standard. In the Slate Papers of I610 the Poll isdefined as a unit of 25 acres. An earlier document of 1571 specifiesit as containing 30 acres arable with 20 acres pasture and mountain.In 1601 another authority sets it down as equivalent to60 acres arable. The unprofitable land, bog, wood, marsh,mountain, etc., was included with the arable land, but was definitelyexcluded for survey purposes. Different surveyors mightnot be unanimous in their opinions as to what constituted arable,or unarable, land. Everything would depend on the particularlocality. In Co. Cavan, according to Rawlinson MS., a Poll wasa parcel of 24 acres of arable land, and this may be accepted as itsdefinition in the 1609 Inquisition. In the King's Project for thePlantation of Ulster, reprinted in Harris' Hibernica (p, 117), aPoll is defined as 24 acres which agrees, substantially, with theestimate given in Rawlinson.In Co. Fermanagh the Tale contained 30 acres : in Co. Armaghit was reckoned as 100. The Poll, or Tate, was commonly knownas the Ballyboe-b~~te b6, i.e. cow land ; it was supposed to beable to support about twenty cows. The Ballyboe enters largelyinto our placenames. Sixteen Ballyboes comprised the Ballybetb~ i ~IACAI$ ~ e i.e. the townland of the victualler. The Ballybetwas the principal land unit within the Tuath or Tricha Ctd,the " Cantred " or "District." The Tm'cha Ce'd usually comprisedthirty Ballybets. According to the calculations of Dr.Reeves the extent of a Ballybet would have been about 1000acres (Reeves and Hardinge, Memoir on MSS. Maj$ed TownlandSurveys in Ireland, Trans. Royal Irish Academy, Vol. XXIV).But this estimate is based on the assumption that the measurementswere absolute, including both arable and unarable land.We know that this was not the case and that the unarable landwas not included for the purpose of survey, a fact which invalidatesthe conclusions of Dr. Reeves., Poll, Tate, and Ballyboe, are synonymous terms, but the acreagewas in every case dependent on local factors and varied with thecircumstances in the particular county. Owing to the exclusionof the unprofitable land from the surveys it is now scarcely possible,with any degree of certainty, to equate these ancient landmeasures with those of the present day. In certain districtswhere there was an absence of waste and unprofitable lands approximaterelations may be established. It is generally recognisedthat at the time of the Plantation of Ulster the variable

extent of the Poll, and the rather arbitrary method of its determination,was duly taken advantage of by the unscrupulousCommissioners and purposely complicated in the interests ofthe Planters who had obtained grants of lands in Ulster. Theadoption of the so-called " Irish Plantation Measure "-whichstill survives in Co. Cavan-at a somewhat later period and forthe same purpose is a familiar fact of history.The Poll and its sub-divisions, the Gallon, Pottle and Pint,enter largely into the placenames of Co. Cavan. The followinginter-relations have been established :1 Poll = 2 Gallons = 4 Pottles = 8 Piqzts.The opening paragraph of the 1609 Inquisition specifies clearlythe relations existing between these ancient land measures. ThePint, however, does not enter so frequently into placenames asdo the larger divisions ; as " point," it forms a few terminations.In 1699 the Carvaglt, which consisted of, approximately, 35acres, was adopted as the unit of taxation in Co. Cavan. Thewhole County was estimated to contain 8,000 Carvaghs, averaging1,000 per Barony for 8 Baronies-Loughtee being regarded as two,Upper and Lower. Tullyhaw was reckoned as 5514 Carvaghs ;Loughtee Lower, 9246 ; Loughtee Upper, 1,7764 ; Tullyhunco,701i ; Clanmahon, 9164 ; Clankee, 874 ; Tullaghgarvey, 1,498 ;Castlerahan, 757i. The mode of applotting the Carvaghs wasdetermined by Act of Parliament, and the system was an intricateone. The Carvagh system was, as far as I have been able toascertain, peculiar to Co. Cavan, where it survived until thebeginning of the 19th century. But the Carvagh was a taxationunit rather than a unit of measurement. The word " carvagh,"signifying a share, still survives in the popular idioms of Cavanspeech, also in some townland names.The mediaeval system of tithes devised for the support of thesecular clergy is clearly illustrated in the statement of the 1609Inquisition. It will be observed that the tithes were paid bothin money and in kind. Payments were generally made in marks,or fractions of a mark ; the mark was value 13s. 4d. in the moneyof the time. Besides money payments it may be noted that payment,or partial payment, was also made in " breads " (i.e. loaves)," beefs " (i.e. cattle), butter, and the labour of workmen. Twothirdsof the tithes were paid to the parson (i.e., the parish priest)and one-third to the vicar (i.e., the curate). Attached to thercsidence of the parson was a division of land, called glebe-land.for his personal support. In all the larger parishes there werechapels of ease with termon lands attached. Special provisionwas made for the repair of the churches and certain passages in theInquisition make it abundantly clear that the secular clergy andthe Erenachs-the lay superintendents of the parochial property-were to maintain their own parish churches at their own chargeand out of the revenues of their own benefices and termon lands.

But that the parishioners usually gave voluntary help is alsospecifically stated. The proxies were usually paid to the Bishopin coin.The system of obligatory tithes was universally recognisedin the Middle Ages and the practice only ceased in Ireland whenthe confiscations of the 16th century deprived the Church of itsproperty and diverted its revenues into other channels. Fromthe information which is furnished by the Inqhisition we mustinfer that every parish provided a regular income for the maintenanceof its clergy. The cost of living was then comparativelylow and the purchasing power of money was very great. It isscarcely possible now to deduce the comparative values of themoney in circulation in those times, but it may be remarked thatin England in 1378 the Archbishop of Canterbury consiciered asalary of five marks a year adequate for a chaplain.The churches appear to have been generally maintained ingood repair, and the 16th century witnessed the restoration ofmany churches and abbeys. It was an age of church-building andrestoration, and many of our ancient churches, now in ruins,belong to that period. In 1427 Pope Martin V granted an Indulgence,under certain prescribed conditions, to all who shouldassist in the repair of the church of Holy Trinity Priory, LochUachtair. The entries in the Papal Annates enable us to understandmore clearly the status of the clergy and the general schemeof ecclesiastical administration in the 15th and 16th centuries,that is, auring the centuries preceding the Inquisition.In the great majority of the Cavan parishes two-thirds of thetithes were paid to either of the great Abbeys of Ceanannus (Kells)or Fore, in Meath Diocese, to which these parish churches belonged.From the statement of the Inquisitiolz we are furnishedwith elaborate details of the revenues paid from the Cavanchurches to these Abbeys, and especially to that of the Fore. Asearly as the year 1306 the revenues of the Bishop of Kilmoreamounted to 10 marks while the revenues accruing to the Abbeysof 'Ceanannus and Fore, from lands and property in KilmoreDiocese, amounted to 6 and 11 marks, respectively. The Priorof Drumlane received the comparatively small sum of 3 marks,and the rector of Annagh a similar amount. The Inquisitiolz of1609 indicates in detaiI the revenues of the several pariskchurchesand, in practically every case, specifies the particular Abbey-Ceanannus, Fore, or Drumlane- of which tbe church was a dependency.The parish churches in the eastern part of Co. Cavanbelonged mostly to Ceanannus, as did also a few in tbe extremewest, e.g. Killinagh, as well as Killesher in Co. Fermanagh. Butthe great majority belonged to Fore.The origin of these payments from the parish churches ofancient BreLfIne to the two great Abbeys of Meath must be soughtfor in the early centuries of Christianity in Ireland when the

influence of these Abbeys extended over Meath and Breiffne.Both Ceanannus and Fore were Bishoprics, and Ceanannus survivedas an episcopal seat until the early years of the 13th century.The links binding Ceanannus and Drumlane were very strong.But witb the advent of the Anglo-Norn~ans in the 12th crnturyand the consequent establishment of the Pale-that artificialbarrier of political partition-far reaching changes were sooneffected. Both Ceanannus and Fore passed directly under Anglo-Norman influence resulting in drastic alterations in their monasticconstitutions ; in Ceanannus, for example, the Irish monks wereexpelled by de Lacy and, as I have described elsewhere. forced toestablish a monastery for themselves. A continuance of Irishpatronage under such conditions could hardly have been enthusiasticallyextended. After the Anglo-Norman upheaval, asmight be expected, we find the native Irish denouncing theseimposts as unjust and resisting payment of them. The legalityof these ecclesiastical taxes had already become a burning questionin the early 15th century ; but the dispute was one of long standing.Mediaeval documents supply ample evidence of this controversy,but the dearth of original sources of our mediaeval ecclesiasticalhistory must leave many of the details somewhat obscure.The records both of Ceanannus and Fore have practically all'perished, but the extant Armagh Registers contain a few significantreferences.In the Register of Primate Fleming there is an entry, sub anno1410, relative to a complaint from the Prior of Fore that certainclerics and laymen " detain the tithes, oblations, and obventionsof churches appropriated and united to the Priory." The followingyear has a similar entry referring to a further complaint fromthe same Prior regarding the nonpayment of tithes from theparish church of Disertyncill- Disert Finchea22, which I haveidentified with Kildrumsheridan-the rector of which, DonatOgown (OYGowan), disputed the Prior's right to the tithes. TheCavan clergy may have concluded, with sound logic, that therights of Ceanannus and Fore to demand imposts from ecclesiasticalproperty in Breiffne had lapsed since these Abbeys hadbeen compelled by conquest rigidly to adhere to Anglo-Normanconventions and to regard as " enemies," and ignore the rightsof, those who lived in the country beyond the narrow and arbitraryconfines of the Pale. Situated as it was on the borders ofthe Pale Breiffne suffered severely from Anglo-Norman aggressionas is evidenced by the many entries of raids and burnings in ourAnlza2s : under such circumstances it is not unreasonable to assumethat neither the clergy nor the laity of Breiffne should haveevinced any enthusiasm for the continued payments of tithestowards the maintenance of these Abbeys which were now theborder strongholds of Anglo-Norman power and influence andfrom which the native Irish were practically excluded.

TEXT OF THE INQUISITION.Finding-that the Bishop of Kilmore is seised in fee, in rightof his See, in the barony of Cavan alias Loughtee, of the 3 pollsof land in the town and fields of Kilmore,* each poll containing2 gallons, each gallon containing 2 pottles, and 16 polls makinga ballibet, and of the several rents and duties out cf the 7 pollsof the termon lands of Kilmore, namely, out of MacConnyn'stpoll, 618 or 20 breads, with butter in proportion, 8 day labourers,and the sixth part of cess coyny and other charges. Tullaghfpoll, 618, 12 breads, 4 mashers of butter and 8 days' workmen ;Brenerins and Droumlawnagh,l( 1) polls, 21- ; Tonaghmore,l3 polls, 40 pence ; Snawnurger, 4 poll, 40d. ; and also thetermon lands following :-Urney, 1 poll, 40 pence ; and that thehalf-poll of termon land called I,urganboy,** in the parish of Urneyis not liable to rent ; Annagh, 1 poll, 314, and 3 reaping hooks ;Cloneyst,tt 2 polls, in the parish of Annagh, 1 mark and six reapinghooks ; Castleterragh,:: 34 polls extending into the parish ofKilmore, the ancient sedes episcopalzs, is certainly identical with the CillMov Duilhnctbh of St. Feidhlimidh. Elsewhere I have collected the evidencefor this. Thc 1600 Inquirilion credits ICilmore with 6 polls of termon land." Killmore contayning 6 pollsly eing neere the parish [church] of I

Laragh, 4s. ; Laraw 24 polls (1 acre of glebe excepted), 9s. 4d. ;Tirlahode and Clebarni,* 8d. each, in the same parish ; Lawy,?2% polls, 4 mark and 2 reaping hooks ; Annaghgelliffe, + poll,2s. 8d. ; Denn, 8 polls, being the mensal lands of the See, 1 markand 12 reaping hooks ; DromlahanJ 30 polls, 3 marks and 20reaping books, out of which 30 polls O'Reilly, time out of mind,receives 30 shillings per annum ; and also out of Tomregan,$6) polls, 3 marks and 8 reaping books ; and Balliclanphillip,'~3 polls, 16 pence, which 3 polls are in the said barony of Loughtee,in the parish of Moylagh,JJ which extends into the barony ofC,astlerahan-that in the barony of Loughtee are the followingparishes, viz. :-Kilmore parish, the vicarage collative and theparsonage impropriate to the late prior of Four, the tithes arepaid in kind, 4 to the vicar and Q to the saia late prior, exceptthe 8 out of the 8 polls of LavallymdorsherO and the 4 polls ofKillmor which are paid to the bishop ; Urney parish, the impropriation,vicar and tithes are as in Kilmore parish except thatthe bishop receives + of the tithes out of the 3 polls of the termonlands of Urney,** Derriloane and Demgonstt ; AnaghSS parish,Tirlahode and Clifferna, in Laragh parish. In 1576 died " h'icholas Oge,son of Gilpatrick MacBrady who was official (i.e. Erenach) of Cliathbhearna "-4'Reitty P~digrce. " Clefearne '-1 609 map. The Dorm Skvvey has" Cleafearne." with the r~ined church indicated in the townland. " Tirolahoedcontaining l polle :" Cleuerny containing 1 polle "-Rnwlznso?s MS.The site of the ancient church of Clifferna is surrounded by a cemetery, theburialplace of many of the chieftains of the IIacBradys.t Lavey. " Lawye, 2% polls "-1590 Inpis. " Leimeigh containing 2polls lyeing neere the parish church of Leirneigh the rectory is appropriatto the said Abbay of Fowrc "-Rarulinson MS.$ Drumlane, which was Cavan's richest ecclesiastical foundation. " Uromdaghan[vecle Dromlaghan] 32 polls lyeinge neere the chnrch of Dromlaghanthere belongeth to this church a chaple called Balgan "-Rnwlznson MS.Bolgan was an alias for Dnunlane. " Drolnlane 32 polls "-1690 Inquis.5 The name is derived froni the great university of I'train? Dvecuzn whichwas m this parish. " Tomregin, 6 polls "-1590 Inqzcis. " Tomregan containing6 polls lyeinge neare the parish church of Tomregan the rectory orthis church is a memall of the Lord Bishop of Killmore "-Rardinsot~ MS.YClannaphillip, or 'l'ennon, in Killi~kere parish.11 Mullagh."This denomination included the townlands of Killyvally and Togher ;thc title is now obsolete.** " Urnye 3 polls "-1580 Inqzris. " Urny contayning 3 polls lyeing neerethe parish church of Urny the rectory is appropriate to the said Abbay ofFowre cxcept the teithes [tmte tithes] of three polls which is mensall to thesaid bishgp "-Rawlinson MS. In 1695 Edm. Darrett received from QueenElizabeth a grant, intev alia, of "the termon or hospital of Cassheltorra[Castletara], containing 3) polls of land, with the tithes, Co. Cavan (rent 18s.) ;the termon of Urrney, 3 polls (16s.); the termon of Rallimacchinche aliasBallim'hugh [Bnllymachugh, in Ardagh diocese], (4d.); the termon of Larraeparagh], 3 polls (15s.); the termon of Annaghgallev [AnnagLgeliffe],poll (216); the termon of Iderganboy CJrurganboy, beside the town cf Cavan]poll (2/6), with the tithes of all these lands [in] Co. Cavan, devolved tothe Crown by Act of Parliament "-Fiants of Eliz., 1 July, 1696.tt Derrylina and Derrygoss, townlands beside Urney.$$"Annaha. 1 poll "-1690 Inqrris. " Anagh contayninge 1 poll lyeingeneere the chapple of Annagh the rectory is apropriat to the Abbay of Pourein Meith [wvta Meath (diocese)] "-Rawlinson MS.

coataining 4 ballibetaghs, the parson and vicar collative, thetithes are paid in kind, + tothe vicar and 8 to the parson, except 3of the two polls of Clonayse* which are paid to the bishop, and theparson to pay 20s. and the vicar 12s. proxies to the bishop ;Castleterragh parish, '45 polls, the parsonage presentative byMacBrady and the vicarage collative, the tithes are paid in kind,3 to the parson and 4 to the vicar ; Laraghf parish, 3& ballibetaghs,part extending into the barony of Tullaghgarvie, the parish isimpropriate to the late prior of Four [Fore], and tbe vicaragecollative, the tithes are paid in kina, 4 to the vicar and Q to theimpropriator, save the poll of land called Laragh, Q of which arepaid to tbe bishop, and 1 great acre of glebe land belonging tothe vicarage; Lavyl parish, 2 ballibetaghs, Ballyboughy,Launche and Ballymycharne,$ the parsonage impropriate to thelate prior of Four, and the vicarage collative by the bishop, thetithes are paid in kind, 4 to the vicar and 8 to the parson exceptthe tithes of Gallonyrork, Q of which are paid to the bishop towhom the vicar pays yearly 6s. proxies ; Annaghgelliff e parish,containing 3 ballibetaghs, the parsonage impropriate to the lateprior of Four, and vicarage collative, the tithes are paid as in thepreceding parishes, except those of the half poll of Annaghgelliffe, Q ,of which are paid to the bishop to whom the vicar pays 12s.proxies ; Dennil parish, containing 2 ballibetaghs, the parsonageimpropriate as in the former parish, atid the vicar collative by thebishop, the tithes are paid as in the preceding parish, except the8 polls of Denn, 3 of which are paid to the bishop, to whom thevicar pays 12s. proxies ; Dromlaghan parish, containing 921 polls,the parsonage is impropriate to the late abbey of Dromlaghan,* Clonosey. The adjoining townland of Parisee was also termon land ; thename is payayar6e, i.e., parish land; " Parsagh "-1609 map, and DownSurvey.There was also a church at Killoughter in Annagh parish ; its site, nowmarked by a cemetery, is on the summit of a hill. It was already in ruins in1609 when the Plantation map was being compiled ; on that map it is marked" Killoughter." It is mentioned in the O'Redly Pedigree and was an O'Reillyfoundation.t " Larra, 3 polls "-1690 Inquis. " Larragh containing 2 polls dim.lyeinge neer the chaple of Larragh "-Rawlinson MS.TLavey. Accordmg to Rawlinson MS. an annual fair-evidently thesurvival of an ancient pattern-was held at Lavey on July 14.$ The three townland names here mentioned are long since obsolete ;they are not recorded on any of the early maps, and weie most probablysub-denominations of the townland of Lavey. The forms given in the text areevidently corrupt. Gallonyrork may have been identical with the presenttownland of Knockanoark.11 " Dynn, 8 polls "-1590 Inquis. The Dom Survey has the " 2 Poles ofDenn."'The 1609 map has the form " Dine." " Denn contayning 8 pollslyeing neere the parish church of Denn the rectory is appropriat to the saidAbbay [Abbey] of Foure except the tithes of eight polls which is mensall tothe said bishop [of Kilmorel-Rawlinsan MS.f This may refer tothe total acreage of the parish; otherwiseit should read32, as already noted.

and the vicarage of Bolgan alias Dromlaghan collative, the tithesare paid in kind, and the tithes of 30 polls of termon land and 7polls of abbey land and $ parts of the remaining tithes are paidto the abbey, and the remainder to the vicar who is to pay thebishop 4 mark ; Tomregan parish containing 2 ballibetaghs, theparsonage belongs to tbe bishop as his mensal lands, and 4 partof the tithe, and 4 to the vicar who pa>s 3s. 4d. proxies to thebishop, and is collative ; and in the same barony are the abbeylands of the late abbey or priory of Trinity Island,* situate near1 the Toagher,? with 44 polls of land called Clanlaskan, Derrie,Blencupp and Dromore, and the poll of Snaulugher and Killevallieand 4 poll of Trinity Island-tbe bishop claims a rent of 3s. 4d.out of the half poll of Snaulugher, and claims the land as hismensal ; and there is also the late abbey or house of Franciscanfriars of Cavant with a piece of land adjoining thereto called theMoore, 1 poll, and also the late monastery or priory of Dromlaghanwith 7 polls of land, viz. :-DirregerreghanJ Dromgress,ll Dromheriff,f[Ardonny," Dirrevehan,** and Gortahagh,tt and the pollof the Garriaghes and Ouragh,$$ that the bishop is entitled tothe several rents and duties out of the following lands in the*The Priory of Holy Trinity was founded A.D. 1237, on an island in LochUachtair, for the Premonstratensian Canons, or White Canons of St. Norbert.The ruins present some interesting features. Elsewhere I have summarisedthe history of this Priory.t Togher.$ As I have shown elsewhere this monastery was founded A.D. 1300. Withregard to " the Moore" mentioned in the tex- it was evidently the nameapplied to the parcel of land attached to the menastic buildings. I take itthat the word is Gaelic ; mGy, i.e., a wall or enclosure. Clearly in the presentcase the term was a plied to the monastic enclosure. The town of Cavannow extends over theiormer monastery precincts, and the designation "AbbeyLands " still survives on the Ordnance Survey maps ; the name also commonlyoccurs in old Cyan leases.§ Derrygeeraghan. Derihiregan "-1 609 map ; " Derygerahan "-DownSurvey ; Dyrrykyrekhan "-Fiants of Elk, ,f 670.11 Drumgesh. " Drom osca "-1 609 map ; Dromgesse "-Down Szrvvcy ;" Drumghes "-Rants O~EUZ., 1670.7 Drumherriff. " Dromheriue "-1 (iO9 map ; " Drumherivis "- Dow~zSUYV,?~." Ardonan. " Ardouan "-1 609 map ; " Ardonan "-Down Sztrvey ;" Ardonan "-Fia~tls of EUz., 1670.** Derryvehil. " Derynehe1"-1600 map ; " Dprremehill "-Fia~rts ofEliz., 1670.tt This townland name is now obsolete ; it was formerly, applied to thesouthern portion of the present townland of Drumlane. Gartugam "-1609 map;,$$The Garriaghes," i.e., "gardens," no longer a dist,pct denomination,occupied,Fhe northern portion of prumlane townland. 0uf;agh " is nowUragh. Anurah '-1 609 map ; Oragh "-Down Survey ; Nahov$rye "-Fianls of Elk., 1570.The townland of Kilnacranagh was also included in the parcel of landswhich belonged to the Abbey of Drumlane.

