i orL] ria. 787baring had several relapses, and resisted the action of sulphateof quinine, and presented the ana?mia, emaciation,anorexia, &c. seen in those who have long been affected byague. Three douch< required in two of these eases,and five in one other to remove the fever, hut from eight toeleven were necessary to cause the splenic engorgement andthe cachectic symptoms to disa<strong>pp</strong>ear. In one case the liverwas very greatly enlarged, but this condition disa<strong>pp</strong>earedby perseverance with the affusions.M. Fleury arrives at the following conclusions : 1. Inthe treatment of recent intermittent fever, simple and withlittle or no engorgement of the spleen, cold douches maybe substituted for quinine.2. In the treatment of old-standing ague, where severalrelapses have occurred, and there is considerable enlargementof the spleen, or of the liver, with a cachectic condition,cold affusions are to be preferred toquinine, for theycut short the fever, restore the viscera to their natural volume,and remove the cachexy more safely than quinine, thelatter in large doses, not unfrequently acting injuriouslyupon the nervous system, or on the digestive organs. — (Bulletindes Aeadem. and Lancet.) Kanking's Half YearlyAbstract of the Medical Sciences, Xo. vii. Jan. to June,1848, p. OS.DiphtJuThe following practical observations upon the treatmentaken from a very interesting paper lead>re the New York Academy of Medicine, by Dr. JamesWynne.After giving an elaborate history of the epidemicsof this affection, he proceeds t}n\< :1) — -It la not a difficult matter generally t give acorrect diagnosis in diphtheria, especially when the practitioneris cognizant of the fact that a false membrane hasis forming. The diseases with which it is possible
788 Dvphtlima. [<strong>October</strong>,to confound it, are angina maligna and croup. In the firstof these affections, the medical man has the general symptomsof scarlatina to guide him, and especially the eruptionwhichis absent in diphtheria. In scarlatina, the tonsils areof a bright red, resembling the juice of the strawberry, andthe membrane which covers them is simply inflammatory ;while in diphtheria the hue is deeper. The exudation inscarlatina is white, opaque, cheesy and easily furrowed ;while in diptheria it is yellowish, tenacious and not easilyimpressed by the action of a hard body. The inflammatoryaction in scarlatina is observed at the beginning in allthe soft parts of the throat; while in diphtheria it almost invariablyshows itself at the commencement upon the tonsils.As the disease progresses, diphtheria manifests a tendencyto invade the air passages, which is not one of thecharacteristics of scarlatina.The main distinction between croup and diphtheria is tobe found in the part affected. In croup the trachea is primarilythe seat of diseased action ; in diphtheria it is onlyreached after the disease has made considerable progress.In croup the earliest symptom is stridulous breathing; whilein diphtheria the primary symptoms are chiefly observed inIn croup the false membrane onthe organs of deglutition.the tonsils is not present; in diphtheria, it is an invariablesymptom.Complications.—Diphtheria may manifest a dispositiontothe formation of a false membrane in other parts than thoseprimarily affected, as the skin, the mucous membrane of thenose, the ears, the lungs, and the anus ; or it may prevailcoincident with other affections, as influenza, bronchitis,measles, scarlatina, erysipelas, or it may be affected by aparticular epidemic condition, in which it becomes complicatedwith hemorrhage of the nose, skin, and mucous membranesof the intestines or lungs, or a typhoid type oldisease.Prognosis.—When diphtheria is confined to the tonsils, \\usually terminates in a restoration to health ; but when thefalse membranes extends to the nasal cavities or the laryniespecially if accompanied with grave constitutional symptoms, the patient is placed in imminent peril. Even in favorable cases, the prognosis should be given with muclconsideration.Treatment.—The practitioner has three important indicalion to fulfil in the treatment of diphtheria :
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- Page 39 and 40: 700 Diphtheria. [October,*almost in
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