arony of Tolcha :* Killnelynagh,f 2 polls, 3s. 4d. ; Killaghduffe,$1 poll, Is. ; Templeport,§ 6 polls, 10s. and 3 part of a beef, and outof the two polls adjoining the chapel of Kilfertll in the parish ofTempleport, 1s. ; and in the same barony are the followingparishes : Killnelynagh parish, containing 3 ballibetaghs, inLarginfi 19 ballibetaghs and in Dubbally** 19 ballibetaghs, thevicar is collative and the tithes are paid in kind, 6 to the vicar, +* Tullyhaw ; s~metimes known as the Barony of Lissanover from thcMacGauran stronghold in the townland of that name.t Killinagh. " Killeynagh, 1 poll "-1590 Inquis. " Killeyne contayninge2 polls "-Rawltnson MS.f ~ifiaghaduff, now a townland near Swanlinbar and in Kinawley Parish.The 1590 Inquis has "Tem ledowa," which is also the form given by Archdall(Mon. Hib.) in his list of the Cavan Hospitals. " Killadough contayning1 polle lyeing neere the parish church of Killadough, the rectory is appropriateto the said Abbey of Kels [Xells; "--Rawtwson MS. In the lists of churchesand rectories in Co. Cavan belonging to the Abbey of Ceanannus, or Kells,and enumerated in the various Inpuzsztions of James I., are specified, rntrr alin,Killin [Xillann], Knockbride, Castlerahan, Templeport, Killinagh, andCrodragh. I take it that Crodragh is identical with Killaghaduff, that is,with the Cavan section of the present Parish of Kinawley. Kinawleywhichlies wholly in Co. Fermanagh-and Killaghaduff mere distinct Parishesin the early 17th century. The church of Killaghaduff is now ruinous.5 " Templeport, 4 polls "-lE90 Inquis. In Papal documents of the 15thcentury the parish is called Ini$rechiruigy alias Tempullapuyrt "-DeAnnatrs Hzbemim, sub anno 1426. Templeporte contayning 6 polls lyeingneere the parish church of Templeporte the rectory is apprcpriate to the saidAbbay [i.e. Abbey] of Kells "--Hawtinson MS. The parish of Templeportwas originally the most extensive in the Diocese of Kilmore. St. Yogue wasborn here circa 658.11 Kilnavert in Templeport parish. " Kilfert, 2 polls "-1690 Inqziis." Killfeart containing 2 polls lyeinge near the chapple of Killkart which belongethto the church of Templeporte "-Rawtinson MS. The present parishchurch (Catholic) of Templeport is at Kilnavert and, as has been shown elsewhere,without doubt occupies the site of the original church of Magh Sleachtfounded by St. Patrick. St. Mogue's church was on his native island inTempleport Lake, but this was later on abandoned in favour of a more convenientsite on the mainland and beside which the Protestant church ofTempleport now stands. It may be accepted that Kilnavert is the earliestchurch site in Co. Cavan.7 Largin, or Largy--Ze~r5ard, i.e, a hillside-was the older name of thetownland around the present village of Blacklion. Rev. Dr. Hogan (Onom.G0ed.j incorrectly equates Ltvgs with Redliotr .** Dubally-?)uG bacte i.e. the black townland-is uo longer in use as a&tinct townland name, but is still appiied to the district besidc the villageof Dowra in Killinagh parish. Iron was mined here in the 17th century.@ate in his Ireland's Nnlural History, chap. 1 G, givcs an account of thevarious iron-works then in operation in Ireland, that is, in the period 1 GIO-'50." The third sort of Iron-mine," he states, " is digged out of the mountains,in several parts of the Kingdome ; in Ulster . . . . in the County of Cavan,in n place called Douballie, in a drie mountain." Probably the districtreceived its name from the colour of the crude ore. This district is rich iniron, as Boate further observes : in the " Count) of Leitrim, on the East sideof the said Lough [Allen], where the mountains are so full of this metall,that thereof it hath got in Irish tne nameof Slew Neron [Sliabh-an-Iaraind],that is, Mountain of Iron." As the present time attempts are being madeto redevelop the great mineral wealth cf the mountains around Loch Allen.

to the bishop, and # to the late Abbey of Kells, ana the vicar pays3s. 4d. proxies to the bishop ; Killaghduffe parish, 5 ballibetagh,the parsonage is impropriate to the late abbey of Kells andvicarage collative, the tithes are paid in kind, 3 to the saia abbey.and 3 to the vicar ; Templeport parish containing 7 ballibetaghs,viz. :-Ballymacgauran,Aghauenagh, Cowleg 14 polls, Gortne-cargy. Cloynlough, and Tullagh,* the parsonage, vicarage, andtithes are disposed of as in the former parish, and the vicar paysto the bishop 4 mark proxies and 6 of a beef for his visitation ;and that the said bisoop in the barony of Tolchonchoet is seisedin fee of the yearly rent of 1 mark out of the termon land ofKildallan,$ 2 polls-and also 2s. out of Shanchrohen,§ 1 poll inthe parish of Killeshanragh,ll and that the two polls of Marchil1,flin the said parish, are his mensal lands-and out of the severalparishes following, namely, Kildallan parish, containing 2 ballibetaghsand 15 polls, the parsonage is impropriate and the vicaragecollative, the tithes are paid in kind, + to the vicar, $ to the latedissolved abbey of Dromlahan, except the $ part of 2 polls oftermon land which are paid to the bishop, and to whom the vicarpays 3s. 4d. proxies ; Killeshanrah parish, containing 5 balli-*These denominations are in the neighbourhood of the present village ofBallymagauran ; " Cowleg " is now Coologe.tTullyhu~~co: r;eaLLai: eonnt~vn, i.e, the territory belonging to thetribe or family of Donnchadh. The MacKiernans were the hereditarychieftains of this territory.$ " Kildallan, 2 polls "-1690 Znq~ris. " Killdallan containing 2 pollslying neere the parish church [ofl I

etaghs and 1 poll, the parsonage impropriate as in the former parishand vicarage collative, the tithes are paid in kind, part to thevicar, except the tithes of Marchill which are paid to the bishop,and 8 part of the tithes to the late Abbey of Dromlahan, and alsoQ mark proxies-and that there is a chapel of ease called Clone*with 15 polls of land in Enishmore parish within the diocese ofArdagh extending into the Co. Longford-and that the said bishopof Kilmore is entitled to the rents issuing out of certain parcels ofland in the barony of Clonmahon alias Drumloman, viz. : thetermon land of Ballytemple,t 2 polls, 1s. 8d. ; Kill in the parish ofKill alias Killdromfert,$ 7 polls, 3s. 4d. ; Crosselough,§ 4 pollswithin the same parish, in the barony of Castlerahan, 3s. 4d.-that the bishop of Ardagh, in right of his see, is entitled to the rentof 1s. 6d. out of the poll of land of Ballymachugh, dd., both in theparish [recte barony] of Granard and Co. of Longford-that thebishop of Kilmore, in right of his See, is entitled to 1s. 8d. rent,issuing out of the Q poll of termon land of Kilbride,ll in the parish* Cloone, a townland adjacent to the village of Gowna and in the Parish ofColmcille East, or Scrabby ; it is on the Longford border and in ArdaghDiocese. The church of Cloone was picturesquely situated on the shore ofLoch Gomna. The 1690 Inpis. has "Clona, 1 acre." In Archdall's list ofthe Cavan Hospitals (i.e. parish churches) it is given as "Clone " (Man Hib.).The State Pabers of 1 SO6 have " Cone "-an obvious misprint. A passage inthe Rnwlinson MS. has " Cloine contayning aquarter of a poll lyeing neere thechaple of Cloiy,e which chapple belongeth to the church of Killshauragh[Killeshandra]. In the early 48th century list of Cavan townlands, compledin connection with the Carvagh system of taxation, the place is called" Cloon and Arnagh "; the latter is now the townland of Arnaghan, whichis separated from Cloone by the tonnland of Mulrick. The present Protestantchurch of Gowna occupies the site of the ancient church of Cloone. Inthe adjoining cemetery are some interesting monuments. A massive horizontalslab, with Coat of Arms and a lengthy inscription, marks the restingplace of Rev. Farrell MacKiernan, P.P. 04 Colmcille, who died November 12,1741. On the island of lntp m6~ in T,och Gowna may be seen the ruinsof St. Colmc ille's church.t Ballintemple. " Ballientmple "-1690 Itquis. " Rallen Tample containing2 polls lyeinge [near] the parish church of Ballentarnple the rectoryis appropriate to the said Abbey of Fowre [Fore] "-Rnwlinson MS. lheancient church, which has long since been uprooted, was dedicated to St.patrick. In a Papal document of 1471 (Dn Anwafis Hibemino) it is called" Rallerntempaill."$ Kildrumfertall. Vide Jouvnal, Vd. 111, pp. 9-86.5 Crosserlough. Vide Jmtrnnl. Vol. 111, pp. 9-86.,I[ Yilbride was a dependency of Drumlane. The present union of Kilbride,which belongs to the Diocese of Meath, comprises three ancient parishes, formerlydistinct, viz., Kilbride, Castlecorr and Xilleagh. Kilbride is in Co.Cavan, but Castlecorr and Killeagh are in Co. Meath. " Kylbryde. one-halfpoll "-1690 Inquis. " Kilbridy and Ralinthugh [Ballymachugh] contayldng1 polle lyeinge neere the parish r4u:ch of Temple Kilbridy the rectory [is]

of Kilbride, and that the chapel is claimed as the parish churchwithin the diocese of Kilmore, but that said chapel and termonland are claimed to be parcel of the parish of Castlecorr,* to whichthe tithes are and have been paid for many years ; and in the samebarony are the following parishes, viz. : Ballitemple, containing3 ballibetaghs, the parsonage impropriate and the vicarage collative,the tithes are paid in kind 4 to the vicar and 9 to the priorof the Abbey of Four [Fore], and the vicar to pay 12 shillingsproxies to the bishop ; Kill alias Killdrumfert parish, containing6 ballibetaghs, the parsonage, vicar and tithes are paid as in theformer parish, except the 3 part of the tithes of the termon landof Kill which are paid to the bishop, to whom the vicar pays12s. proxies-that the chapel of ease of Dromloman,f with 3apprcpriate to the Abbay of Dromlaghan [Drumlane]. l'nere is a viccar[recto vicar] endowed. This rectory is granted to Sir Lucas Dillon in fee farmetogether with the whole Abbay [i.e. Drumlane Abbey] "-l?crwlinso~c MS.rhe n$ned church of " Kilbridy " is lnarkecl on the 1009 map of Clanmahon,and also on the Dowrc Suvvey (I 664) map of the same barony. l'he northwestextremity of the prcsent townland of Kilhride is marked " Ballanagrosse "on the Do:rst Swvoey. It is the " Ballynagrosse " of the ConlmonwealthGrants, and was then recognised as a distinct denomination. The name.-now apparently oosolete, signifies the " townland of the cross," evidentlyreferring to a termon cross which may have stood there. The old churchof Kilbride has been long since uprooted ; a cenletcry marks its site.Kilbride signifies the church of St. Brigid. By a curious error O'Donovanequates the Cuil Bn'ghdin of the Annals with Kilbride. As I have alreadyshown, Cttil Bvi&di%, which received its title from the MacBrady family,mas an alias for Castletara.Some remains of an early church are on Church Island in Loch Sheelin.As I have shown elsewhere, tlth island is identical with the I~is Uachluirof the Martyrologies, where St. Carthach founded a church. Vide Jouivwl,Vo. III., p. 66.* In Co. Meath. l'he site of the early church is sho\m in the townland ofthe same name. The older title of thisparish was " Tippermessan," by whichname it is known in a list of the parishes in the deanery of Vore, compiled in1302. The list will be found in Sweetman's Calendar of Docur~zcnts underthat year. A list o!,the Meath parishes, given in the Rcgistev of PrimateGeorge Dowdall, has Tibermassan alias Castel Ccr."t Droy!oman parish in Ardagh diocese. " Dromloman, I poll '-1600Inquzs. Dromloman alias Bracklagh containing 1 polle lyeinge neere thechapply, of Dromlom,y "-Rawlinson MS. The 1600 map of Clanmahonshows Dromloman as a distinct tynland and with the ruined churchmarked. It is the " Bracklagh gleab of the Down Survey. Bracklagh isnow the name of the townland, but Dromloman is applied to the parishand district. This is another example of a townland name having lost itsoriginal application and now being applied to a larger district. It is clear,however, from the reference in Rair~linsmr that as early as 1608 Bracklaghwas already recognised as an alias for Dromloman. The identity of the St.Loman, who gave his name to the church, has not been established withcertainty ; probably he was St, Loman of Trim,

allibetaghs in said barony, are parcel of the parish of Granard,in the Co. of Longford; and that the chapel and 1 ballibetaghof Ballymachugh* are in said parish, barony and county ;and that the small parcel of land called Drombarden,? within saidballibetagh, is parcel of the possession of the late dissolved Abbeyof Kells-thatthe said bishop of Kilmore is entitled, in right ofhis See, to the rents issuing out of the several termon lands followingin the barony of Castlerahan, viz. : Castlerahan f 2polls, 1s. 4d. ; Clonchyachuy,§ + mark per annum and 4 markvisitation ; Lurgan,jl 2 polls, 1s. lld. ; Ranetaven,B 2 polls,3s. 4d. ; Rahone," 1 poll, Is. 4d. ; Killenkerrie,** 2 polls, Is. 8d.,which 5 polls are in the parish of Mollagh-and that in the saidbarony are the several following ,parishes: Castlerahan, 2 balli-*In Ardagh. The 1590 Inquis. has a corrupt form " Ballymacknight."The church is not shown on the 1609 map. The Domn Survey has " Ballymcchue."The site of the old parish church is in Lavagh townland; the iroriginal edifice hac been demolished and a modem church (Protestant) occupiesthe site. In the adjoining cemetery the inscriptions on some 18th centurytombs of the O'Reillys, Sheridan.s,and other local families, may bedeciphered. As in the case of Dromloman, just referred to, the title Ballymachughis no lcnger applied to any particular townland but is retained as thearish title (cf. Tomregan, Mnnterconnacht, Moybolge, etc.:. In the 1709fist of Cavan to~vdan~s, conlpiled in connection with the Cay,agh Kystem.both " Bally M'Hugh and " Lavagh and part of Aughacreevy are enteredas distinct denominations. The same list, however:, has no enty of Drcimlomanas a distinct townland. The present exotic Bellsgrove was origi-. nally part of the church lands of Ballymachugh. ba~te mac Ao~A, i.e. thetown of the sons cf Aodh. Aodh, or Aedh, was a popular Christian nameamong the O'Reillys ; but the( particular Aodh whose name survives in theparish title may have belonged to an earlier period.t Tne name i~ now cibsolete ; it is not shown on the early maps but wasevidently a sub-denomination of Lavagh.+ " Castlerahin, 2 polls "-1590 Inqttis. " Castle Rahen containing 2 pollsly&ge neer the parish church of Castle Rahen the rectory is appropriate to thesaid Aboey of Kells "-~ahlinson 1\16. See Journd, Vol. 11.. No. 3§ Clonkeiffy, a townland in Castlerahan parish. " Clonkyaghvoy. 4 polls "-1690 Inquis. " Clonechehwoy containing,,P polls "-Rawlinson MS.I! " Largann, 2 polls "-1690 Inquis. Lurgan contayninge 2 pollslyemge neere the parish church of Lurgan the rectory and viccaradge [wievicarage] are appropriate to the said Abbey of Kells "--Razcdiusotr MS. SeeJoirmal. Vol. 11.. No. 1.7 Rantavan, a townland in Mullagh parish. In early documents it issometimes given as an alias for Mullagh. " Ramtavin, 2 polls "-1600 Inquis." Rahwentaven containing 2 polls lyeings neere the chapple of Rahetawenwhich said chaple belongeth to the church of Killinkire "-Rawlinson MS.See Jortmal, Vo. I., No. 2." Raffony, now a townland in Mullagh Parish. " Rahawns "-1590Inqt~is. " Rahawnagh containing 1 polle "-Rawlmson MS. In 1606 thechurch lands of " Rahony," which were then vested in Brian O'Connell, weredeclared forfeit to the anglish Crown, and the church fell into ruin. Theruined churcn measures 67 feet in length by 20 feet in breadth. ElsewhereI have given an a~~ount of this ancieni foundation.+*Killinkexe. Killinkite contapning 2 polls lyeinge neere the parishchurch oY Killinkite the rectory is appropriate to the aforesaid Abbeyof Powre "-Rawlinson MS. See this Journal, Vol. III., pp. 24Q-336,

-beta& ; Lurgan, 3 ballibetaghs ; ~unterchona~h~ ~arish; 3ballibetaghs ; parsonages and vicarages impropriate to the latedissolved Abbey of Kells, the whole of the tithes are paid inkind, and the said Abbey is to maintain curates ; Mollagh, containing5 ballibetaghs and 5 polls, whereof 8 polls, viz. : the 3 pollsof the termon land of Balliclanphillip and the 5 polls of Lissanymore?are in the barony of Loughtee, the parsonage impropriate tothe late prior of Four, and the vicarage collatioe, the tithes arepaid in kind, 4 to the vicar, excepting thereout the 5 polls in thebarony of Castlerahan and the 8 polls in the barony of Loughtee,and the 4 of the tithe of the said 8 polls are paid to the bishop ofKilmore as his mensal lands, also 3 of the tithes of the 5 pollsin the barony of Castlerahan, and the vicar pays 12s. proxies-and that the 8 polls of the lands of Magherondone,$ in the parishof Lurgan, belonged to the late Abbey of Kells-and that saidbishop is entitled to the several rents following, issuing out oflands in the barony of Clonky, viz. : Moybolge, 5 4 polls 20s. ;- ----* Munterconnacht. " Monterconnaught. ;! poll "-1590 Tnqiris. " Mon,-,terconnogh containing dim, polle lyeinge neere the chapple of Munterconnogh-Rawlrnson MS. I have already dealt with the history of this parish ; seeJotr~naE, Vo., JI., No. 3.t A townland in the district cf Clanna hillip, or Terinon, at the westernextremity of Killinkere Parish. ~1anna~Philli~. as I have shown elsewhere,was an O'Reilly settlement, and was often adopted as an akas for Xillinkere.: Maghcradoone, usually abbreviated to Maghera, a district comprisingabout half a dozen townlands, and c-xtending along the eastern shore of LochRamor in the south-east af Lurgan parish. matatpe nGn = the plain ofthe forts. Dan was the term applied to a fortified residence. %ems--GynmmalicaCellica-glosses it " firmus, fortis." The tern1 is found in all Celticlanguages as well as in Latin ; it is the Welsh Din occurring in many of theplacenames of Wales. Cf. dunutn in the early Latin names cf cities.The monastery of Kells had extensive property in Magheradoone. In1542 it was reported that " four messuages, sixty acres of arable, four ofmeadow, two of wood, and fourteen of pasture, with the appurtenances, inblaghlendonc " belonged to the Monastery of Xells. Messecage is a Latinterm meaning a il~vellinghouse with offices and lands attached, for the householduses of those who had care of the property. lhe Ra:ulinson MS. has:" Eight polls of land called Magheryndowne belonging to thc said Abbey ofKcUs. This Monastery lands is in the tenure of Capten (sic) Gerott Flemingeby force of Lettres pattents [i.e. letters patent] of fee farme." The DownSuyrey has " Maheridowne," and in this form the name is still locally remembered.In 1639 the property of Kells monastery wa4 confiscated including,inter din, " Maghelendon, now in Cavam County "--Pnlenl Rolls, G James I.It then passed into the possession of Garret Fleming of Cabragh, in EnniskeenParish. The church which served the district of Magheradoone in pre-Reformationtimes was on an island in Loch Ramor. A causeway connecting thisisland with the mainland can still be traced. The church in shown, in ruins,on the 1609 map.5 Moybolge, now united with Kilmainbamwood. " Moybalgne contayning4 polls lyeinge neere the ~arish church of Noybogne the rectory is appropriateto the said Abbay o Kdls "-Rarulinson MS. According to the latterauthority an annual fair was held at Moybolge on St. Patrick's Day, thefeast day of the Parish. An entry in the Daavy of Friar 'furlough O'Mellan,dated September, 1646, refers to the fact that the English of the Northattacked the people of Oirghialla (Oriel), drove them to the woo& of Drumduin(Drumgoon), burned the houses and haggards up to the woods of Killann(c1l.t Anna), and plundered the district of Moybolge (mu15e 001~;). I haveakeady detailed the parochial history of Moybolge in this slwrnul.

Eniskine*, 2 polls, 3s. 4d. ; Killan,t, 1 poll, 4s. ; Knockbride,$4 poll, 2s. ; Lisleagh, 4 poll, in the parish of Knockbride, 9d., andDrumgone, 2 polls, 1s. 8d.-and that in said barony are alsothe following parishes, viz. : Moybolge, 23 polls, the parsonagei mnro~riate and the vicarage collative. the tithes are t aid in kind.Q tb tie vicar, 8 to the latg Abbey of ~ells, except gof 3 polls oftermon land which are paid to the bishop of Kilmore and to whomthe vicar pays 6s. proxies ; Eniskine parish, 5 ballibetaghs, viz. :Ballincabragh, Ballydonrie, Ballenboy, Balliogly and Ballelonnegan,§the bishop of Meath is both parson and vicar in right of hisbishopric, to whom all the tithes are paid in kind, to maintain acurate ; Killann parish, 3 ballibetaghs and 9 polls, the parsonageand vicarage impropriate to the late Abbey of Kells, to whom allthe tithes are paid, except out of the poll of termon land, 8 ofwhich are paid to the bishop of Kilmore ; Knockbride parish, 3ballibetaghs, the parsonage and vicarage are impropriate as in thelast parish, except 8 of the tithes of the 4 poll of Knockbride whichare paid to the bishop of Kilmore ; Dromgonell pa~ish, 44 balli-* Enniskeen, a parish in Co. Cavan but in the Diocese of Meath. The churchwas a dependency of Kells.t Killann. " Kilconny 1 poll "-1590 Inquis. " Killan "-1 609 map." Kilcannagl~ containing 1 polle "'-R~t;~linson MS.$ " Knockabrydy "-1590 Inquis. Knockbreca "-1 GO9 map. " Knockbridycontaining 1 pole lyeinge neere the parish church of Knockbridy therectory is appropriate to the Abbay [rscle Abbey] of Kells in Meith [Meath].There is a viccar [recle vicar] endowed. lhis rectory is wanted in fee farmeto Capten Garrott Fleminge together with all the possessyons of the Abbay ofKells "-Rawlinsoa MS.$ These townlands are in Enniskeen Parish. " Rallincabragh," the " Bally-necabry " of Rawli~son, is now Cabra. It is " Cabragh " on the map of 1609,amd " Lisaacabry on Norden's map compiled during the reign of Elizabeth.The Castle of Cabra was for many ,~entnries the strqpghold of the Flemingfamily. Ballydonrie, which is the Bally Dronnery of Rawlinson, is nowDunaree in which townland the present town of Kingscourt is situated.Balliogly is now Balloughly ; " Balloghly "-Rawlinson. " Ballenboy "seems to be represented by FFe present Gallonboy. " Ballelonnegan" isgiven as " Ballymacklanegan by Rawlinson. The name is now obsolcte,but it was evidently in the neighbourhood ~f Balloughly.11 Drumgoon. Early,,forms of this parish title are : " Drumiguyn "-Papal Registers, 1427 ; Droumdone "-Elizabethan Fianls, 1586 ; " Dromgawney"--Rarulinson MS. ; " Drumdoon "-1 609 map ; " Drumdoon "-Friar O'Mellan's Diary of the wars of 1646. Elsewhere I have suggested thatQyurm 'Oh rather than 'Oyurmgam~n, which Joyce advances, is most likelythe correct Gaelic form of the name.In the Libsr Angeli, in the Book of A rmaglr, a treatise dcfining the prerogativesAnd privileges of the See of Armagh, the diocesan jurisdiction-distinguishedfrom the primatinl jurisdiction which extended over the ,entirecountry-is defined as follows :Idcirco constituitur terminus a Domino vastissimns urbi Alti Mache,quain dilexisti prae omniblls Hiberncnsiutn telluribus, id est a PznrzaMonlis Berbrczs usque ad Monbm Mas, a Monte Mis usque ad Bri Evigtusque ad Dorsos Breg.The geographical limits here specified are Bean Muilt (benn = pinna montis ;muill --

etaghs, the parson and vicar collative of the bishop of Rilmore,the tithes are paid in kind, $ to the vicar and 3 to the parson, andthe bishop's proxies are unknown-and the bishop of Kilmoreis entitled to the several rents and duties following in the baronyof Tullagarvey, viz. : out of the lands of Kill, 2 polls, 2 marks,8 reaping hooks and one day's work ; Drumch'll, 1s. 8d. ; Aghororahentermon land, Ed. ; Rachane, 2 polls, is. 8d. ; Dromgresstermon land, 12d. ; all said lands are in the parish of Killysardinny;* Drongt termon land, 2s. ; termon land of More, 3 polls,in the parish of Dronge, 9d. ; Maghereholche,$ 1 poll and halfDal Araidhe and Dal Riada ; Bri Erigi was in the territory of Ulaidh, andevidently in the Ards peninsula in the east of Co. Down ; Dr~iimne Breg isthe ridge of hills extending north of Slane. in Co. Meath, and south of Ardee,in Co. Louth.Benn Muilt. i.e.. the wether's ~eak-referrine. most ~robablv. to a SUDposedphysical res&blance-was'on the borde; of ~rdffne anx ~ir~hialfa.?he 1009 map has " Benmult."* Killdrumsheridan. " Killisertdenyn "-1590 I?zquis. " Kjlliserdinnycontaining 6 polls lyeinge aeere the parish church of Kiliisserdinny the rectoryis appropriate to the said Abbay [Abbey] of Fowre except the tiethes [tithes]of two polls which is mensall "--Rawlinson MS. Elsewhere I have shownthat the Disert Fincbeall of mediaevsl Roman documents is identical withthe present Rildrumsheridan- The denominations specified in the text are in the immediate neighbourhoodof the ancient parish church. " Kill " is identical with the presentDrumhurt which contains the ancient church site. " Drumchill " is nowDrumerkillew. "Aghor~rahen" is not marked on the modern townlandIndex Map, but it occnpicd the northern portion of the present DrumerkilIew; " Aghorahan "-1609 map. " Rachane " is now Rakane. ' Dromgress" is the present Drumnagress ; " Dromegrasse "-1690 Inqacas.. ;' Dronlanegress containing 1 polle lyeing neere the aforesaid church of Killiserdinny"-Rawlinsos MS. The townland of Long was also church property.t Druag. " Dronge "-1590 Inquis. In 16th century Papal documentsthe parish is occasionally mentioned, e g. Drong-De Annczlis Ilibenaiac, subanno 1423. That the parishes of Drung and Larngh werc at that time canonicallyunited appears from a petition presented to Pope Boniface IX in 1398." Dronge contayning 1 polle lyeinge neere the parish church of Drongc. Therectory [is] impropriate to the Abbay [Abbey] of Powre except the tiethes[tithes] of one polle which is mensall to the said Bishop of Killmore. ThereIS a viccar rrdc vicarj endowed. This rectory together with the wholeAbbay of Fowre and all the possessions thereof granted for tearme of yearesto the Lord Barron pTugentj of De1vin."-Rawlznson 31s.$Now the townland of Nagherintemple on the border of Co. Monaghan.The Down Sunay map has " Magheriholl " an extensive townland extendingfrcm " Bonoe "-Bunnoe-to the County border. The 1609 map has" Magheryintemple " with the ruined church indicated. This church, whichwas dedicated to St. Patrick, has long since been demolished ; a cemeterymarks the site. According to the Rawlimon MS. an annual fair was heldat " Magheryhullagh " on St. Patrick's Day ; this was a survival of thelocal pattern. On an early mnp of Breiffne, compiled during Eli~abeth'sreign the ruined church-" Temp. : Maghryehollagh "-is marked. Theancient district of Magherahollagh, which comprised all the townlands fromBunnoe to the County boundary, is nov usually known by the abbreviatedform, Maghera; maCaqre, i.e., a plain. The tavnland which containsthe site of the church is still known as Magherintemple. The present townlandof Ballyhally preserves the second part of the older name ; the DownSurvey has " Ballibollagh.'l.

a pottle of land, parcel of said parish, 6s.-that in the barony ofTwllygarvey are the several parishes, viz. : Killsardinny parish,containing 4 ,ballibetaghs, the parsonage is impropriate and thevicarage collative, the tithes are paid in kind, + to the vicar and3 to the late prior of Pour, except out of the two polls of Kill, 8of which are paid to the bishop ; Dronge parish, containing 6ballibetaghs. the tithes are paid to the parson and vicar as in theformer parish except out of the termon land of Maghereholch,and 12 polls and a gallon of Ballimcencheoll,* 3 of whicb are paidto said bishop, and that in said parish there is a chapel of easecalled Maghereholche, and that it appears by the register of thebishop of Kilmore that there was 18 marks due to said bishop outof thepossessions of the late abbey of Four, in the Co. of Cavan,which marks are to be paid as heretofore has been usual-that thebishop of Kilmore has heretofore collated to every void parsonageand vicarage within his diocese in said county, except such asbelong to any temporal person, or impropriate to any abbey,priory, or religious house, or belong to the bishop of Meath,and that if the bishop neglected to collate within six months,the right of collation lapses to the Archbishop of Armagh ;the parson, vicar, and herenaght are to repair and maintaintheir own parish church, at their own charge, out of their beneficesand termon lands, in which work the parishioners didoftentimes voluntarily give their bene colonte- that if any rentor duties are omitted to which the said bishop of Kilmore isentitled, the same to be made to accord with a rental of saidbishopric dated in the year 1502-that termon lands were knownbefore parishes were laid out and distinguished, and in thosetimes and in these parts were certain religious men in the.nature ofhermits, who sequestering themsel~es from all worldly business,* In a Papal document sub anno 1423 there is a reference to the rectory of" Balinlicanchobayll," a perpetual ecclesiastical bellefice " in parrochialiecclesia de Drong, Triburneasis dioc " (De Annatts Htberniae). In the sameyear Nerueas Ufeagaych (O'Fay), a priest of Kilmore diocese, was in possession,and the Archdeacon of Kilmore was directed by Pope Martin V todeclare the benefice canonically vacant and sarne to be conferred on AdamOfeagaych should the latter pro: himself worthy. A later document, dated1428, refers to the rectory of Balmcicanchobaill.' Under its btinisedforms the name is scarcely recognisable, but it is axparent that it is merelya corrupt form of Magherintemple, with " Bally prefixed in accordancewith the custom of the time. Magherahullagh was as already shown analias for Magherintemple. The name Magherahullagh was applied, however,to a more extensive area which included the termon lands ; Magherintemplewould have designated the lands in the immediate vicinity of the c?,urch.The prefix " Bally," since dropped, also occurred in " RallydrongeDrung) and " Ballytollevin " (i.e. Tullyvin), forms which are given inRan linsoia MS.t See Addendum.(i.e.

severally retired into private places,* where they devoted themselvesto prayer and other godly acts for their souls' health ; andin testimony of their zeal and devotion erected churches to whichthe temporal lords gave a portion of land for the purpose thatsaid religious men should maintain hospitality and pray for theirsouls' health, and repair and keep said churches and otherwiseadvance the service of God-and that upon these hermits .orreligious persons ceasing, each of them made choice of the mostsufficient person about him, and to that person and his sept he gavehis portion of land, to be inherited by him and his sept for the sameuses and intents as the temporal lords first gave them to said religiouspersons ; and to said lands were annexed certain libertiesand freedoms, as sanctuary and the like, for which cause said landswere called termon, or free and protected lands, the chief tenantin some places is called corbe, and in some places herenaghthatafterwards when the temporal lords in their several wars,and upon other occasions, began to charge and tax the termonlands with divers exactions, the coarbs and herenaghs fled tothe bishop of their diocese for protection against the wrongsand injuries inflicted cn them by the temporal lords, and forthe bishcp's pr~tection agreed to pay a rent or pension and sometimesthey sought the same of sucn one of the temporal lords asthey thought could defend them against the rest, and to whomsome of the corbes and herenaghs agreed to give rents or pensions ;until-such time the bishop never had anything to do either withtheir lands or tenements, but from thenceforth he undertook theprotection of the said herenagbs and their lands, ana in processof time took on him a, power to confirm each corbe and herenaghin their lands, and upon the alteration of any corbe or herenagh,took certain dutits which they yielded in order to continue underhis protection ; and when a corbe and herenagh were to be elected,and if the sept did not agree among themselves then the bishop andthe whole clergy assembled could elect one of the same sept,commonly the most ancient, who was to be confirmed by thebishop ; and if the whole sept at any time became extinct, thebishop could not detain or dispose of their lands but to an~thersept out of which the new corbe or herenagh rere to be created,to in1 erjt the lands to the same uses for which they bere originallygranted by the temporal lords to the hermits or religious men,and which the bishop could not do without the consent of thewhole clergy, nor alter or increase the rents or pensions ; and* Such places Mere usually known as Diserl (Itatin, clt.scrtu*:~), which fornismany parish and townland names, and is sometimes translated " Hermitage."There is a townland, Disert, in Kildallan parish and in the neighhourhood ofKilleshandra. The Disert Moaedkoig, or Hermitage of St. Mogue, was locatedsomewhere in Kildallan parish, and there is a reasonable probability forassuming that this townland mag have been the place of his retreat. Thehistorical evidence for this is, however, indecisive, and the question musta\vnjt further research.

if the corbe or herenagh, or any of the sept, forfeited any parcelof their land that same came not to the bishop, but dividedthrough the whole sept. The difference between corbe and herenaghis, that the corbe, called in Latin $lcibanzcs, is head of agreater family or sept, and sometimes has several septs andseveral herenaghs under him ; whereas the herenagh is head ofa smaller number of people, and seldom has under him more thanhis own sept.[This concludes the Cavan Inqz4isition. On September 18of the same year an Inquisition for Co. Fermanagh was held atBnniskillen, and the following abstract from its report concerns ?,the Fermanagh section of Kilmore Diocese].The bishop of Kilmore is seised of a rent of 4s. and a cosherieof 4 quarters of beef at his visitation, or 40 groats* in lieu thereofsent him home if he go not in person out of the herenagh lana ofKilenallie,? containing 3 tatesl new measure, of which Muntergromaghgis herenagh in Clonawlie barony, also of other rentsand duties the amount of which is not known, but refer to thebishop's register ; out of the herenagh land of I

Killesser* parish, the parsonage of which extending into somuch of Killnally parish as is in Clanawliy barony, is impropriateto the dissolved Abbey of Kells, and its vicarage is collative, thetithes are paid in kind, two-thirds to the parson and one-third tothe vicar, and repairs of the church as before, the vicars pay3 shillings proxies to the bishop of Kilmore.ADDEXTDUM.Concerning the functions of Coarb and Erenach (or Herenach),ecclesiastical offices so frequently mentioned in our mediaevaldocuments and which I have already discussed in previous papers,some further eqlanation may be necessary here. The Coarb(Corh~pb~ = an heir) was usually the successor to the saint whofounded the abbey or church. The Erenach (&p~eannac? = agovernor or head), usually a layman, was the superintendent orgeneral supervisor of the church lands ; he collected the rents andkept the church in repair. According to the Brehon Laws the- Coarb, or Abbot, of the Monastery should be selected from the fine,i.e. the family, of the founder. This system, which then obtainedin Ireland and other countries, is succinctly explained by Dr. JamesF. Kenney in his recent volume, Sources for the Early History ofIrelalzd, Vol. I., pp. 747 ct sep.. (New York : Columbia UniversityPress--1929).By the eleventh century [writes Dr. Kenney] it wouid seemthat in the average church the abbot, generally known astbe comarba, " heir," of the saintly founder, or if it were notthe saint's principal establishment, the aircinaech, "head,"had become a lay lord, whose family held the office and thechurch property from generation to generation ; the monk,manach, had become a tenant of church lands under theairciancch ; and the student, scol6g, had become a farmlabourer. In some cases, apparently, all trace of a churchestablishment had disappeared, except ,that the incumbentclaimed for his lands, the termonn of the ancient monastery,those privileges and exemptions which had from of old beenaccorded to ecclesiastical property ; but generally the comarbaor aircialzcch maintained a priest and, in the more importantchurches, one or more bishops and several priests, to administer5" Killaser contayning dim. tate lyeing neere the padsh church ofKillaiier WilIesher]. The rectory is appropriat to the Abbey of Kells inMeath. There is a viccar [vicar] endowed.Thisrectory is in the tenure of Capten Gerrot Fleming by force [of] lettrespatents of fee faxme."-RawZins9n M.S.

the sacraments and perform other sacerdotal duties. Thelarger churches were still extensive ecclesiastical institutions,with a numerous clergy, a school presided over by a fcr legind[i.e. a professor] ~ith his assistants and scribes, hospitals,sometimes attended by Ckli DDt, aho likewise had been secularised,and especially a hermitage or diwrt, where " pilgrims,"dedraid, from other districts or churches lived in seclusion andmaintained the ancient traditions of piety and asceticism.On the death of the Coarb, or Abbot, his successor, according tothe established custom, was chosen from the fine, or family, ofthe founder. In case that no member of the fine was at the time

figured prominently-St. Malachy and St. Laurence O'l'oole(obit 1180). Great Synods-Rathbreasail (1111) and Ceanannus(1152)-presided over by Papal Legates, established a new andcarefully planned diocesan system. Canons Regular, Cistercians,and other Religious Orders, were introduced from the Continent.It is significant that the lay Coarbs and Erenachs willingly sacrificedtheir vested rights, and appear to have accepted the Synodaldecrees without hesitation. Had they been usurpers such acquiescenceon their part would hardly have been realised : lay usurpationin the Irish Church was the exception rather than the rule.Some of the Irish monasteries adopted the rule of the CanonsRegular of St. Augustine. About 1124 St. Malachy introducedthe Canons to Bangor and a few years later his friend, IvarO'Hagan, founded a church for the Canons at Armagh. In thesame century the important monastery of Drurnlane also adoptedthe same rule.The evils of lay usurpation-do not appear to have manifestedthemselves in the Cavan monasteries. The Brehon systemwould seem to have worked smoothly until the troubles of the16th century rendered inoperative ecclesiastical organisation.In the Armagh Register of Primate Dowdall there is an interestingentry, sub nnno 1542, concerning the collation of Rev. Patrick_ Magerrigan (Garrigan) to the parish church of Moybolge. Hispredecessor, Geffredus Magergan (Geoffrey Garrigan), who hadbeen Erenach of Moybolge. had held the vicarage without hishaving been promoted to Holy Orders. The Register refers toGeffredus as " b~nae memoriae " (of happy memory) which leavesno doubt as regards his orthodoxy ; he appears to have died inthe early part of the same year. For many centuries the wellknowneast Breiffne family of Garrigan supplied the Erenachs ofMoy bolge.The relative paucity of such references in the mediaevalRegisters of Armagh may be accepted as an indication that layincumbents were comparatively rare. Even where they arementioned there is a notable absence of anything pertainingto lay usurpation. As Dr. Kenney (09. cit.) expresses it : " Theselay illcumbents of the abbatial office seem to have been for themost part men of. religion and learning who worked conscientiouslyfor the good of the Church." That there were someexceptions to this rule we must agree with Dr. Kenney's reasonedconclusions ; but these exceptions, except, perhaps, in a fewcases, can hardly have been of much importance. After thecoming of the Anglo-Normans the way was open to many abuses :Irish monastic life, especially within the precincts of the Pale,began to suffer disintegration. The breach between the Irishand the Anglo-Irish was subversive to ecclesiastical discipline,and the evil effects of these divisions for long disturbed the peaceof the country. But, notwithstanding these dissensions, an

analysis of the records of the Irish, Dioceses on the eve of. theReligious Revolt in the 16th century leads to one obvious .conclusion: that ecclesiastical organisation was still unimpaired,.and that the Irish traditional system of ecclesiastical governmenthad successfully withstood the test of centuries. In thisconnection the.Ilzyuisition return of 1609. is a document of paramountimportance preserving as it .does a unique and detailedaccount of our parochial system in mediaeval times.PHILIP O'CONNELL.

THE CORPORATION OF THEBOROUGH OF CAVAN;[Read, 24th May, 19281.In my Paper on The Corfioration of th? Borough o! Cavalz (1)(read on the 18th March, 1926, and published in this Journal,Vol. HI., No. 1,1926-'27), there has been given, in a comprehensiveway, the history of Cavan Corporation from its inception byRoyal Charter in 1611 .to its legal abolition in 1840. When refer-~ing therein to the original records of that body, it was statedthat in another paper (which this is) there would be given therefromthe names, dates of election, etc.-from 1696 to 1840-of the Corporation officers and officials, namely, the Sovereigns,the-Vice-Sovereigns, the Portreeves, the Deputy Portreeves, theBurgesses, the Recorders, the Deputy Recorders, the TownClerks, the Sergeants, the Constables, the Weighmasters, andalso the Attorneys and the Borough Members of Parliament,together with some particulars af the Freemen. Annexed willbe found lists giving the names of the occupants of these offices,the dates of election and the dates of swearing in, for the periodfrom the year 1696 to the year 1840.The following observations are made on the particulars givenin the lists herewith., SOVEREIGNS.Each year from 1696 to 1815, without a break, a Sovereign(the chief officer) was appointed. During that time, FrancisAldrich was Sovereign for fourteen years, from 1707 to 1720, occupyingthe position for this long consecutive period. Later, from1723 to 1726, he (or a person of the same name) was Vice-Sovereign.The chief officers, however, belonged mainly to the Clements andNesbitt families. Mr. Henry John Clements, who was appointedSovereign in 1817, held the post (seemingly without re-election)until 1838.

VICE-SOVEREIGNS,The first mention of the appointment of a Vice-Sovereign occursin 1698, and from that date until 1743 they fairly frequently heldoffice. Between 1757 and 1815 an annual choice was made.Records of long service for a consecutive number of years are :-Mark Magrath, eighteen years-1757 to 1774 ; Robert Freeman,twenty-one years-1775 to 1795 ; and Samuel Burrowes, twenty -two years-1796 to 1817. William Burrowes was elected in 1818,and continued in the ofice (apparently until 1838 without reappointment)for twenty-three years to 1840.PORTREEVES.The Charter of Incorporation provided for the appointmentof, among other officers, two Portreeves. Every year from1696 to 1815, two gentlemen (on,e only in 1702) were appointedto the position. The holders of the office were almost always theClements's and the Nesbitts. Two examples of long service will bementioned. Nathaniel Clements and Cosby Nesbitt acted jointlyas Portreeves from 1744 to 1757, a period of fourteen years. Alsoacting jointly, Theophilus Clements and Thomas Nesbitt occu-,pied the post for thirteen years, from 1790 to 1802.DEPUTY PORTREEVES.The office of Portreeve was, at least from the beginning of thesecond quarter of the eighteenth century, purely honorary. Theduties of the post-apparently they concerned the Borough LawCourt-were, it would seem, delegated to one Deputy Portreevefrom the year 1721, where the first record of such appointmentoccurs. From 1721 to 1732, a Deputy Portreeve was appointed,not regularly, but with fair frequency. Excepting the year 1781(for which no name appears), the office was never vacant betweenthe years 1734 and 1813. It is interesting to note that for a periodof twenty-one years (1740 to 1760) John Davis was the DeputyPortreeve. After that, between 1761 and 1840, the position wasoccupied exclusively by men named Stewart (or Steuart orStuart).BURGESSES;Burgesses to the number of twelve were among the members ofthe Corporation. In the Corporation book (period, 1680 to 1840),the earliest record of the election of a Burgess appears in 1699. Thelast election took place in 1838, when nine vacancies were filled.Seemingly,, the office was a life one. As a general rule, an electionwas held only for the appointment of a new Burgess in the room ofif.

one deceased. Of all families, the Clements's and Nesbitts are themost frequently mentioned in connection with this office. Onlya small number of persons residing in the town of Cavan wereappointed. People living in other parts of County Cavan, inDublin, Galway and elsewhere, were accorded the dignity ofBurgess. Truly, a prophet is without honour in his own country.In the ordinary way, it would be the duty of the Burgesses to actas Common Council of the Town. Although they were mainly nonresident,there were usually abo~~t six Burgesses, etc. (includingthe Sovereign, the Vice-Sovereign, and the Portreeves), and sometimesmore, together with a number of the freemen, at the annualmeetings at which the officers and officials were elected and swornin, respectively. But apart from this, it may be assumed thatthe general direction of municipal affairs was conducted by theSovereign or the Vice-Sovereign.RECORDERS.Excluding the Recorder and Town Clerk (Daniel Donnelly,Gent.) mentioned in the Charter of 1687-8, granted by KingJames II., the names of only three Recorders before 1785 areknown. Between 1785 and 1794 the office was filled annually.There were also appointments to it in the years 1797, 1800, 1801,and finally in 1839. The Recorders were generally, if not invariably,members of ihe legal profession-Counsellors at Law.It is likely that theposition was an honorary one, and that most,probably all, of the duties were performed by the DeputyRecorder.DEPUTY RECORDERS AND TOWN CLERKS.For reasons that will appear, tbe offices of Deputy Recorder andTown Clerk will be dealt with here together. Between 1703and 1815 and after the post of Deputy Recorder seems seldomor never to have wanted an occupant, though prior to 1782 electionswere not held yearly. From at least 1752 onwards, it wasusual for the one person to be Deputy Recorder and Town Clerk.In 1805, 1806 and 1807, Arcbibald Watt and Thomas Bligh wereappointed Deputy 5 Recorders and Town Clerks. Probably,Archibald Watt was the longest holder of the two offices mentioned.For twenty-two years (1783 to 1804) prior to 1805 heby himself was Deputy Recorder and Town Clerk. Iu 1773an Archd. Watt was one of the Petty Constables, and in 1782a gentleman of the same name was appointed weighmaster.Charles Swindell also acted as Deputy Recorder and Town Clerkfor almost as long a period (1759 to 1782) as Mr. Watt. CharlesSwindell, "the younger "-very likely a son of the DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk-was admitted and sworn an Attorneyof the Borough haw Court on the 17th March, 1774.

It is more than possible that it was the last Deputy Recorder,Thomas Bligh (probably a son of the Thomas Bligh previouslymentioned) who was the hero of an event chronicled in The CavanNcrald (Vol. 1, No. 4) of Tuesday, 21st September, 1824 :-On Thursday morning, in the Church of Cavan, by the Rev.Mr. Moore, Mr. Thomas Bligh, to .Mary Anne, eldest danghterof Mr. John Murray, watchmaker, both of this town."In that year a Thos. Bligh, baker, and n John Murray, merchant, ,Ilived in Main Street. Among the last freemen admitted (in 2838)were a Thomas Bligh and a John Murray.One gentleman, Oliver Nugent, Esq., held the ofhe (or offices ?)of Recorder and Town Clerk, in 1839.SERGEANTS.In the list of Sergeants, it will be noted that appointments werefairly frequent between 1702 and 1728, but mention of only twoap,xars after that date. Some being sworn to act during pleasure,it may account for the fact that the office was not filled by regularannual election. Again, it is ~ery likely that the Sovereignhimself appointed Sergeants. On the 29th June, 1724, whena mace was presented to the Corporation, there was an order madethat the Sovereign should have and appoint a proper personprobablydesignated the Sergeant or the Mace-to carry the same.As is not unreasonable to expect, where officials or servants werenot nominated directly at Corporation meetings, there is norecord oi them in the proceedings of that body.CONSTABLES.Between 1706 and 1723 and between 1772 and 1819 theappointment of Constables- usually styled " Petty Constables "-is recorded. The duties of these functionaries related, no doubt,to the norough Law Court. In 1819 a Mace-bearer and Constablewas sworn. This is the last mention of a Constable.W EIGHMASTERS.The Corporation appointed a Weighmaster in 1724 and 1779,and in 1782 a Weighmaster and a Deputy Weighmaster. It wouldseem that some time after 1782 the 1,crd Farnham of the dayarrogated to himself the right of appointment. This was continuedby his descendants down to 1923, when the right, with theMarket House, etc., was sold to Cavan Urban District Council-the present successors of the Corporation.

ATTORNEYS.The Attoineys can scarcely be called officers or officials of theCorporation, for they appeared for various litigants at the Rorongh1,aw Court. In the Corporation books there are entries of theiradmission by the Town Court between the years 1703 and 2728and between 1774 and 1784.BOROUGH MEMBERS OF PARIJAMENT.Between 1727 and 1798 tbe Corporation book (of 1680 to 1840)records the election of Burgesses to serve in the Irish House ofCommons. In the lists herewith will be found some detailsnot in the Lists of the Cavan Men~bers of the Irish Parliamentalready published in this Jon~wl (Vol. I., Nos. 1 and 2).The freemen were the ordinary members or voters of the Corporation.Komen were not given this honour of ireedom. Inthose days, of course, females had not any vote in public elections,much less being eligible for municipal or parliamentary office.From the to time the Corporation held courts or meetings atwhich freemen were admitted-" sworne free of the sd. rsaidiRllrr " [Borough]. Altogether, quite a large number were enrolled.The names of some of them appear in the last list annexed. Thereis no record where at any time the freedom of the Borough waspresented to any distinguished personages in recognition of their .high offices or for public services. Joseph Addison, the famousEnglish poet and essayist, received his freedom on the 5th May,1709. This, very likely, was a qualification precedent to hiselection as one of the town's representatives in the Irish Parliament.'GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.Between 1818 apd 1838-a period of twenty years-there isno record of the annual election and swearing in of officers andofficials. In 1838, 1839 and finally in 1840, officers and officialswere again sworn regularly.In the period dealt with, 1696 to 1840, the offices were almostinvariably filled by the wanimous choice of the Sovereign, Portreeves,Burgesses and Freemen. , One exception may be mentioned.In the election;of Sovereign on the 30th June, 1707,there were three candidates, and the voting was as follows :-For Lieut. (7) Fran : Aldrich-59 of the old freemen, three burgesses,and 50 of the new freemen. For Mr. Fleming--30 of theold freemen, 6 of the neb freemen, and 8 burgesses. For Mr. John

Ballard-7 freemen and 1 burgess. Lieut. (?) Fran : Aldrich waselected. As is previously stated, he was Sovereign for 14 years ,from that date.No doubt, the Clements-Nesbitt Compact of the 22nd March,1722, which regulated the distribution of offices, eliminated civiccontests, contributing at least to the smooth and harmoniousfunctioning of the Corporation of the Borough of Cavan.BOROUGH OF CAVAN.Year : Date Elected :1696 June 23rd1607 June 28th1698 June 27th1699 June 26th1700 July 6th1701 June 30th1701 -1702 June 29th1703 June 29th1704 J~me 26th1705 June 25th1706 July 1st1707 June 30th1708 June 28th1709 June 27th1710 Junc 26th1711 June 25th1712 June 33th1713 June 29th1714 Junc 28th1716 Jnly 27th1716 June 26th1717 July 1st1718 June 30th1719 June 29th1720 June 27th (I)1721 June 26th1722 June 26th1723 July 1st1724 June 29th1725 June 28th1726 June 27th1727 June 26th1728 July 1st1729 June 30th1730 June 29th1731 June 88th1732 June 26th1733 June 26th1734 July 1st1735 June 30thLIST OF SOVEREIGNS.Date Sworn :June 23rd (?)June 28th (?)October 3rdOctober 2ndSeptr. 1st /-Octr. 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 2ndOctober 30thOctr. 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2nd-October 6thOctober 6thOctober. 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6th (I)October 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 211dSeptr. 30thOctober 6thor 7th.October 6thOctober 4thOctober 2ndOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6th (I)Name of Sovereign :Thomas Ash, Esqr.Samuel Townley, Esqr.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr. .Robt. Clements, Esqr.John Price.Mr. Justice Thomas Coote.Lieut. (?) John Price (in theroom of Mr. Justice ThomasCoote).Thomas Townlev. Esar.Edward ~avenport, E^sqr.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Lieut. (?) Fran : Aldrich.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Fran : Aldrich, Esq.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Capn. Francis Aldrich.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Major Willm. Nesbitt.William Nesbitt, Senr., Esq.Col. Theophillus Clements.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Theoddus Clements.captain Thos. Nesbitt, (Esqr.)Robert Tighe.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Jnr., Esq.Lieut. (I) Henry Clements.William Nesbitt, Jnr., Esqr.William Nesbitt, Jnr., Esqr.William Nesbitt, jnr. (I), Esqr.Willm. Nesbitt, Junr. (I) Esqr.Wm. Nesbitt, Senior, Esqr.

Year : Date Elected:'1736 June 28th1737 June 27th1738 June 26th1739 June 26th1740 June 30th1741 June 29th1742 June 28th1743 June 27th1744(?) January 25th1744 June 26th1745 July 1st1746 June 30th1747 June 29th1748 June 27th1749 June 26th1760 June 26th1761 July 1st1752 June 29th1763 June 26th1764 July 1st1765 June 30th1766 June 28th1767 June 27th1767 November 6th1768 June 26th1769 June 26th1760 June 30th1760 December 8th1761 June 29th1762 June28th1763 June 27th1764 June 26th1765 July 1st1766 une 30th176, f une 29th i1768 June 27th1769 June 26thI770 June 26th.1771 July 1st1772 Tune 29th17f4 iune 27th1776 june 26th1776 July 1st1777 Tune 30th1778 june 29thDate Sworn.October 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdJanuary 26th(or 26th ?)October 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 2ndOctober 2ndSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctoher 3rd.November 5thOctober 2ndOctober 1stOctober 6thDecember 8thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOttober 6thOctober 6thOctober 3rdOctober 3rd(2nd 7)October 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 5thName of Sovereign.Wm. Nesbitt, Senior, Esqr.Wm. Nesbitt, Senior, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Senr., Esqr.Wm. Nesbitt, Senr., Esqr.Wm. Nesbitt, Scnr., Esqr.William Nesbitt, Senior, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Senior, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Senior, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Junior, Esqr.(in the room of his fatherdeceased).William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr., ofDromalees.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.Andrew Nixon, Esqr.Andw. Nixon, Esqr.Andw. Nixon, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr. (in theroom of Andw. Nixon, Esqr.,deceased).Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esquire.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr. [Surrenderedoffice in " open Court "on the 8th December, 1760," by a deed perfected by sd.Nesbitt to that purpose haveinga lawfull occation to surrenderthe same. "]Thos. Burrowes, Es r. (in theroom of cosby ~esBitt, Esqr.).1 hos. Burrowes, Esqr.l'hos. Burrowes, Esqr.Theop. Clements, Esqr.l'heops. Clements. Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theop. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theop. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.l'hos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops, Clements, Esqr.James Young, Eaqr.

Year : . Date Elected :1779 June 28th1780 -1781 -1782 July 1st1783 June 30th1784 June 28th1780 june 26th1787 June 26th1788 June 30th1789 June 29th1790 June 28th1791 June 27th1792 June 26th1793 July 1st1794 June 30th1796 June 29th1796 June 27th1707 June 26th (?)1798 June 26th1799 July 1st1800 J.une 30th1801 June 29th1802 June 28th1803 June 27th1804 June 26th1806 July 1st,1806 June 30th1807 June 29th1808 June 27th1809 June 26th181G June 26th1811 July 1st1812 June 29th1813 June 28th1814 Tune 27th1816 - (?) June1816 -1817 June 24th1838 (?) June 28th1838 September 28th1839 July 1st1840 June 29thDate .Sworn:Name of Sovereign :October 4th Henry Clements, Esqr.October 2nd James Young.October 1st 'l'heops. Clements, Esqr.September 30th James Young, Esqr.October 6th Theophilus Clements, Esqr.October 4th James Young, Esqr.October 3rd Theophilus Clements, Esqr.October 2nd James Young, Esqr.October 1st Henry Clements, Esqr.October 6th James Young, Esqr.October 6th Henry Clements, Esqr.October 4th James Young, Esqr.October 3rd Henry Clements, Esqr.October 1st James Young, Esqr.September 30th Henry Clements, Esqr.October 6th James Young, Esqr.October 6th Henry Clements. Esqr.October 3rd James Young, Esqr.October 2nd Henry Clements, Esqr.October 1st James Young, Esqr.September 30th Henry Clements, Esqr.October 6th Rev. Albert Nesbitt (Clerk)October 6th Henry ClementsOctober 4th Major Cosby Nesbitt. ,October 3rd Theophs. Clements, Esqr.October 1st Thos. Nesbitt, Eqr.September 30th Saml. Madden, Esqr.October 6th Major Cosby Nesbitt.October 6th Revd. Edward Lucas.October 3rd Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.October 2nd Tohn Richardson. Esar.October 1st &by Nesbitt. Aqr.*- September John Richardson, Esqr.or - October (?)October 6thOctober 4th(?) October- (?) October--September 29thSeptember 30thReverend Edwd. Lucas.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Revd. Edward Lucas.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.-Right Honble. John HenryClements (Right Honble.Henry John Clements ?)[No elections are recorded between1818 and 1838, butHenry John Clements, Es r.,seems to have been Soterdgnduring that period.]Henry John Clements, aqr.John Nesbitt, Esqr., of Lismore(for the remainder ofthe present year, in the roomof Henry John Clements,Esqr., resigned on the 28thSeptember. 1838).Theophilus Lucas Clements.Esq.John Nesbitt, Esqr.

BOROUGH396OF CAVAN.LIST OF VICE-SOVEREIGNS.Year : Date Elected : Datesworn :1698(?) - October 3rd1699 - October 2nd1700 - -1701 - -.1702 -1703 .-1703 -Odr. 6thJuly 29thOctober 4th-October 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rd-October 6thOctober 6th-May 23rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOdober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2nd-Septr. 30th. -. October 6th-.. May 13th. October 4thJune 27th . October 3rdJune 26th ' October 2ndJune 26th October 26thJune 30th October 6thJune 29th October 6th1742 Tune 28th October 4th1743 june 27th October 3rd- - -1757 November 14th November 14th1768 June 2Ath October 2nd1769 June 26th October 1st1760 June 30th October 6th1761 Jnae, 29th October 6thNaie of Vice-Sovereign :John Price.Mr. John Price.-John Price, Gent.Lieut (7) John Price.Mr. John Price.-John Price, Gent.[At a Court of the Corporationon the 16th May, 1707, JohnPrice was suspended from hisOffice of Vice-Sovereign forrefusing to come " into Courtto consult about maters relatingto the sd. Corporacon"].Nr. Abraham Finlay.Abraham FinlayAbraham Finlay-Mr. Abraham FinlayAbra: Finlay, Gent.-William Nesbitt, Esqr.William Nesbitt, junr.Francis Aldrich,Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Francis Aldrich, Esqr.Fran : Aldrich, Esqr.Alexr. Brookes, or Brooke,Esqr.William Nesbitt, jun., Esqr.-William Nesbitt, Junr., Esqr.. -William Nesbitt, junr., ~ s ~ r .- Wm. Nesbitt, junior. ~s~r:;. Wm. Nesbitt, junior, Esq~;~. William Nesbitt, junr.. Esqf.William Nesbitt, junr., Esqr. .William Nesbitt, junr.. Esqr.William Nesbitt, junior, Esqr.William Nesbitt, junior, ESqr.William Nesbitt, junior, Esqt.-Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath. Esqr. ' .Mark Maerath. Esauire.Mark ~agrath; ~sqr. *Mark Magrath, Esqr.

Year: Date Elected :1762 June 28th1763 June 27th1764 June 26th1766 July 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 27thJune 26thJune 26thJuly 1stJune 29thJune 28thJune 27thJanuary 21stJune 26thJuly 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 28th-July 1stJune 30thJune 28thJune 27thJune 26thJune 26thJune 30thJune 29thJune 28thJune 27thJune 26thJuly 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 27thJune 26th (7)June 26thJuly 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 28thJune 27thJune 26th .July 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 27thJune 26thJune 26thJuly 1stJune 29thDate Sworn:October 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 3rdOctober 3rd(2nd ?)October 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdJanuary 21stOctober 2ndSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 2ndOctober 1stSeptember, 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctobbr 5thOctober 3rd(and previouslyon 21stMarch, 1796)October 2pdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctoi3er 4th'October 3rd:October 1stSeptember 30th.October 6thOctober 6thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1st- Septemberor- October (?)Odober 6thName of Vice-Sovereign :Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath. Esqr.Mark Magath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath, gsqr.Mark Magrath, Esqr.Mark Magrath. nsqr.Mr. Robt. Freenian (in the roomof Mark Magrath, Esqr.,deceased)Robert Freeman. Esqr.Robert Freeman. Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr. -kobert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Robert Freeman, Esqr.Sam. Burrowes. Esqr.Sam. Burrowes, Esqr.Sd. Burrowes, Esqr.Samuel Burrowes. Eeqr.Saml. Burrowes, Esqr.Saml. Burrowes, Esqr.Sad. Bunowes, Esqr.Samuel Burrowes, Esqr. *Samuel Burrowes, Esqr.S d . Burrowes. Esqr.Samuel Burrowes, Ekqr.Sad. Burrowes, Esqr.Saml. Burrowes, Esqr.Sad. Burrowes, Esqr.Samuel Burrowes, Esqr.Saml. Burrowes. Esqr.Saml. Burrowes, Esqr.

Year : Date Elected :1813 June 28th1814 June 27th1816 - (?) June1816 -1817 June 24th1818 April 1st1838 (?) June 28th1839 July 1st1840 June 29thDate Sworn :October 4th- (?) October-. (I) October-April 1stSeptember 29thSeptember 30thName of Vice-Soverei& :Samuel Burrowes, Esqr.Samuel Burrowes, Esqr.Samuel Burrowes, Esqr.-Samuel Burrowes, Esqr.William Burrowes, Esqr.!Elected Burgess same dayin the room of Samuel Bur.rowes. Esqr., deceased.)[No elections are recorded between1818 and 1838, butWilliam Rurrowes, Esqr.,seems to have been Vice-Sovereign during that period.]William Borrowes, Esqr.William Burrowes, Esqr.William Burrowes, Esqr.BOROUGH OF CAVAN.--LIST OF PORTREEVES.Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn :1697 Jun&2:th1698 June 27thDo.1699 Jun5","1700 JyEhJune 30th1701( Do.i1704 JyDzy1705 June 25th 'Do.July 1st1706f Do:June 30th1707{ Do.1707 'JU~Y 17thJune 23rd (?)Do. (?)June 28th (?)Do. (?)October 3rdDo.-Septr. 1stDo.-Octr. 6thOdr. 6th-Octr. 4thDo.Octr. 2ndDo.-October 30thDo.October 6thDo.July 17thNames of Portreeves :Mr. Thomas Fleming.Mr. William Broke.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Hen : Gullim.Mr. John Ballard.Mr. Alexr. Sanderson.Hen : Waldrane, Esqr.Tho : Ash, Esqr.John RallardHen : Gullims.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Capt. Edward Davenport.John Ballard, Gent.-Mr. Connors (?) Perrott.Mr. John Ballarde.Thomas Fleming, jnnr., Esqr.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Mr. John Ballard.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Mr. John Baliard.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Mr. John Ballard.Arnold Cosbye. Esqr.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Mr. Isaac Adreene (in the roomof Mr. John Ballard, deceyed).[Note.-This do& not properlyfollow the previous entry.The date, July 17th. does notseem to be the true one.]

Year : Date Elected :1708 { Jme 28thDo.117161717 July lstDo.-1718 June 30thDo.1719 June 29thDo.une 29th1724 t~iDo.1727 Jun\:6thune 28th1726 Do.,726 JunkythJune 30th1729I Do.tm e 26thJ. Do.1734 July 1stDo. . .Date Sworn : Names of Portreeves :October 4th-October 3rdDo.October 2ndDo.-October 6thDo.~ctober 6thno.October 4thDo.October 3rdNovember 10thArnold Cosbye, Esqr.Alexr. Brooke, Gent.Major Arnold Cosbye.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Alexander Brooke, Gent.Arnold Cosbye, Rsqr.Alexr. Brooke, Gent.Arnold Cosbye, Esqr.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Willm. Nesbitt, Esqre.Abra. Finlay (or ffinlay), Gent.William Nesbitt, Esqr.Abraham Finlay (or ffinlay),Gent.~r&ld~~osb~e.May 30th (1717)October 1st (1716) Major Wm Nesbitt.September 3bth . a mold Cosby (or Cosbye).Do.Maior Willm. Nesbitt.March 12th ~ajor Wm. Nesbitt.October 6th-October 6th (?)-October 3rdDo.October 2ndOctober 26th-October 1stDo.-September 30th-October 6thOctober 4thDo..-0ctober 3rdOctober 2ndDo.Septr. 30th-October 6th or7th.Do.October 6thDo.0dober 4thDo.October 2ndDo.October 1stDo.September 3 dDo.Col. (I) Arnold Cosby.Xajor William Nesbitt.Col. Arnold Cosbey (or Cosbye).Major William Nesbitt.Col. Arnold Cosbye.Xajor Willm. Nesbitt.Col. Arnold Cosbey.Mr. Alexr. Broocks (or Brooke).Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Alexr. Brooke.William Nesbitt. Esqr.Willm. Nesbitt, Jn.Col. Theophilus Clements.Mr. William Nest~itt.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Mr. William Nesbitt.Col. Theophilus Clements.Henry Clements.Thomas Nesbitt, +qr.William Nesbitt, Esqr.Robt. Tighe, Es I.John Clernents, %sqr.John Clements, Esqr.Henry Clemcnts, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Mr. Alexr. Brooke.Henry Clements, Esqr.John Clements, Esqr.John Clements, Esqr.Henry Clements, Esqr.1 hos. Nesbitt. Esqr. .Henry Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt. Esqr.Henry Clements, Esqr.

Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn : Names of Portreeves :iOctober 6th (?)1736Tho. Nesbitt, Esqr;Do. (? Henry Clements, Esqr.1736 June 28th October 4th Tho. Nesbitt, Esqr.Do. Do. H. Clements, Bsqr.Tho. Nesbitt, Esqr.1737 un;",7th October Do. 3rd H. Slements, Esqr.1738 ' June 26th October 2nd Henry Clements, Bsqr.Do. Do. Alexr. Brooke.~ctobir 1st ?t'hi.~esbitt, Esqr.Do.Henry Clements, Esqr.October Gth Tho. Nesbitt, Esqr.Do.H. Clements. Esar.June 29th October 5th Major Henry ~le&ents (Esqr.).'741{ Do.Do.Cosbv Nesbitt. Esar.en;^ ~lemeha, Bsqr.Do.une 27thOctober 4thDo. , Cmby Nesbitt, Esqr.-Henry Clements, Esqr.October 3rd Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.1744October 1st Nathl. Clements, Esqr.Do.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.-Nathl. Clements, Esqr.September 30t Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.-Nathl. Clements. Esqr.October 6th Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.June 20th October 6th Nathaniel Clements, Esqr.1 7bun;F4 Do.Do.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.1748 June 27th October 3rd Nathaniel Clements, Esqr.Do.Cosby Nesbitt, Rsqr.174g October 2nd Nathaniel Clements, Esqr.Do.Cosbv Nesbitt. Esar.June 26th -ath hi. ~lemeits, ~sqr.1760{ Do. October 1st Cosby Nesbitt, Bsqr.uly 1st -NatM. Clements, Esqr.1761{J Do, September 30th Cosbv Nesbitt, Esar.0&0ber 2nd Natld. ~lements. 'Do.Cosby Nesbitt.October 2nd Nathl. Clements, Esqr.Do. , Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr. -- Nathl. Clements, Esqr.Se~tember 30th Cosbv Nesbitt. Esar.une 30th 0;tober 6th ~ a t~lem&, k $sqr.Do.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.une 28th October 4th. N at~aniel Clements; Esqr.Do.Do.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Tune 27th October 3rd lhe Rieht Honble. Nathl.17674 - ' ~lemek (Esqr.)Do.,Do. Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.1757 November 6th November 6th George Montgomery. Esqr. (inthe room of Cosby Nesbitt.Esqr., resigned, who wasa pointed Sovereign in theJune 26th1768{ Do.June 26thOctober 2ndDo.October 1stDo.&e of Andw. Nixon, Esqr.,deceased).Right Honble. Nathl. Clements.Thos. Burrowes, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esquire.Thomas Burrvwes, Esquire.

400Sear : Date Elected : Date Sworn :1760{JuneDt)th'October 6th. Do.1760 December 8th December 8thf June 29th October 6th1761.\ Do. Do.June 28th October 4th17"7r Do.Do.October Do. 3rd'1764 April 3rd -1763 ( ~ ~ ~ \ z ~ ~Do.Do.Do.Tune 26th,,,,{ Jun?&h Do.1771 July IstDo.June 27thUO.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.fume 30th1783{ DO.October 1stDo.~e~tkmber 30thDo.October 6thDo.October 6thDo.October 3rdDo.October 3rd(2nd ?)Do.October 1stDo.September 30thDo.October 5thDo.October 4thDo.October 3rd 'Do.October 2ndDo.October 6thDo.October 6thDo.October 4thDo.~ctober 1stDo.September 30thDd.October 6th-Names of Portreeves :Theops. Clements, Esqr.'rhos. Burrowes, Esqr.[Surrendered office in " openCourt " on the 8th December,1760.1Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr. (in theroom of Thomas Burroms,appointed Sovereign.)Casby Nesbitt, Esqr.'I heops. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theop. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Thomas Bnrrowes, Esqr.Mr. George Highgbothom (inthe room 01 Thomas Bur.rowes, Esqr, deceased.)Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Mr. George Higingbothom.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Mr. George Higingbothom.'Iheophilus Clements, Esqr.Mr. George Higinbothom.Cosby Nesbitt, Bsqr.George Montgomery, Esqr.Theop. Clements, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.William Harlmess, Esqr.Theop. Clements, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Zsqr.George Montgomery, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.George Montgomery, Esqr.Theops. Clements. Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt. Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.George Montgomery. Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt. Esqr.Henry Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops. Clements.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt. Esqr.Theops. Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Henry Clements, Esqr.Theops Clemmts, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Henry Clements, Esqr.

Yeari: Date E1,eded :1784 June 28thDo.1786 June 27thDo.1786 ~uie 26thDo.1757 June 26thiDo.1788 June 30thDo.1789 Juue 29thDo.1790 June 28thDo.Do.Do.Do.1794 ~une 30thDo.Do.1799 July 1stDo.1804 June 26thr' Do.Date Sworn :October 4thDo.Octobcr 3rdDo.October 2ndDo.October 1stDo.October 6thDo.October 6thDo.October 4thDo.October 3rdDo.October 1stDo.September 30thDo.October 6thDo.October 6thDo.October 3rdDo.October 2ndDo.October 1stDo.September 30thDo.October 6thDo.October 6thDo.October 4thDo.October 3rdDo.October 1stDo.September 30thDo.October 6thDo.October 6thDo.October 3rdDo.October 2ndDo.October 1stDo.- September, or- October (?)Do.October 6thDo.Names of Portreeves :Theophilus Clements, Esqr.Cosbp Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Henry Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theophilus Clements, Esqr.Theophilus Clements, Esqr.James Young, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theos. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Theos. Clements, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esq.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt. Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esquire.Thos. Nesbitt, Esquire.lheops. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theo. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theo. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esq.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Theophilus Clements, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Theops. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theos. Clements, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theophs. Clements. Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Reud. Edw. Lucas.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Theos. Clements, Esqr.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Revd. Edward Lucas.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Revd. Edward Lacas.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.John Richardson, Esqr.Major Nesbitt.John Richardson, Bsqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Rev. Ed. Lucas.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.John Richardson, Esqr.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.Samuel Madden, Esqr.Thos. Nesbit. Esar.

.Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn :October 4thDo., - (?) OctoberDo.-(?) OctoberDo.Do.1816 -June 24th1817{ Do.1839 J& lit- September 30thDo.Do.1840 June 29th Do, -Names of Portreeves :Reverend Edward Lucas.Cosby Nesbit, Esqr.Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Robert Sanderson, Esqr.Major Cosby Nesbitt.Revd. John Richardson.-Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.Robt. Sanderson, Esqr.-Theos. Lucas Clements. Esquire;.John Nesbitt, Esquire.John Nesbitt, Esqr.Cosbg Nesbitt, Esqr.Samuel Moore, Esqr.Robert Burrowes, Esqr.BOROUGH OF CAVAN.- -1731 1732 - 1734 1736 -17361737 1738 1739 -1740 June 30th1741 June 29th1742 June 28th1743 June 27th1744 June 26th1746 -17a6 Tune 30thLIST OF DEPUTY PORTREEVES.Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn :1721 1722 - -1727 -1728November 2ndOctober 1st-October 2ndSept. 30th-October 4thOctober 2nd-Sept. 30thOctober 6th ( I)October 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stApril 10th andOctober 6th.October 6thOctobcr 9thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6th1747 june 20th October 5th1748 June 27th October 3rd '1749 June 26th October 2nd1760 June 26th October 1st1761 July 1st September 30th1762 June 29th October 2nd ,1763 June 26th October 2nd -Name of Deputy Portreeve :Samll. Hill (?).Saml. Hill.-Saml. Hill.Saml. Hill.-Saml. Hill.Saml. Hill.-sad. Hill.Sam Hill.Sam Hill.Saml. Hill.Saml. Hill.Saml. Hill.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.John Davis.Tohn Davis.

\'Year : Date Elected :1764 Jtdy 1st1766 June 30th1766 June 28th '1767 June 27th1768 June 26th1769 June 26th1760 June 30th1761 Jtme 29thI762 June 28th1763 June 27th1764 June 26th1765 July 1st1760 June 30th1767 Jtne 29th1788 June 27th1769 June 26th1770 June 26th1771 July 1st1772 June 29th1773 June 28th1774 Tune 27th1776 iune 26th1776 juii 1st1777 June 30th1778 Tune 29th1779 june 88th1780 -1781 -1782 July 1st1783 June 30th1784 June. 28th1785 June 27th1786 June 26thJune 26thJune 3MhJune 29thJune 28thJune 27thJune 26thJuly 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 27thJune 26th (?)June 26thJuly 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 28thDate Sworn :September 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 3rdOctober 3rd(2nd ?)October 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 2nd-September 30thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rd' October 2ndOctober 1stOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6th ,October 6thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 4thN~me of Deputy Portreeve :John Davis.John Davis.John Davis, Gent.John Davis, Gent.John Davis, Gent.John Davis, Gent.John Davis, Gt..Edwcl. Stuart [For signature hisname and " his mark"appear.]Edward Steuart (or Stewart).[What would seem to be hissignature is given ; the writingis very poor, a scrawl.]Edward Steuart.Edward Steuart.Edward Steuart.Edward Steuart.Charles Steuart (or Stuart).Charles Steuart.Charles Stewart.Charles StewartCharles Steuart.Charles Steuart.Chas. Steuart.Charles Steuart.Charles Steuart.Charles Stewart.Charles Steuart.Charles StewartCharles Stewart.Chas. Stewart.Charles Stewart.Charles Stuart.Charles Steuart.Charles Steuart.William Steuart.mlected and sworn on the 26thJune, 1786, in the room ofChas. Steuart, deceased.]William Steuart.William Steuart.William Steuart.William Steuart.William Steuart (or Stewart).Wfflliam Steuart.William Steuart.William Steuart.William Steuart (or Stewart).Wm. Steuart.Wm. Steuart.Wm. Steuart (or Stnart).William Stuart.Wm. Stewart.Wm. Stuart.William Stewart (or Stuart).

Year : Date Elected :June 27thJune 26thJuly 1stJune 30thJune 29thJune 27thJune 26thJune 26thJuly 1st1812 June 29th1813 June 28th- -1838 September 28th1839 July 1st1840 June 29thDate Sworn : Name of Deputy Portreeve :October 3rd William Stewart.October 1st William Stewart.September 30th William Stewart.October 6th William Stewart. 'October 6th William Stewart.October 3rd William Stewart.October 2nd William Stewait.October 1st William Stewart.September or William Stnart.- October (?)October 6th William Stuart.October 4th William Stuart.-- Charles Stewart.September 30th Charles Stewart.- Chas. Stewart (or Stuart 7).-BOROUGH OF CAVAN.Year : Date Elected :1699 June 8th1702 January 23th (7)1703 April 1st1704 -1704 -1704 -1704 August 31st1707 July 17thLIST OF BURGESSES.Date Sworn : Name of Burgess :J ~ 25th Y Mr. Justice Thomas Coote (inthe room of Sam. Townley,deceased.)October 6th Capt. Thomas Townley (in theroom of Henry Waldrane,Escp., deceased).January 29th (?) Contd. (?) Francis White (7) (inthe room of Tames Moore.Esqr., of " ~orkrliath in theCounty Tirone" [Tyrone ?],resigned).April 1st Ueut. (7) Conners Perrott (in theroom of Lieut. 171 ThomasBennett, resigned).'October 4th Mr. Thomas Fleming, junr. (inthe room of Lieut. (I) . - ConnersPerrott).Do.Mr. Alesr. Brooke (in the roomof Mr. William Brooke. hisfather).August 31st Mr. John Ballard.DO. Mr. Alexander Brooke.DO. Mr. Isaac Adreene.- Capt. Henery Gullim.July 17th Mr. -4bra: Finlay (in the room. of Mr. John Ballard, deceased).May 20th Robt. Sanderson, Esqr. (in theroom of Mr. Isaac Adreene, itbeing decided, at a Public' Court, that the latter had notshown he was qualified to bea Burgess).

Year : Date El'eded :1708 August 30th1720 January 27th1721 (?) December 1st1722 February 10th1722 February 12th1722 May 23rd1723 -1724 April 30th1726 October 22nd1727 -1728 September 18th1729 February 7th (?)1734 September 23rd1736 Yarch 19th1739 (1) - . -1740 January 27thate Sworn :, -March 31st. 1721December 1stSeptember 30th.1723.January 2nd.1723.Jan. 4th (?)August 26thApril 1st. 1726October 9thSeptember 10thFebruary 7th (I)-June 26th-Name of Burgess :Major William Nesbitt (in theroom of Capt. Thomas Fleming,Senior, deceased).Theophilus Clements. Esqr. (inthe room of Abraham Finlay,deceased).Captain Thomas Nesbitt (in theroom of Mr. Henery Gullims,deceased).Robert Tigh. Esqr. (in the roomof Robert Clements, Esqr.,deceased).Mr. Thomas Finlay (in the roomof Thomas Ash, Esqr., decensed).Mr. William Nesbitt (in theroom of Col. Arnold Cosbye,deceased).William Nesbitt, Esqr. (in theroom of Arnold Cosby, deceased).nTote.--Compare the entryjust before this one.]John Clements (in the room ofThomas Ponally, Esqr., deceased).Mr. Robt. Nesbitt (in the roomof Col. Robt. Sanderson,deceased).Mr. Henry Clements (in theroomof Francis Whyte, Esqr., ofRedhill, deceased).Mr. John Clements.[Note.-Compare entry for' 1723.1James Nesbitt, Esqr. (in theroom of Theophilus Clements,Esqr., deceased).James Nesbitt, Bsqr. (in theroom of Theophilus Clements,Esqr., deceased).[Note.-Compare the entry justbefore this one.]Mr. Nathaniel Clements (in theroom of Edward Davenport,Esqr., deceased).Alexr. Nesbitt, Gent., of theCity of Dublin (in the room ofFrancis Aldrich, Esqr.. deceased).Charles Lambert, Esqr. (in theroom of John Price, Senr.,deceased).Charles Lambert.[Note.-Compare entry yrei-iousto this one.)Cosby Nesbitt (in the room ofCharles Lambut, Esqr., deceased).

Year : Date Elected :1741 May 14th1741 June 13th1741 -1742 August 26th1743 June 11th1744 (1) February 1st1746 June 8th1746 Jdy 20th1747 July 30th1760 April 80th1761 June 3rd1761 June 17th1766 April 19th1766 December 20th1767 April 18th1767 November 14406Date Sworn :-June 13thMay 14th-.26th June, 1744June 8th--April 30thNovember 14th,Name of Burgess :Thom. Tygh, Esqr., of Mitchellstown(in the room of ThomasCoote, Esqr., deceased).John Tuite, Esqr., of Ballynageran(?) (in the room ofJames Nesbitt, Esqr., deceased).Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr.William Sanford. Esqr., of theCity of Dublin (in the room ofRobert Nesbitt, Esqr., deceased).Thomas Burrowes, Esqr, (in theroom of Alexr. Nesbitt, Esqr.,deceased).George Higginbotham, Gentn.(in the room of William Nes-.;,. bitt, the elder, Esqr., deceased).Mr. Andrew Nixon, Gentn., ofCavan (in the room of Col.Henry Clements, deceased).Mr. Robt. Clements fin the roomof his father, JOG ~lements,Esqr., deceased).Alexr. Nesbitt, of the City ofDublin (in the room of Robert~leinenb, Esqr., deceased).l'heo hilus Clements, Esqr., ofR 3 eny, County Cavan(in the room of ThomasNesbitt, Esqr., deceased);Andrew Nesbitt, Esqr.. of theCity of Dublin (in the roomof Thomas Fleming, Esqr.,deceased).Robert Clements, Esqr.. of theCity of Dublin (in the roomof Alexander Brooke, Gent.,deceased).John Enery, Esqr., of BoynboyrBawnbov ?1 (in the room of~illiarn - Gesbitt, Esquiqe.Dromalee, County Cavan,deceased).George Montgomery, Esqr. (inroom of John Enery, Esqr.. ofBoynboy [Bawnboy ?I, CountyCavan, deceased).Captain William Nesbitt (in theroom of John l'uite, Esqr.. ofNewgrove, County Meath,lately deceased).Mark Magrath, Gent., of Cavan,late Town Clerk (in the roomof Andw. Nixon, Esqr., deceased).

\407Year : Date Elected :1762 January 6th1764 April 3rd1767 June 20th1767 November llth1767 December 20th1768 April 18th1769 February 10th'1778 April 16th1778 April 16th1782 September 30th. .., '.1787 October 1st,Date Sworn :January 6thJune 26th-June 29thNovember llthDecember 20th '- June, 1768 (?)February 10thJanuary 21stNovember 8thApril 16thApril 16thSeptember 30thOctober 1stName of Burgess :Revd. A. Deacon Jos. Story, ofBingfield, County Cavan (inroom of Stern 3 ighe. Esqr., ofMitchelstown, County Westmeath,deceased).William Harkness, Esqr., ofCorr, County Cavan. [Seeentry at 17691.Col. John Eyre (Esqr.), of EyreCourt, County Galway (inthe room of Thomas Bur-rows, Esqr., of Stradone.County Cavan, deceased).Capt. Thomas Nesbitt (Ihqr.),of Lismore (in the room ofWilliam Sanford, Esqr., deceased).Capt. Henry, Clements, ofRakenny (m the room ofRobert Tighe. Esqr., deceased).John Nesbitt, Esqr., of the Cityof Dublin (in the room of theRevd. Arch. Deacon Story, .deceased).Mr. Henry Taylor, of Rakenny(in the room of Mr. GeorgeHighgbotham, deceased).William Harkness, of Corr (inthe room of Mr. HenryTaylor, deceased).[See entry at 1763.1,Mr. Robt. Freeman, of Cavan,(in the room of Mark Magrath,Esqr., deceased).John Enery, Esqr., Bawnboy,County Cavan (in the room ofThomas Finlay, of the Cityof Dublin, deceased).Capt. John Clernents (Esqr.), ofthe City of Dublin (in theroom of the Right Honble.Nathl. Clements (Esqr.), ofthe City of Dublin, deceased).James Young, Esqr.. of Lahard,County Cavan (in the room ofCol. William Nesbitt (Esqr.),deceased).Robert Clements, Esquire, ofRakeney, County Cavan (inthe room of the Rt. Wonble.Lard Eyre, deceased).Sad. Madden, Esqr.. of Hflton,County Monaglian (in' theroom of George Montgomery.of Ballyconnell, CountyCavan, deceased).

Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn : Name of Burgess :1791 October 3rd - Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr., of CrossdonevLodge, County Cavan(in the room of Cosby Nesbitt,Esqr., of Ihmore, deceased).1796 March 21st - Sam. Rurrowes, Esqr., of Cavan(in the room of Robt. Free-man, Esqr., of Cavan, deceased).1797 June 26th - Revd. Albert (?) Nesbitt, ofCrossdoney Lodge, CountyCavan (in the roomof WilliamHarkness, of Cor, whose resignationas a Burgess-due1803 June 27thto age and infirmity-was acceptedat a Town Court onthe 27th June, 1796).John Richardson, Ekqr.. ofSummerhill (in the room ofHenry Clements, Esqr., deceased).1803 Do.Revd. Ed. Lucas, of WoodLodge (in the room of RobertClements, Esqr., deceased).[Note.-The Revd. Ed. Lucasmarried a Miss Clements, ofRathkenny. Cootehill. Therebeing no successor in the maleline of the Clements family,the Revd. Ed. Lucas added" Clements " to his name,and the family has since beennamed Lucas-Clements.]1805 July 1st September 30th Henry J. Clements, Esqr., ofAshfidd Lodge[Cootehill](in the room of the RightHonble. Earldeceased).of Leitrim,1805 July 1st September 30th (?) Revd. Jos. Story, of BallyconnellHouse (in the room ofTheos. Clements, Esqr.,deceased).1809(?) October 2nd (?) October 2nd (?) Snmd. Moore, Esqr.1810 October 1st October 1st Robt. Saunderson, aqr. (in theroom of the Revd. Jos. Story,deceased).1810 October 1st October 1st . Cosby Young, Esqr. (in fheroomof Js. Young, deceased).1811 --September or - Thomas Burrowes, Esqr., of-October (?) Stradone.1813 October 4th October 4th Reverend John Richardson (inthe room of his father, MajorJohn Richardson (Esqr.), whoresigned, his residing in Englandmaking it impossible for1818 April 1st April 1sthim to attend.).William Burrowes, &qr. (inthe room of Samuel Burrowes,aqr., deceased).

Yew : Date Blccted :1818 April 1st1818 Do.1838 (?) June 28thisss (I)DO.1838 (?) Do.1838 (?) Do.1838 (?) Do.1838 (?) Do.1838 (?) Do.1838 (?) Do.1838 (?) Do.Date Sworn : Name of Burgess. :Revd. Jos. Story.- William Nesbitt, Esqr.September 18th Theophilus [Edward] lucasClements, Esqr.- John Nesbitt, Bqr.September 30th. Robert Burromes, Esqr.1839.September 30th. Cosby Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.1839.Alexander Nesbitt, Esqr.- John Tatlom, Esqr.June 28th, 1838 George $ye, Bqr. ,[He put" M.D. to his signature inthe Corporation book. In1824 a George Roe, Esq..Surgeonand M.D., had chargeof the County Infirmary--now called the County SurgicalHospital-in the town ofCavan.]June26, 1838 Henry Theos. Kilbee, Esqr.September 30th. Robert Sanderson, Esqr.1830.BOROUGH OF CAVAN.LIST OF RECORDERS.Pear : Date Elected :1G99 (About) -1707 October Gth1731 June 28th1785 June 27th ,1786 June 2Gth1787 Jnne 26th1788 June 30th1789 June 29th1790 June 28th1791 June 27thDate Sworn : Name of Recorder :- Robt. Sanders. Esqr.November 3rd Nicholas Mahon, Esqr., Counselat-Law(in the room of Robt.Sanders, Esqr., " HerMajesty's Privy Sergant-at -law for neglect of his duty ") .Sept. 18th Jdard Nesbitt, Esqr., Counselat-law(in the room ofNicholas Mahon, Esqr., deceased).October 3rd Robert Clements, Counsellorat-law.October 2nd Robert Clements, Esqr.. Counsellor-at-law.October 1st Robert Clements, Esqr., Counsellor-at-law.October 6th Robt. Clements, Esqr., Counsellor-at-law.October 5th Robt. Clements, Esqr., Colinsellor-at-law.October 4th Robt. Clements. Esqr., Connsellor-at-law.October 3rd Robert Clements, Esqr., Couusellor-at-law.

Year : Date Elected :Date Sworn :Name of Recorder :1702 June 26th1703 July 1st1794 June 30th1797 June 26th (7)1800 -1801 June 29th- -1839 September 30thOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thOctober 6thOctober 6th-Robert Clements, Esqr., Counsellor-at-Law.Robt. Clements, Esqr., Counsellor-at-Law.Robt. Clements, Bqr., Counsellor-at-Law.Robt. Clements, Esqr., Counsellor-at-Law.Robt. Clements, Esqr.Robt. Clements, Bsqr.Oliver Nugent, Bqr. (ElectedRecorder and Town Clerk).IBOROUGH OF CAVAN.1731 June 28th1749 -1769 (About) -1779 June 28th- -1782 July 1st1783 June 30thLIST OF DEPUTY RECORDERS.Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn : Name of Deputy Recorder :1703 (About)- - J a. [James ?] Magrath.[In the Corporation book of1680 to 1840, he signs himselfas" D R in 1703. etc. Entriesby him in book, 1696, 1702,1716, etc. There was a(Ja. ?) Magrath DeputyRecorder until 1748.1JamesMagrath. of Belturbet (?)Jno. Donaldson. [First signshimself " Depty . Recorder "2nd October, 1749. Last entryby him on the 30th September,1761.1Mark Magrath. [First entry byhim on 29th June, 1762. Lastentry by him on 6th November,1767. He was also TownClerk.]Charles Swindell. [He was alsoTown Clerk.]Charles Swindell, Gent. [ElectedDe uty Recorder andTown Cferk for the ensuingY em.1-Charles Swindell, Gent. [Elec-ted De uty Recorder andTown C?e~k for the ensuingyear.]Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk forthe ensuing year. ]

Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn :1784 June 28th1785 June 27th1786 June 20th17R7 June 25th1798 June 30th1789 June 29th1700 June 28th1791 June 27th1792 June 25th1793 July 1st1794 Jnne 30th1795 June 29th1796 June 27th1707 June 26th (?)1798 June 26th1799 July 1st1800 June 30th1801 -1802 June, 28th1803 June 27th1804 June 25th'o'{July 1stDo,June 30thlso6{ Do.-October 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stOctober 6thOctober 5thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctobcr 6thOctober 5thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6th-October 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stSeptember 30thDo.October 6thDo.Name of Depnty Recorder :Archibald Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]Archibald Watt, Gent. [ElectedDe uty Recorder andTown CTerk.1Archd. Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder and TownClerk.]Archd. Watt, Gent. [De utyRecorder and Town Clerf.]Archd. Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder and TownClerk.]Arcd. Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder and TomClerk.]Archld. Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder and Tomclerk.]Archibald Watt. [ElectedDeputy Recorder anh 'TownClerk.!Archd. Watt. [ElectedDeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]Archibald Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.!Archd. Watt. [Elected DepiityRecorder and Town C1erk.jArch. Watt, Gentleruan. [ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.!Arch. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]Archd. Watt. Elected DeputyRecorder and Tom Clerk.]Archd. Watt. Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]-Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]Archibald Watt. mlected Deputy,Recorder and TownClerk.]Archibald Watt. mlected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]Archibald Watt [Both electedThos. Bligh )'I DeputyRecorders and Town Clerks.")Arch. Watt [Both electedThos. Nigh. ) Deputy Recordersand Town Clerks.]

Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn : hTame of Deputy Recorder :''o~{June 29thDo.1808 J,une 27th1809 June 26th1810 June 25th1811 July 1st1812 June 29th1813 June 28th1814 June 27th1816 - (?) June1816 -1817 June 24th- -1838 September 28th1839 July 1stOctober 6th Archd. Watt. [Both elected .,)do. Thos. Bligh. )Deputy Recordersand Town Clerks.]Octobcr 3rd Thomas BLigh [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]October 2nd Thomas Bligh. plected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]Octaber 1stThos. Bligh. Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]- September or Thomas Bligh. mlected De-- October (?) puty Recorder and TownOctober 6thOctober 4thClerk.]Thos. Bligh. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]Thomas Bligh. [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]- (?) October Thos. Blyth [Bligh ?I. ElectedDeputy Recorder.]- (?) October Thos. Blyth [Bligh ?I. ElectedDeputy Recorder.]- -- Thomas Blythe. plected DeputyRecorder.]- -September 28th Thomas Bliyh. .[Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]September 30th (3 Thomas Bligh, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder and TownClerk.], -BOROUGH OF CAVAN.LIST OF TOWN CLERKS.Ycar : Dnte Blected : Date Sworn : Name of Town Clerk :1752 (About) - - Mark Magrath. [He was DepntyRecorder also.]1757 h'ovember 14th - Mr. James Magrath (in the roomof Mark Magrath, who, havingresigned, was elected a Burgessand Vice Sovereign.-Last entry by James Magrathon the 2nd October, 1768.)

Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn : Name of Town Clerk :1769 (About) - - Charles Swindell. [His firstentry in the Corporation bookof 1680 to 1840 was on the26th June, 1769, and his lastentry on the 30th September,1782. He was also Deputy1779 June 28th1782 July 1st1783 June 30th1784 June 28th1786 June 27th1786 June 26th1787 -1788 June 30th1789 June 29th1700 June 28th1791 June 27th1792 June 26th1793 July 1st1794 June 30th1796 June 29th1796 June27thRecorder.]Charles Swindell, Gent.[Elec-ted Deputy Recorder andlown Clerk for the ensuingyear.]Charles Swindell, Gent. ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk for the ensuingyear.]- Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk forthe ensuing year.]- Archibald Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.!October 3rd Archibald Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]October 2nd Archd. Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]October 1st Archd. Watt, Gent. [DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.1October 6th Archd. Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]October 6th Archd. Watt, Gent. [ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]October 4th Archld. Watt, Gent. '[ElectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]October 3rd Archibald Watt. Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]October 1st Archd. Watt. Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]September 30th Archd. Watt. mlected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]October 6th Archibald Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]October 6th Archd. Watt. Elected DeputyRecorder and Town C1erk.JOctober 3rd Arch. Watt, Gentleman. mlectedDeputy Recorder andTown Clerk.]

\Year: Date Elected : ' Date Sworn: Name of Town Clerk :1797 June 26th (7) October 2nd Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.!1798 June 26th1799 July 1st1800 June 30thOctober 1stSeptember 30thOctober 6thArch. Watt. mlected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]Archd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.!1801 June 29th October 6th Archd. Watt.Clerk.](Elected Town1802 June 28th1803 June 27th180-1 June 26thOctober 4thOctober 3rdOctober 1stArchd. Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.)Archibald Watt. Plected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]Archibald Watt. [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]July 1st September 30th Archibald Watt. [Both elec-1805{ Do.Do.Thos. Bligh. ) ted Deputy Recorders and TownClerks."]June 30th October 6th Arch. Watt.' [Both elected Delw6{Do.Do.Thos. Bligh.} pty Recordersand Town Clerks.]une 29th October 6th Archd. Watt. [Both elected1807{~ Do.Do.Thcs. Bligh. )Deputy Recordersand l'own Clerks.]1808 June 27th1809 June 26thOctober 3rdOctober 2ndThomas Bligh. [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]Thomas Bligh. [Elected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]1810 June 26th October 1st Thos. Bligh. [Elected DeputyRecorder a d l'own Clerk.]1811 July 1stSeptember or Thomas Bligh. [Elected De-- October (?). puty Recorder and TownClerk.]1812 June 29th October 6th Thos. Bligh. mlected DeputyRecorder and Town Clerk.]1813 June 28th October 4th Thomas Bligh. plected DeputyRecorder and TownClerk.]-1838 September 28th September 28th Thomas Bligh. [Elected De-puty Recorder and Towneleck.11839 July 1st September 30th (7) Thomas BligL, Gent. mlectedDeputy Recorder and TownClerk.]1839 September 30th - Oliver Nuqent, Esqr. [Elected~ecard& and Town Clerk.]

415BOROUGH OF CAVAN.LIST OF SERGEANTS.Year : 'Date Elected :1702{ 11707 JAbout)About orafter1820(1) March 30thDate Sworn :Octr. 6thDo.October 6thDo.October 4thOctober 3rd- Do.0ctober 4thDo..May 17thOctober 30thDo.October 4thDo.October 2ndDo.September 30thDo.June 29thMarch 30thName of Sergeant :William Dunkan.John Dunkan(" Sworne Serjants DureingPleasure.")Edward Hinson.Will : DunkanJohn Donaldson.William Dunkan.William Dunkan.Arthur Golaher.Will : Dunkan.James Black.Bryan Covey.IEdwd. Stinson. (Both swornBryan Covey sergeants ofthe Corporationduringthe sovereign'swilland pleasure.Alexr. McDoweU.Robert Bainridge.Edwd. Stevenson.Aim. McDowell.Edwd. Stevenson.Ales. McDowell.George,, Willson (Sworn one ofthe Town Serjeants of sd.Burr. during pleasure.")John Reilly (Appointed townsergeant).BOROUGH OF CAVAN.Year : Date Elected :LIST OF CONSTABLES.Date Sworn :June 20thDo.6th Feb. 1708 (1)20th Peb. 1708 (1)Name of Constable :~~~mz,~l;.homas Ballard.Charles Bready, or Brady, '(Sworn Petty Constables in theroom of Thomas Harison.andJames Lowen (?) respectively).

i 416Year : Date Elected :1708 { January 6th1721 -1723{ 1- -April 1stApril 1st1773{ Do.March 3rd1774{ Do.April 13th1775{ Do.March 28th1776{ Do.1777 {Mayath1778 -February 4th1779{ Do.December 7th17"{ Do.March 7thlv8~{ Do.March 13thDate Sworn :-July 30thJuly 13thDo.November 2ndNovember 14thDo.-April 1stDo.April 1stDo.March 3rdDo.April 13thDo.-February 4thDo.December 7thDo.March 21stDo.March 13thDo.February 23rdDo.May 22nd (?)Do.May 26thDo.March 17thName of Constable :John Edmiston, junr.Cormick Brogan, junr.(Petty Constables).Joseph Hunt (Petty Constable).Edwd. Stinson.Arthur Cannon.(Petty Constables.)Richd. ICeane (Petty Constable) .John Burrows.Saml. Lenard.-Mr. Robert Arskin.Mr. Henry Ireland.(~~~ointed " Pety constables.")Archd. Watt.Phillip Rrady.(" Pety constables.")Michael Barry, of Cavan town.Xicholas Ferrall, of Cavan town.(Both" Petty Constables.")John Gillroy.William Beatty.(Petty Constables).John Mulligan.John J. Eurman (?).(Petty Constables).Edmond Burk.John Loughman.(Petty Constables).-David Brown.Phelemy Timmon.(Petty Constables).Henry Ireland, of Cavan town.John McFadden. ".the youn-ger," of Cavan town. (Bothappointed Petty Constablesfor the ensuing year).James Magaghran.James Morrow.(Petty Constables).John Mervyn.Simon Tyrrell.(Petty Constables).William Thornton, of Cavantown.Paul Sheridan, of &van town.(Appointed Petty Constables).John Brown.John Cassidy.(Petty Constables).John Armstrong.John Cassidy.(Constables).J. P. Smith (Appointed macebearer and constable forborough).

BOROUGH OF CAVAN.LIST OF WEIGHMASTERS.Year : Date Elected : Date Sworn : Name of Weighmaster :1724 - July 14th Samll. Deyos.[In one of thecorporation booksthere is a record, signed,sealed and dated the- 14thJuly, 1724, of a debt of fortypounds sterling due jointlyand severally by SamuelDeyos, of Cavan, and EdwardMagrath, of Derryvackney,County Cavau, to TheophilusClements, Esqr., Sovereign.It Is provided, however, thatif Samuel Depos faithfullyperforms the office of cranemasteror weighmaster. the1779 May 20th -obligation is to be void.]Mr. Henry Ireland(Appointed " Scale Master.").1782 - March 7th Archd. Watt, of Cavan town(Sworn weigh master for themarket days to be held onTensday." Edward Plantwas sworn deputy weighmaster to Archd. Watt.)BOROUGH OP CAVAN,LlST OP ATTORNEYS.Year : Date Elected : Sate Sworn :(or Admitted bythe Town Court.)-Aug. 12th---March 21st1782{ Do.1782 December 19th1594 Angust 26thJuly 29th-Augt. 26thMay 17thJune 29thDecember 1stJuly 11thOctober 3rdOctober 31st-March 3rdMarch 21stDo.December 19thAugust 26thKame of Attorney :Laughlin Smyth.Peter Wright.Mr. David Lynch.Jas. Magrath, Jnr.Edward M agrath.John Wilkinson.William Doingan.Mark MagrathJohn Donaldson.-Edmund Reatty, " theyounger."Charles Swindell, " the 'younger."Miles &loran, of Cavan.Phillipp Redly, of SwellandrSwellan (?). Cavan.1~h'arles ~c~dlan.Richd. Castles, Gent, of Cavan.

418BOROUGH OF CAVAN.---LIST OF M'EMBERS OF PA4R141A&E3NT.(IRISH HOUSE OF COMMONS.)Date Elected.October 9th1727{ Do.1745 October 28th1747 October 22nd1750 April 30th.768;'July 6th1769 'November 20thMay 13th1776{ Do.I1777 'November 12thName of Member (Burgess).Theophilus Clements, Esqr.T4os. Nesbitt, Esqr.[Both unanimously elected by the Sovereign,Portreeves, Burgesses and Freemen at a Courtof Election held by virtue of a Precept to theSovereign from the Sheriff of the County ofCavan.]Robert Clements, Esqr., of Rakenny, in the roomof Henry Clements, Esqr., deceased. [Electedunanimously-28 members of the Corporationsign the record of election in the Corporationminute book of 1680 to 1840.1Rt. Honble. Edward Weston (Esqr.), in the room ofRobt. Clements, Esqr., deceased. [Electedunanimously-8 members of the Corporatiopsign the record of election.]Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr., of Lismore, Couiity Cnvan,in the room of Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr., deceased.[Elected unanimously-(i members of the Corpora-tion sia~the record of election.]Riglit Honble. Nathl. Clements, of the City of Dublin.Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr., of Lismore, County Cavan.[Both " duly nnd freely " electedunanimously.-28members of the Corporation sign - the record ofelection.]. -,Rieht Honble. NaM. Clements (Esar.) of the CitvGf Dublin.Capt. Thomas Nesbitt (Esqr.), of Lismore, CountyCavan.[Both elected unanimously-30 members sign therecord of election.]1,ieut. Col. Henry Theops. Clements (Psqr.) (in theroom of the Right Honourable Nathl. ClementsEsqr.), who made his election for the County ofLeitrim.)[Elected unanimously -17 members of the Corporationsign the record of election.]Right Hononrable Nathl. Ciements (Esqr.), of theCity of Dublin.Thomas Nesbitt, Esqr.. of Deansfort, County Cava~.[Both elected unanimously- 28 members ,of theCorporation sign the record of election.]Captain John Clements (Esqr.j, of the City ofDublinmlected unanimouslv-14L -poracon sign the record of election.]Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.Rt. Honble. 140rd Chas. Fitz Gerald.members of the Cor-[Elected unanimously-14 members of the Corporationsign the record of election.]

Date Elected.Name of Member (Burgess).July 29th Right Honbl. Ld. Viscount Clements.17'~{ Do. Thos. Nesbitt, Esqr.rBoth elected unanimous1~-2 members of theCorporation sign the recdrd of election.]1798 February 8th The Honble. George Cavendish .(in the room ofLd. Viscount Clements who made his election for theCounty of Leitrim).[Elected unanimously.-2 members of the Corporationsign the record of election.][NOTE.-In this Jour-nnl, Nos. 1 and 2, Vol. No. 1, there are lists of theMembers of the Irish House of Comnions for Cavan County and the Boroughsof Cavan and Beltnrbet, from 1585 to 1800. The foregoing list of Membersfor Cavan Borough is taken direct froni one of the originhl minute books(period, 1680 to 1840) of the Corporation. Between this list and those alreadypublished as mentioned, some slight differences are noticeable. The minutebooks have no reference to the election of 1783.1BOROUGH OF CAVAN.LIST OF FREEMEN.NOTE.-The following is a selected (not a complete) list of the Freemenelected or sworn between 1697 and 1840.Year : Names of Freemen :1697 to Dennis Brogan, Mr. Justice Coote, Brockwell Newburgh, " Hen.1714. . Ld. [Lord ?] Gallaway %Iarquesdc Monntrantra," Ran. Blundell,Tho. Fleming, junr., Theophilus Butler, Col. Robt. Sanderson[Revd. I ] James Cottingham, Clke. [Clerk ?!, Doctor Jo. Lenowse,Theo. Clements, Honb!e. Will : Evans.1702 to Willm. Nesbett, John Prit,e, Robt. Clements, Hen. Brooke, Alexr.1714 Brookes, James Yagrath, Alexr. Sanderson, Hen. Grattan, Richd.Sheridan, Geo. Cottnam, Robt. MarwelT- Amir: Burrows, Artli~irForster, John Maclelan, Patk. Enery, David Lynch, ,TerenceMcGuire, John Kennedy, Will. Moore, Arth. Vis. (?) Ld. [Lord ?]Granard, Robt. Faris, Robt. McLeland, The Honble. Will: Bivans ;Joseph Adison [enrolled 6th May, 1709-was he Joseph Addison,the famous English poet and essayist ?]1714 Roger Smyth, Geo : Robinson, Robt. Cole ; Timotlly Kilmore [theProtestant Bishop of Kilmore].1716 Sir Ralph Gore, Bart.1719 The Honble. Richd. Yunden, Brigadier of His Majesty's Forces.1720 Timothy [Godwin] the [Protestant] Bishop of Kill~iore and Ardagh[Bishop of Kilmore-1713 to 1727, when he mas translated ,toCashel; died in 17291.1736 Samll. Donaldson, Reverend 'rhos. Sheridan, D.D.1739 George Moore.1740 Thomas Ireland.1747 Nathl. Clements.1749 Charles Swindell.1761 Clotworthy Soden.

Year : Names of Freemen :1755 The Honble. Thos. Gcorge Southwell, RichA. Boyle, Esq., MajorHenry Gore. George Montgomery, Esqr.1756 Francis Pierpont Burton.1781 Richd. Bard. Harcourt, of London, England [Admitted and sworn].1783 Archibald Watt.1791 Cosby Nesbitt, Esqr., of Crossdoney Lodge.1796 Sarni. Brurowes.1797 Revd. Albert Nesbitt.1803 Rev. Ed. Lucas. John Richardson.1805 Revd. Jas. Storey.1838(?) The last Freemen (5) elected on 28th June, 1838 :-Thomas Bligh,Wm. Smith, John Murray, John Dunbar, Charles Stewart (orStuart).NOTES.-Some of the Freemen, apparently not being able to write, puttheir mark at their qames in the Corporation book. In some instances, aperson elected a Rurgess also became a Freeman on the same day.TERENCE S. SMYTH.

THE BALLYHEADY MOUNTAINCAIRN.RECENT DISCOVERY OF A BRONZE AGE TOMB IN CO.CAVAN.Early in September, 1932, while some County Council workmenwere making preparations for the removal of materials, for useas road-metal, from the conspicuous cairn on the northern slopeof Ballyheady Mountain, some two miles south of Ballyconnell,a pre-historic tomb was discovered. Under a massive limestoneslab a cavity was observed, and on further investigation a skulland some human bones were found. The discovery was promptlyreported to the Garda Siothchana, and arrangements were madeto have the site examined by the National Museum authorities.Shortly afterwards the place was visited by Mr. Sean P. O'Riordain,who examined the finds. In a recent contribution to the Journalof the Royal Society of Antiquaries,--Vol. LXII, 1933'-Mr.O'Riordain summarises the results of his investigations. A briefaccount of the discovery, with some of his conclusions, will beof special intkrest for those who would essay to solve the mysteriesof pre-historic times.The cairn is in the townland of Killaragh, in the parish of Kil-'dallan, but the elevated ground, on the slope of which the cairnis situated, is locally known as Ballyheady Mountam. Thetownland of Ballyheady, however, lying to the west of Killaraghand separated from it by the Woodford River, represents only acomparatively small section. of this hilly region which is coveredwith a layer of peat of variable depth. Underlying this peatylayer is a sandy soil which, owing to the effects of denudation,protrudes in many places through the peat. The stones comprisingthe cairn are principally water-rolled sandstone.

The burial was located on a projection extending beyond whatmay be considered to be the eastern edge of the cairn. The graveconsisted of the massive limestone slab measuring, approximatcly,seven feet by four feet and resting in a sloping position on a stoneplaced underneath. The slab sloped towards the west, and thefront or eastern end of the grave was closed by a low, roughlybuilt,dry stone wall, which formed the arc of a circle of whichthe eastern edge of the slab was the chord. l'he space between thewall and the slab was closed by flat stones. The coastruction was,therefore, of a comparatively simple type.The human remains found in the grave show both illhumationand cremation : that they belong t3 the Bronze Age is a reasonableconjecture. The skull lay on the north side of the grave, andthe cremated remains were mostly behind the supporting stone.Some of the bones showed traces of fire, but the process of cremationdoes not seem to have been thorough, as some large piecesremained.No Bronze Age objects, such as have been found elsewhere,in connection with similar burials, were discovered, and theabsence of such objects leaves the question of the date of theburial much harder to determine. Mr. O'Riordain suggests that,since both cremated and inhumed remains were found, it belongsto the Middle Bronze Age when the rite of inhumation was givingway before that of cremation. The chronology of the BronzeAge is somewhat indeterminate, but in Ireland, at least, thecommencement of the period may be ascribed to about 2,000 B.C.and its termination to about 400 B.C. 'These are the limits nowgenerally accepted by the most reliable authorities. Assumingthat the Ballyheady Mountain burial belongs to the MiddleBronze Age-and the evidence in favour of this is very convincing-itsdate may, tentatively, be ascribed to about 1,000 B.c.,or 1,200 B.C. Further excavations at the cairn, carried out, ofcourse, under the supervision of skilled archaologists, ?lay, asMr. O'Riordain observes, substantiate or disprove this conjecture.The fact of the burial being located on aprojection of thecairn,a most unusual position, leads to the conclusion that the grave is asecondary one, that is, that it was constructed at a later periodthan the cairn itself and somewhat outsidi. its periphery. Furthermore,it would appear to have been joined up with the cairn by theaddition of further material, or by the shifting of some of thestones already belonging to the cairn.The remains were subjected to a minute anatomical examination,but the results, brimful of technical terms, are hardly of general.interest. The conclusions of Dr. C. P. Martin, of Dublin, were,very briefly, as follows :-The remains belong to three individuals-the cranium, mandible,and many of the bones of a female ; the.bones of a male ; somebones, very fragmentary, of a child. The bones had been dis-

tufbed, evidently by animals, and some fragments of the humerusof a hare were found. The structure of the tomb would not haveprevented the ingress and egress of rats, or even of foxes.In the case of the male it is evident that the process of cremationwas incomplete, since the non-burnt bones were those of thehead and feet. Judged by the size of the bones the man was oflarge size, probably well over six feet in height ; the worn conditionof his teeth showed that he was of adult age. The skeletonof, the female was more complete, and bore no evidence of cremation; evidently the bones were those of an adult about fivefeet in height, and some of the teeth-the condition of whichwould indicate those of a young adult-showed signs of dentalcaries, a disease which appears to be one of the penalties of moderncivihation, being very rarely observed in pre-historic skulls. Thebones of the child were too fragmentary to afford any information.The burial presents, therefore, some unusual features : anabsence of Bronze Age vessels or implements ; an unusual positionoutside the normal periphery of the cairn : both inhumationand cremation. The inclusion of several bodies in Bronze Agetombs is, however, not unknown. There are references in papersby J. Morris Roberts-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy,Vol. XXIV, 1902-'04-and George Coffey in the same Proceedings,Vol. XXV, 1904-'05, to similar discoveries. Our knowledge ofBronze Age burial rites is too imperfect to warrant any satisfactoryexplanation of these remarkable discoveries.For the accompanying illustrations I am indebted to the RoyalSociety of Antiquaries of Ireland. The plan and section of thegrave and cairn will be readily understood ; the lettering is asfollbws : at S, B, and D, were found the remains of the female ;at E, B, and D, were those of the male. At B and D the bonesof the male and female were found mixed. The fragmentarybones of the child were found at A. At D was found the humerusof the hare.It is now, of course, quite impossible to discover the identitiesof the personages whose remains have rested in the Ballyheadycairn,for three thousand years. History is silent on the matter,but thereis a local tradition that this cairn marks tlie burialplaceof Conall Cernach, the hero of the Tain Cycle. The antiquity ofthis tradition cannot now be determined-O'Donovan in hisLetters has no mention of it-and there is no written record whichwould enable us either to confirm or deny it. Conall Cernach,who was the foster-brother of Cu Chullain, was murdered by thedesperadoes of Queen Medb at Ath nu Mianna-the Ford of theMiners-in Breiffne. The narrative of Conall's flight fromConnacht to Breiffne has already been published in Zeit~chriftfiir Celtische Philologie, Vol. I, pp. 102-111. It is generallyaccepted that Ath nu Mianna, the scene of Conall's death, wason the River Graine, now the Woodford River, and in the neigh-

ourhood of the present town of Ballgconnell. The town receivesits name from this tradition : Oeat dta Coii~itt, i.e., the fordmouthof Conall. The actual ford is pointed out, traditionally,a short distance north of the present bridge at Ballyconnell.O'Doiiovaii's statement, that the present bridge crosses at theactual ford, does not now receil-e local sanction.CAIRN OF KILLARAGII-GENERALVIEW.VIEW OF TOMB FBOM OUTSIDE.We have, therefore, both historical and traditional evidenceconcerning the place of Conall's death ; but of his burialplacewe have only the tradition. Relying on this tradition of theBallyheady cairn, some people have hastily inferred-and theinference seemed at first !lot unreasonable-that the remains

[Photo : R.S.A .I.]INTERIOR OF TOMB.

discovered in 1932 were, in part at least, those of Conall Cernachhimself. But there are insuperable difficulties in the acceptanceof such a belief. Conall was an early Iron Age personage, that is,he flourished in the early Celtic period which is dated, approximately,from about 400 B.C. to about 100 n.n. He was associatedwith the Red Branch Knights of Ulster, was a contemporary ofQieen Medb, and belongs, essentially, to the Tnipz period, that is,to the first century of the Christian Era. He must have lived,therefore, at least a thousand years later than the pre-Celticpeople whose remains were discovered at the cairn. That Conallrests somewhere on the banks of the Woodford River, and nearBallyconnell, may be reasonably assumed ; bat whether theBallyheady cairn is his actual tomb is a question which only futureexcavations may help to decide. It will be remembered that inthe townland of Killycluggin, west of Killaragh and adjoiningBallyheady, was discovered, in 1921, a stone bearing Iron Agedecoration : the stone is described in this Jour~znl, Vol. 11, p. 91.There is here an extensive field for historical research.The cairn bears traces of having been crudely investigatedand partly torn down, evidently by treasure-seekers, many yearsago. It was originally considerably higher. The burial, recentlydiscovered, had escaped detection owing to its unusual position.The ancient pile is now preserved under the National MonumentsAct, 19.30.PHILIP O'CONNELL.

REPORTS OF MEBTINGS.ANNUAL MEETING, 1930.The Tenth Annual Meeting of the Breiffne Antiquarian andHistorical Society was held in the Town Hall, Cavan, on Thursday,July 31, 1930. Dr. F. P. Smith (President) occupied the chair.The following members were present : Rev. R. J. Walker, B.A.,Arva ; Mrs. B. M. Smith-Brady, F.R.S.A.I., Hon. Secretary andTreasurer ; Messrs. I&. H. Halpin, Solr., Cavan ; I

of Journal ; E. J. Smyth, Hibernian Bank ; T. S. Smyth ; A. a.R. MacCabe, Solr. ; S. Gilheaney, N.T. ; Myles Smith, KevittCastle.Letters of apology for non-attendance were read from severalmembers. A vote of sympathy with the relatives of the lateRev. R. J. Walker, B.A., Arva, a valued member of the Society,was passed in silence, the members standing.The outgoing officers were unanimously re-elected. The Hon-Treasurer submitted a statement of accounts, and same wasconsidered satisfactory. It was suggested that the entrance fee of101- be abolished, but after some discussion the matter waspostponed.Six new members were admitted. The President said thatMr. F. E. Kennedy, Solicitor, had very kindly given the Societyaccommodation for the Library and Exhibits at his office inPearse Street. A vote bf thanks was passed to Mr. Kennedyfor his kindness in the matter. It mas decided to request theVocational Education Committee to make provision in the newTechnicalSchool, to be erected in Cavan, for the housing of theSociety's ccllection of books and exhibits. In the Society's exhibitsthere was the nucleus of a very interesting museum, and these, ifhouscd in a public place, would prove of very great educationalvalue. Giass cases should be provided for these objects fromthe study of which the students would derive much benefit. ThePresident atlaed that in Liverpool Museum he had seen aquern which had been presented to it by the late Father Meehan,the founder of the Society.Recent antiquarian discoveries in Cavan and Leitrim werediscussed and noted. The President suggested that on such notificationthe -Hon. 'Secretary should communicate with somemember of the Society living in the particnlar aistrict with arequest to make investigations and submit a report. This wasagree? to.As the weather was uniavourable the projected excursion toDrumlane Abbey was postponed.ANNUAL MEETING, 1932.The Twelfth Annual Meeting was held in the Town Hall, Cavan,on Wednesday, August 10, 1932. Rev. P. MacNifie, B.A., B.D.,B.C.L., presided. The other members present were : Mrs. B.M. Smith-Brady, Hon. Secretary and Treasurer ; Messrs. A. E.R. MacCabe, Solr. ; John Tierney, Hotel, Virginia ; S. Gilheaney,N.T. ; P. O'Connell, M.Sc. Letters of apology for non-attendancewere read from His Lordship, Most Rev. Dr. Finegan ; Dr, F. P.Smith, President; Lady Dorothy Lowry-Corry, Castle Coole,Enniskillen ; Mr. W. H. Halpin, soh., and other members.The outgoing officers were unanimously re-elected.The

editor of the Journal -Mr. O'Connell-reported that the materialsfor next issue were nearly ready, and that as soon as the Committeedecided that publication was, financially, practicable themanuscript would be sent to the printe~s.At the termination of the meeting .the members visited the, siteof the old Franciscan Abbey of Cavan, and examined the t~werwhich is the only portion of the ancient structure which hassurvived. Mr. 07Connell gave an account of the history ofthe Abbey and its founder, incidents in its early story, its declineand fall, and of the many distinguished personages, includingBishop Thomas MacBrady, Primate Hugh O'Reilly, Owen RoeO'Neill, and many others, who rest in unmarked and now unkiiowngraves in the ancient cemetery.It was decided to make representations to the National MonumentsAdvisory Council, and to Cavan Urban Council, to have thetower vested as a National Monument,ANNUAL MEETING, 1933.The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Society was held inthe Town Hall, Cavan, on Friday, December 29, 1933, Very Rev.P. V. Rudden, President of St. Patrick's Colle~e, presiding. Theother members present were : Rev. John 07Redly, Adm., Cavan ;Rev. J. Maguire, C.C. ; Mrs. B. M. Smith-Brady, Hon. Secretaryand Treasurer ; Mrs. B. T. Cullen, Cavan ; Miss Smith, KevittCastle ; Messrs. T. S. Smyth ; W. H. Halpin, Solr. ; A. E. R.MacCabe, solr. ; P. O'Connell, M.Sc., Editor of Journal; H.Fitzsimons, Virginia ; D, Smith, Kevitt Castle.Letters of apology for non-attendance were received from HisLordship, Most Rev. Dr. Finegan ; Dr. F. P. Smith, Kevitt Castle,President ; Mr. E. T. O'Hanlon, Anglo-Celt.The Treasurer's Report was considered and adopted. Theoutgoing officers were unanimously re-elected, with the additionof Rev. J. Maguire, C.C., to the Committee.On the motion of Mr. Halpin it was decided that the entrance feebe suspended for 1934.A paper entitled Cavnn in the 18th Century : the Itinerary ofIsaac Bzdler, circa 1745, was contributed by Mr. O'Connell. Thepaper dealt with the journey of Isaac Butler, a Dublin physician,through Co. Cavan about the middle of the 18th century. Butlergives intimate descriptions of the towns and villages throughwhich he passed, with interesting comments on the social andeconomic conditions of the time. At Swanlinbar he visited thesulphur springs, and discusses some of the medicinal propertiesof the waters. The Itinerary is specially interesting on accountof the familiar glimpses it furnishes of Co. Cavan and its peopleat a period which is singularly lacking in historical records. The

paper, which is a lengthy one, is reserved for a later issue of theJournal.On the motion of the Rev. Chairman, seconded by Mr. Halpin,a cordial vote of thanks was passed to Mr. O'Connell for his veryinformative paper. The proceedings then terminated.. ,COMMITTEE MEETING.A Committee Meeting was held in the Town Hall, Cavan, onWednesday, January 3, 1934, Mr. W. H. Halpin, solr., presiding ;also present, Mrs. B. M. Smith-Brady, Messrs. A. E. R. MacCabe,Solr., and P. O'Connell, M.Sc.Mrs. Smith-Brady tendered her resignation as Hon. Treasurerowing to pressure of work in other directions. The Committeereluctantly and with regret accepted her resignation. On themotion of the Chairman, Mr. I. A. Montgomery, Manager, UlsterBank, Cavan, was appointed Hon. Treasurer.The financial position of the Society was discussed, and itwas decided to make arrangements for the publication of theJmrvnnl early in 1934.

REVIEWS.Jouvaal of the County T-oztth Archaological Society, Vol. VII, No. 3, 1931 :No. 4, 1932. 101- each. (Dundalk : William Tempest, DundalganPress.)These issues of the I,outh Jou? nt11 maintain the high standard which thatpublication has estaalished for itself since the foundation of the T.outll Societyin 1904, and we congratulate our contemporary on the unique position itnow occupies among historical Journals. The 1931 issue has a detailedaccount, based on a pan~phlet of 1681, of some of the pzixlcipals who figuredat the trial of Slessed Oliver Plunket, and presenting some new hibtoricalfeatures of the Plot then being formulated against the Primate.Mr. H. G. Tempest continues his investigations of the Dorsey Entrenchment.In No. 4 the same writer, in a valuable contributiou to the topographyof South Ulster, deals with the description of the xniew from SliabhFuaid from an early Irish poem in the Booh of Lcimtcv. Prof. McNeilladds some notes in which he identifies, tentatively, Slew Goleng-the" Mountains of the Galeng "--with the Loughanleagh group, south of Bailieboro.The latter group, on the southeast border of ancient Breiffne, canhardly, however, be designated as " gannarda," or scant in height, whichis the term applied to Sleve Galeng in the poem.There are several articles of interest for Breiffne readers. The extractsfrom the Galligan MS. in the 1,ibrary of the University of Edinburgh, forwhich we are indebted to Bamonn 6 Tuathail, have many references topeople and places in Co. Cavan. Peter Gelligan (or Gallegan) was a hedgeschoolmaster and a good Gaelic scholar who hed his residence in the parishof Moynalty, Co. Meath; in the period 1841-'44, when the manuscript wascompiled, he was living in the townland of Ballymacain, or BallymakanetheGaelic form as he writes it is baite tfiic CAtnaoin-beside thecons icuous hill of Ardmaghbreague (once a stronghold of the Plunketfamify : their family tomb, dated 1688, is to be seen in the old cemeteryof Robertstown), near Kilmainhamwood. His ancestors, as appears froma genealogy in one of his YSS., belonged to the distlict of Sliabh Glahin the parish of Denn, Co. Cavan--" st~alj gcti~t te taob an Cirma~n."Galligan's Gaelic collections are voluminous and preserve the compositions-now, unfortunately, in great part forgotten by the present generation--of many of his contem orary literary celebrities : Bryan Clarke, of Nobber ;Faher Paul O'Brien, of Breakey, afterwards Professor of Gaelic in Maynooth ;Michael Clarke, of Whitewood ; James Tevlin, of Billywood ; Janies Martin,of Millbrock, Oldcastle; William Walsh, of Athnaharnaty, near Virginia ;Matthew Monaghan, of Mullagh ; Peter Rogers, of Railieboro; PeterColderick, of Whitewood, and many others. What a galaxy of Gaelic talent,and in such a comparatively small area I Were those the last lingering raysof the Celtic twilight before its sun should pass beneath the horizon ?The publication of the Galligan collections of Gaelic poetry, now lying inmanuscript for nearly a centnry, should be undertaken as a national work.Not only are these poems replete with topographical informetion but theyare also racy of the soil, reflect the papular mind of the period, are composedin a style both graceful and idiomatic, abound in that wealth of metaphor

and that infinite variety and beauty of simile which characterises the richnessof Gaelic and emphasises the comparative poverty of English, and as suchwould prove an invaluable impetus to the more intensive study of Gaelic.No traces of so-called " simplified spelling " here ; no tampering with Gaelicorthography ; no introduction of non-Gaelic idioms ; no attempt to popularisea language by the gradual elimination of its natural mcdes of expression.As literature the poeffs in the Galligan collections arc vastly superiorto the Gaelic " translations of English works-mediocre and alien to Gaelicpsychology-which appear to be fashionable in some quarters today. Aglance over the Edinburgh lists of unpublished poems reveals what a vastcollection of Gaelic classics yet remain to Le made available to the pu~lic.A large number of Galligan's MSS, have been located : some are preseivedin the Library of the Royal Irish Academy. From 1826 till his death inI860 he appears to have devoted most of his time tc the copying of IrishMSS. Since the appearance of the latest issue of the 1,outh Joumltl n selectionof Galligan's collected works has been published in Dublin. Thc volumeis entitled Amybln na mlde, ,i.e. Scngs of Meath, and contains fifty pieceswritten by Father Paul O'Brien, Peter Colderick, James Tevlin, and other4 ;it is issued under the competent editorship of entci 6 tnurtcjjeara, andwe are informed that a further collection will be published later on in theyear. BeannaCc '06 ay an obaly. Father Paul O'Brien was bornin 1763 in the townland of Rreakey, near ICilmainhamwocd, and someof the compositions of his youth, for example, Caltln Dear tj~c6aCm1i1~and an English poem " The Fort of Breakey," are still heard in his nativedistrict. His grandfather, William, is said to have been a native of Co.Clare, and on his marriage to the daughter of Retagh of Moynalty, Co. Meath, ,to have settled down in the tomland of Rreakey. Father Paul was appointedPrcfessor of Irish in Maynooth in 1802, and was the author of an IvisAGrammar. He died April 13, 1820, and was buried in the Ccllege cemetery,where his epitaph was written by Rev. Dr. Renehan, the historinn.Xhe pages of Alhpdln na mlde will reveal many examples of thatbeauty of language and facility of expression peculiar to Gaelic :'ba huarne star na muLl& biz ay hottea+ IAD mo flnnreayA elye mo ri~tilpnin, rLAn teac 30 bybt ;bi ruarmneay AS .an mbuliad, c6 guy cutirangdn SAnn a71 poinn ve,A elye mo rin'vpnin, rtAn Leac 50 bpit 1Ate FA +eon5 tbinir an c-am nar pib sperm agatnn ay L61sre,lr ba mtan-L~omra pucyeaC map . ~pus6 rnb 'r mo SaoLca(,OC b'6i~in vatii-ra imteaCc ir mo Satyve ~tte tp5tsbe6it,.d elye mo mGqmin, rLAn teaz 50 bydt IIt is a significant fact that in the districts of South Monaghan, East Cavan,North Meath, South Armagh, and Louth-the area to which these arhybinbelong-the literary continuity of Gaelic tradition in prose and poetry remainedunbroken down to ou~ own time. The existence in this area of somany Gaelic manuscripts is proof of the vigour of this tradition ; and thenumbers of manuscripts which have been lost nliist have been very great. TheGreat Starvation of 1846-'47, followed by plagne, evictions and emigration,dispersed finally this great school of Gaelic scribes. What a loss to literatme ITheAGalligan MSS. provide some interesting biographical details which willbe of value to some future biographer of the popular Meath scribe. In a noteGalligan himself tells us that his mother's name was Margaret Williams,who died December 8, 1837, and who was buried in the churchyard ofMunterconnacht. His aunt, Mary Williams, who died in 1829, aged 81-sheremembered the great snow-fall of 1766, which is mentioned in a note-andhis aunt's daughter. Anne Cunningham, who died in 1842, also rest in Munterconnacht,of which district they a pear to have been natives. Galliganis, himself. interred in the cemetery oPk(ilmainhamwood, but a recent search

failed to discover any inscription. The date of his death has been given as1863, or 1864, but according to SBamur O carai-oe, who has made a care.full inquiry into the matter, the scribe died in one of the earlier months of1860. An examination of the parish registers might decide the point. Thegable of the mudwall cabin where he lived still survives.Some of his MSS. passed into the possession of Eugene G. Finnerty, wholived near Xclls, Co. Neath, and who was Galligan's patron. This Nr.Finnerty died in Dublin, August 29, 1888, and the NS., now in Edinburgh,passed to the Hon. J. Abercromby who presented it to the UniversityT,ibrary.The 1,outh Society is doing very commendable work in puolishing the1,outh and Armagh Hearth Money Rolls, 1664 and 1600. It is a cheerlessfactto have torecord that the Rolls for only two Cavan baronies were savedfrom the Public Record Office before its destruction. Hearth Tax, orc61n na Cotce, i.e. "smoke tax," atr it was popularly, or unpopulirly,desienated, was an onvressive iln~ositio~l. Tax collectors are ~roverbiallv~n~~~ular; but pap T;olce muit have been an abominati.m !-Articles on Louth and Armagh Old Wills ; Townland Survey of Co. Louth ;Title needs of Co. Lorrth ; The Moores of Ardee ; the Blackrock Brooch,are only a few of the valuable articles which make up the Louth ,Journal.Last, but not least, the Calendar of the Register of Archbishop Cromer ofArmagh will serve many useful purposes as a sourcebook of ecclesiasticalhistory, and its entries will enable the future historian to fill many a lacunain pre-Reformation clergy lists.P. O'C.Journal 01 the Amcvicmr Irish Historical .Cociely. Vol. XXIX. New York,1931.The Organ of the American Irish Historical Society is a well-bound volumeof 360 pages, abundant proof of the prosperity and energy of that Society.Rich in biographical materials and exploring a vast field, it is a magnificentrecord of the activities of the Irish in America, and deserves a wide circulation.Looking over its pages we find an obitaary notice, accompaniedby a full page photograph, of Very Rev. Hugh P. Smyth, LL.D ., of Evanston,Illinois, who was also a Life Nelnber of the Breiflne Society. Rev. Dr. Smythbelonged to Drummanduff, Lavey, where he was born on September 21,1855. He wrote on many subjects, and his Tiislory of the Re/orrnation isnow a standard work. Shortly before his death, which occurred on November6, 1927, he had visited his native home at 1,avey.In " Poe and the Philadelphia Irish Citizen," it is shown that Edgar Allan Poetook more than a passing interest in the Irish Repeal movement of the period1843 and 1844. It is now generally accepted in Co. Cnvan that the ancestorsof Poe belonged to Dring in the Parish of Kildallan. In this connectionanother article in the Jorrnzal under revie* will convince anyone, whomighthave hitherto believed otherwise, that Irish emigration to U.S.A. commencedlong before the Great Starvation of 1847. We have here the " PassengerLists "from " The Shamrock or Trish Chronicle " for 1816-'10, and every nameis preceded by a number which is also to be found in the " List of Ships ";this number indicates the name of the ship, with date and place of departureand arrival. The present list covering about a year beginning September1816, includes about 3,160 names-for one lpefir.The names cf many Cavan and Leitrim passengers may be gleaned fromthe list, and the following examples illustrate the scope of the entries. Ileave the spellings nnaltered. Aluong the 66 passengers who sailed fromDublin on the " Ontario," arriving in New York on January 9, 1816, were :James Arnold, Cavan ; Anne Brady. Cavan ; JoP? Brady and Susan Brady,Cavan. Towards the end of 1815 the " Amphion arrived in New York from

Dublin, carrying 48 passengers, in&r nlios, Patrick Brady. Killeshandra;Charles Clark, King's Court, Co. Cavan ; James Clinch. Bailiborough ;James Hewett, Killeshandra ; Hugh Kelly, Cavan; Margaret Kelly, Cavan ;Bryan Lynch, King'sCourt, Co. Cavan; John Mac Cabe, Cavan; YichaelMacManus, Killeshandra ; Joseph Patterson. Co. Cavan ; William Patterson,King's Court, Co. Cavan; John Ray. King's Court, Co. Cavan; JaneSherdon (Sheridan) and Thomas Sherdon, Killeshandra ; Bernard Smith,Cavan ; Thomas Smith, Junior, Cavan ; Thos. Smith and wife, Co. Cavan.William George Daly, Cavan ; Reilly (Christian name omitted), Shercock,Co. Cavan ; Michael Reilly, Cavan ; Shales (no Christian name entered!,Shercock, Co. Cavan, were among the 18 passengers who landed at NewYork from Dublin, on the "Nautilus," in 1816.The " Duhlin Packet." arriving in New York from Dublin on April 3,1816,carried 39 passengers, inter alios, Ellen and Thomas Berney.Cavan ; Terence Fitxpatrick, Cavan ; Michael Kenny, Cavan. OnAugust 7, 1816, the " Ontario," from Dublin, arrived in New York with 97passengers, inter nlios, Fanny Armstrong and 3 children, Cavan ; JamesBrown, Cavan; Bridget Gregory and 2 children, Cavan ; Robert Kane,Leitrim ; Joseph Long. Cavan ; Bryan MacCarthy, Cavan ; l'atriclr MacCormickand Esther YacCormick, Leitrim ; Patrick Cusack, Coothill. The" Charles Fawcett, arriving in New York from Dublin on November 10,1816, numbered among its 23 passengers, Edward and Patrick MacICernan,of Co..Leitrim.The " James Bayley," arriving in New York from Belfast, on October 26th,1816, brought 98 paLqengers, inter alios, Alexander Lee, Anne Lee, EdwardLee, Mary Lee and Jaqeph Robinsion, all of Co. Cavan. John Brady, Cavau,and William Garelan (Carolan 7). Co. Cavan, were among the 15 passengerswho sailed on the " Hannah," from Dublin to New York, landing April 25,1816. Thomas Gordon and Alexander Pogue, both of Co. Cavan, sailedon the " Bristol " from Dublin to New York, landing therk on August 11. 1816.Andrew Fahy, Leitrim ; Michael LaUy and John Lilly, both of " Buttersbridge"(Butlersbridge), Co. Cavan, sailed on the " John," arriving in NewYork from Galway on August 2, 1816.The " Orient." arriving in New York from Dublin on November 18, 1815,carried 35 passengers, including, John Brown, Cavan ; Margaret Brown andchild, Cavan, and Robert Johnston, Cavan.Nathaniel Budden of Cavan, was one of the 36 passengers arriving inPhiladelphia, from ~ublin, onthe " 1,ouisa." on May 17,1816.Tht " Orient,"sailing from Sligo. arrived in New York, July 1, 1816, bringing 57 passengepincluding Richard Edwards of Drumshambo.The " Foundling," sailing from Sligo with 90 passengers, reached New Yolkon June 30, 1816: among those on board were Joseph Flynn and JamesMacLaughlin, both from Drunfahare.John Gihbs, Co. Cavan, arrived in New York on thc " Juno," from Sligo,on August 16th, 1816, being one of its 38 passengers. The "London,"24 passengers, arrived in New York, from Newry, on June 1, 1816; the listhas the name, Bernard YacManus, Cavan. \IriUiam Moore of Co. Cavanarrived in Philadelphia, from Dublin, on the " Only Son," 29 passengers,July 6, 1816.These entries are sufficient to indicate the value of these " PassengerLists " ; but, as the compiler Charles Monta ue Early points out, they do notclaim to be exhaustive inasmuch as some of the Irish may have sailed fromLondon and arrived at Canadian ports. In an earlier Joiwnal-Vol. XXVIII-there is a list for the year 1811, compiled by Mr. J. Dominick Hackett,Librarian and Archivist of the Society. Many Cavan passengers also figurein this I811 list. As Mr. Hackett observes, the official passenger lists in NewYork date only from 1820, but as the surnanles are not alphabeticallyarranged it is almost impossible to trace an individual name unless the exactdate of arrival is known. Before 1820 certain perigdicals, such as the" Shamrock " of New York, published lists of passengers arriying at the

various American ports. The 1811 list contains ahont 2,000 names,evidence of e-xtensive emigtation.The publication of these lists opens up a new avenue of genealogicalresearch. 'Arc are informed that these records are frequently consulted and,in many cases, with very positive results. As Mr. Hackett has suggested tome in a personal communication it is reasonable to expect thattheserecords,on further esamination, may yet finally decide the much controverted questionof the birthplace of General Philip Sheridan. On this point alcne we lookforward with interest to the publication of further lists. The lists for 1811and 1815 bring out clearly the fact that in the early part of the last centurythere was a steady flow of emigrants from Cavan and T,eitrim to America.But the records cf this period are very imperfect. Even before 1800 wefind evidence of emigration. For instance, James Timon, father of Dr.John Timon, first Bishop of Buffalo, emigrated from Cavan towards theclose of 1796, or early in 1797. Wjlliam James, grandfather of WilliamJames, the philosopher, emigrated from Ballyjamesduti, Co. Cavan, in 1789.An article, " Some Massachusetts Wills," provides interesting details offatnily history. In a list of Memorials to the Dead in St. Paul's CatholicCemetery, Blackstone, Mas., occurs the entry, " Mary Clarkin ; died Nov. 26,1848. age 25 years, Drum~ool, Co. Cavan." The list is representative ofpractically every Irish county. Such monumental inscriptions are invaluableto the genealogist.In an account of the Mullanphys of St. Louis, we are informed thatJohn Mullanphy was born in 1788, near Emiskillen. At the ageof twentyhe entered the Irish Brigade and remained in it until its dispersion. In 1789 hemarried Elizabeth Brown, of Youghd, Co. Cork, and three years later landedat Philadelphia. Settling in St. Louis he became one of its leading citizens.His son, Bryan, was the close friend and patron of Canon John O'Hanlon,the great Irish historian, when the latter a.q a young man was forced throughadverse circumstances to interrupt, temporarily, his ecclesiastical studiesand work as a fisherman at St. Louis.In these splendid volumes the American Irish Historical Society is doingwork of solid worth, and I am very pleased to observe that many of theAmerican Members of our Breiffne Society are entered on its extensiveMembership Roll.P. O'C.

VERY REV. MICHAEL J. FLYNN. Rector of St. Michael's, WestDerbq Road. Liverpool, passed away suddenly in Dublin, wherehe was spending a holiday, on August 30, 1930. He was interredin Yew Tree Cemetery, Liverpool. Born in 1854 in Liverpool,of Irish parents, he studied at the Northern Seminary. Ushaw,where he was ordained in 1881. His first appointment was asassistant-priest at St. James's, Marsh Lane, and in 1884 hefounded a new mission, Our Lady Star of the Sea, Seaforth.Appointed Rector of St. Michael's he remained there until hisdeath, a pastorate of 36 years.Father Flynn was a man of culture, widely read, and an enthusiasticstudent of Irish history. He was especially interestedin the history of Breiffne, the home of his fathers, and did muchto encourage the collection and preservation of the recordsof the old Irish families. It is worthy of record that he claimedto be in reality the founder of the Breiifne Antiquarian Society,inasmuch as it was he who first suggested to the late FatherMeehan the desirability of forming such a Society. After itsfoundation he was one of its earliest Life Members. He remaineda staunch supported of the Society, which is all the poorer by hisloss.REV. R. J. WALKER,'B.A., for eight years Rector ~f Ballintemple,died on October 4, 1930. Born in 1865 at Ballyare, Co.Donegal, he was the son of a public school teacher, and receivedhis early education at his father's school. Continuing his studiesat Marlborough Street Training College and T.C.D. he took, in1887, the Teacher's Certificate, and taught school at Arva till1910. In 1911 he graduated B.A. at the Royal University ofIreland, and in the same year relinquished the teaching profession,became a clergyman and was appointed to the curacy of Rathmines,Co. Dublin. Transferred to Rathdowney in 1912, heremained there until 1916, when he was appointed Rector of

Drurnreilly. From 1921 to 1929 he was Rector of Ballintemple,when owing to failing health he was obliged to resign his clericalduties and went to reside with his nephew, Mr. Robert Scott,at Arva, where he died., As one of the original members of this Society, a member ofthe Committee and a past Vice-president, the late Mr. Walkerwill be remembered for the great practical interest he took in itsprogress and welfare. It was characteristic of him that he nevermissed a meeting, and in all weathers he was sure to be amongthe first to arrive. It is pathetic to have to record that his lastpublic appearance was at our Annual General Meeting of July31, 1930, when it was apparent to all that he was in a very feeblestate of health. Returning home on the same evening his carwas involved in a smash which severely shook him. His deathis a severe loss to this Society, to the objects of which he devotedmuch time and care. When in Drumreilly he is said to have collectedmaterials for a history of that parish, and did very commendablework in unearthing and preserving some ancient sculpturedstones around the site of the old parish church, on the shore ofGaradise Lake. His notes do not appear to have been published.JOSEPH P. GANNON, whose family has had a long associationwith Cavan, died at his residence, 40 Upper Mount Street, Dublin,on October 18, 1931. In 1899 he was appointed Secretary to theAgricultural and Technical Instruction Committee. Owing toill-health he resigned, in 1928, his positions as Secretary to theCommittee of Agriculture and Accountant to the County Council,and took up residence in Dublin. In everything pertaining toCavan, past and present, he took a deep interest, and was Hon.Auditor to this Society.VERY REV. HENRY BIDDALL SWANZY, M.A., M.R.I.A., Deanof Dromore, Vicar of St. Mary's, Newry, died in London onNovember 20, 1932, as. the result of an accident, having beenknocked down by an automobile in Kensington High Street.Born in Newry in 1875, he was the son of Rev. Henry Swanzy,Vicar of St. Mary's. Entering the ministry in 1899 he servedin Monaghan, Newry, Carrowdore and Omeath. In 1914 he wasappointed Vicar of St. Mary's, Newry, and in February, 1931, wasappointed Dean of Dromore.He was a man of scholarly attainments, and an indefatigableworker in unexplored fields of genealogical research. To thepage; of this Journal he contributed some valuable articles:extracts from parochial Registers in the Public Record Office,Dublin, and "Lists of the Parochial Clergy of the EstablishedChurch in the Diocese of Kilmore." A few articles, which he hadforwarded to the Society shortly before his death, will be publishedin later issues, In the course of his researches he made

thousands of extracts from the Chancery and Exchequer Bills inthe Public Record Office, Dublin, and since the loss of the originalsin the fires of 1922 these extracts are now invaluable. He published,privately, the histories of several families : " The Familyof Nixon, of Nixon Hall, Co. Fermanagh, and Nixon Lodge, Co.Cavan, with a short account of the Families of Erskine of Cavanand Allin of Youghal " (Thorn, 1899) : " The Family of Green ofYoughal " (Thorn, 1902) : "The Family of Hassard " (Thom, 1904) :" The Families of French of Belturbet and Nixon of Fermanagh "(Thom, 1908). His contributions to historical journals would,if collected, fill a large volume, and his work being original isof great value. Just before his death he had prepared for thepress a history of the clergy of Dromore. Although a very busyman he never failed to respond to the editor's request for anarticle for this Jouma2, in which he took a lively interest andoffered many kindly suggestions for its improvement.MOST REV. FRANCIS X. GILPILLAN, D.D., Bishop of St. Joseph,Missouri, died suddenly on January 13, 1933, at the Rectory ofSt. Joseph's Cathedral. A member of a well-known Co. Leitrimfamily, he was born February 16,1872, in the townland of Aghavas,Parish of Aghavas, Carrigallen, Co. Leitrim, and was the son ofThomas Gilfillan and Brigid Curran. He was educated at theNational School of Corduff, where he was taught by Mr. Curran,N.T., and subsequently attended Moyne Classical School, Dromard,Arva. Entering St. Patrick's College, Carlow, he studiedfor the priesthood. Proceeding to U.S.A. for the completion ofhis studies he entered the Catholic University of Washington, andwas ordained at St. Louis, by Archbishop Kain, on June 24, 1895.He was a distinguished student and gained the degree of D.D.cum maxima 2aude. For some years he worked in the Diocese ofSt. Louis where he took a leading part in the building of the newCathedral in that city. On July 8,1922, he was appointed TitularBishop of Spigas and Coadjutor Bishop of St. Joseph, his conse;cration taking place on November 8 of the same year. He becameBishop of St. Joseph on the death of Most Rev. Maurice F. Burke,on March 17, 1923. Dr. Gallan was brother of the late Mr.Thomas J. Gilfillan of Kilmore, Co. Roscommon, and manyof his relatives are priests in Ardagh Diocese. Two of his sisters,Sisters Patricia and Joseph, are attached to the Convent ofMercy, Manorhamilton. He was a Life Member of this Society,and his brilliant intellect shed lustre on the County9of his birth.VERY REV. PATRICK O'REILLY, P.P., V.F., Derrylin, Co. Fermanagh,died July' 5, 1933, at the age of 77. Born in the townlandof Corravoggy, Kildrumsheridan Parish, he studied at St.Patrick's College, Cavan, where he was ordained in 1883. Hisfirst mission was in Cavan, and he then went as C.C. to Killinkere

and afterwards to Annagh. In November, 1887, he went toU.S.A. to collect funds for St. Patrick's College. On his returnin August, 1888, he was appointed C.C. Kinawley. He wassuccessively C.C. Killinagh (1892); C.C. Knockninny (1894) ;C.C. Killann (1897) ; C.C. Laragh (1899). In 1906 he was appointedP.P. Killasnett, and erected the new church there. Hewas transferred to Knockainny in September, 1915, and builta new parochial house. Although a member of this Society andintcrested in its work, he rarely found it possible, owing to failinghealth, and living a long distance away, to attend the meetings ;but he always looked forward to the appearance of the Journal,and was an enthusiastic supporter of every activity of the Society.

Preiffne antiquarian anb Bis'torical 6ocietp.Lists of Life Members and Members ,at the end of the Year 1933.LIFE MEMBERS.BRADY, Rev. Francis J. ... c/o Loretto Heights College,Loretto, Colorado, U.S.A.BRADY, Right Rev. Msgr. Loretto Heights College, Loretto,RichardColorado, U.S.A.BRADY, Very Rev. James J. Mullagh, Co. Cavan.M. V. ... ... Ministry LFG.D., Dublin.... Market Street, Cootehill.CONLON,CONNOLLY. Rev. PatrickFINEGAN, Most Rev. Patrick, Bishop's House, Culliss, Cavan.D.D. -FINLAY, Rev. T. A., S.J. ... 36 Lower Leeson St., Dublin.GILLICK, Rev. BernardGILSENAN, Rev. James B.... 320 East Mh Street, Salida,Colo., U.S.A.... Church of Our Lady of Nazareth,Roanoke;Virginia, U.S.A.LOUGH, Mrs. . . . . . . 4 Wilton Terrace, Booterstown,MACBRIDE, Rev. JamesCo. Dublin (Honorary)... St. Paul's Church, Pine Bluffs,Wyoming, USA.MACCABE, Very Rev. Francis, Holywell, O'Daly's cBridge, Kil-LLB.naleck, Co. Cavan.MAGUIRE, Rev. Patrick .. Church of St. Vincent de Paul,Wasatch Ave., Murray, Utah,U.S.A.MASTERSON, Rev. Edward, S. J. Milltown Park, Dublin.O'CONNELL, His Eminence W., Boston, U.S.A.Cardinal.

O'FARRELI,~, Agnes W., M.A. University College, Dublin.O',REILLY, Right Rev. James, Bishop's House, 608 Broadway,D.D.Fargo, N. Dakota, U.S.A.O'REILLY, Rev. Patrick .. c/o. St. John's Cathedral, 2820Mariposa St ., Fresno, California,U.S.A.... Knock Abbey, Co. Louth.O'REI&,Y, William . . .BLAKE, Mks K. . ...BOURKE. C., M.D. ... ...BRADY, very Rev. H.P., P.P.,V.F.BURKE, T. J., B.A., M.P.S.I.CHA~ERS, T. Y., M.A. ...CLARKE,CLARKE,COFFEY,Rev. M. J. ... . . .Terence . . . . . .D. J. ... ...COGAN, Rev. J., B.A., B.D.,B.C.L. .COLE, J. A., M.A. ... . .COLUM, Padraic .. ...CONEY, Very Rev. Charles,P.P., V.F.COBIEY, Very Rev. M., D.D.,P.P., V.F.CORR, Rev. L., C.C. ... ...MEMBERS.Derrylin, Enniskillen.Portaliffe House, Killeshandra.Cootehill.Broomfield House, Ballyhaise.St. Patrick's College, Cavan.Munster and Leinster Bank,Cavan.Main Street, Cavan.The Laurels, Bailieboro.5613' Oriole Ave., St. Louis, Mo.,U.S.A.Barrack Street, Bailieboro.Redhills, Co. Cavan.St. Finian's College, Mullingar.Holmbroolc, Portrush, CountyAntrirn.64, 5th Ave., New York.Derrylin, Enniskillen, CountyFermanagh.ACA-O ~A-OAI~ (Virginia), Co.. Cavan.Kildrumsheridan, Cootehill.CORRY, LADY DOROTHY LOWRY Castle Coole, Enniskillen.CULLEN, B.' T., F.R.C.S. ... Cavan.CURRAN,T. M.D. . ... . . . Ballananagh, Cavan.DALTON, J. P., M.A., M.R.I.A. 19 Belgrave Square, Monkstown,Dublin.DOLAN, Rev. M., P.P., V.F. Kinlough, Co. Leitrim.DOONER, Rev. M., C.C. ... Street, Rathowen, Co. Westmeath.DUKE, S., A.R.C.Sc.1. ... Lucan, Co. Dublin.EARI,EY, Rev. James, C.C. ... Longford.

FARRELLY, T.M. .. ...FIGGIS, W.F. . . . ...FINEGAN,Louis J., M.D. ...FINEGAN, Rev. C., B.A., C.C.FINEGAN,Rev. Peter, P.P. . ..FITZPATRICK, Rev. D., B.D.,B.C.L.FITZSIMONS,H. . . . . . .GALLIGAN.GANNON, Rev. P. J., S.J. ...GILHEANEY, J., N.T. . .HALPIN, W. H. (Solr.) ...Rev. H., P.P. . ..JUDGE, Very Rev. J., P.P.,V.F.KENNEDY, F. E. (Soh.) ...LYNCH, Very Rev. Hugh, P.P.,V.F.Bailieboro.20 Nassau St., Dublin.Newtownmountkennedy, Co.Wicklow.Cabinteely, Co. Dublin.Queen's Park, Perth, W.Australia.Shercock, Co. Cavan.~ c t~adiy ~ a (Virginia), CountyCavan.Cavan.Lavey, Stradone, Cavan.Milltown Park, ,Dublin.Coleman Road, Cavan.Cavan.Crosserlough.Cavan.Rillenummery, Dromahaire.IMACCABE, Aiden, E. R. (Solr.)MACGOVERN, Owen N.T. ...MACGOVERN, Sean ... ...MACKEON, Rev. John F., P.P.MACMULLEN, Surgeon .A.MACNAMARA, J ., A.R.C.Sc.1. . MACNIRFE, Rev. P., B.A.,B.D., B.C.L.MAGAURAN, Raymond G., M.D.MAGUIRE, Hugh ... ...MAGUIRE, Rev. J., B.A., B.D.,B.C.L.MAGUIRE, Rev. F., C.C.. . .MARTIN, Peter, N.T. ...MEEHAN, Rev. P., P.P. ...MONTGOMERY.I. . .. . . .Cavan.Aghaloora, Kilnaleck.Ardalla House, Belturbet.Drumlease, Dromahaire.Infirmary House, Cavan.Church Street, Cavan.St. Patrick's College, Cavan.Church Street, Cavan.Ulster Bank, Wexford.Presbytery, Cavan.I,oughduff, Cavan.Kilnaleck.Keadue, Carrick-on-Shannon.Ulster Bank, Cavan.O'CONNELL, Philip, M.Sc.,F.R.S.A.I.O'DONOHOE, Rev. Charles,P.P.30 dpv nA Syeine, Clonmel.Killinkere, dc~a ha~ip, CO.Cavan. . .

' .Rev. P., P.P. ...John F. ... ...E. J. ... ...J . ... ...Q'DONOHOE,O'HANLON,.O'HANLON,-O'HIGGINS,Q'REILLY, Rev. Patrick, P.P.( Vice-President) ,.O'REILLY, J. J., T.D. ....O'REILLY, Rev. John, Adm.O'REILLY, Rev. Peter, C.C. .........-O'REILLY, Thomas ...Q' Reilly, H., B.E. ......Kildrumsheridan, Cootehill.Cavan.Editor, Anglo-Celt, Cavan.Co. Council Offices, Cavan.Knockbride, Bailieboro.Tullyvin, Cootehill.Presbytery, Cavan.Cootehill.LonghdufF, Cavan.Rice Hill, Cavan..PLVNKET, T., M.D. ... Kilnaleck.PLUNXET, T., N.T. ... ... Ballyhaise.-REEGLIN, Rev. W. W. ... Wyat Villa, Ballybrack, Co.Dublin.REID, W. &I., M.B.E. (Solr.)... Church Street, Cavan.REYNOLDS, H. Fitzgerald ... 59 Westville Road, Pennylan,Cardiff.RUDDEN, Very Rev. P. V. ... St. Patrick's College, Cavan.Michael ... ...SHERIDAN,SMALL, Rev. T., P.P. ...SMITH, F. P., M.D. (President)SMITH, Mrs. F. P. ... ...SMITH-BRADY, Mrs. B. M.,F.R.S.A.I. (Hon.Sec.)SMITH, Rev. Joseph, C.P....SMITH, Rev. Philip, P.P., V.F.SMYTH, E. J. ... ... ...SMYTH, Terence S. ... ...SMYTH, T. J., B.L. ... .,.-SUPERIOR, The ... ...TIERNEY,Main St., Ballananagh, Cavan.Kilmainhamwood, Kells, Co.Meath.Kevit Castle, Crossdoney.Kevit Castle, Crossdoney.Ballyhaise, Cavan.St. Mary's RetreatCarmarthen, Wales.Killeshandra.Hibernian Bank, Cavan.60 Main Street, Cavan.Cavan.Marisf College, Bailieborv.John ... ... Hotel, &a* t~earpCo. Cavan.WALKER, R. V., B.A. ... Limerick City.WHELAN,Bernard ... ... Main Street, Cavan.(Virginia),QN.R.--Change in address should be duly rellorted do [he Hm.Secretary.]