History of the Irish state to 1014 - National Library of Scotland

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100 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE chap.monastery had been founded by S. Honorat in 410 ;probably followed the hermits withdrawn to the desolaterocks which lay thrown, as S. Ambrose said, onthe flood like a collar of pearls. At Auxerre he workedfor fifteen years. Kinsmen, elders, friends, and enemiesalike opposed his mission. Critics mocked at his ignorance; among the saints of God he felt himself " Patrickthe sinner " ; among the professors "— he was " a clown,and exile, unlearned verily " the most clownish andleast of all the faithful, and contemptible in the eyesof very many." By friends who opposed the Irishadventure " many gifts were proffered me with weepingand tears." To Roman citizens Ireland was the outerlimit of the world, buffeted all round the year by abillowy and tempestuous ocean, the home of barbarousScotti and Gwyddyl, of pirates and savages who madeno difference between lawful and unlawful—a landlying outside the only conceivable form of orderedsociety as established in the Empire. " Why does thisfellow," they said, " thrust himself into danger amonghostile people who know not God ? " Patrick had butone answer, " Is it from me that springs that godlycompassion which I exercise towards that nation whoonce took me captive and made havoc of the menservantsand maid-servants of my father's house " " ? Idid not proceed to Ireland till I was nearly worn out."But his years of trial he counted gain, " because I wasamended by the Lord." " And me the abhorred of thisworld did he inspire . . . only that ... I should faithfullybe of service to the nation to whom the love ofChrist conveyed me, carrying the Gospel to the limitsbeyond which no man dwells."The Romans had left Britain (401) and released itspeople from their allegiance to the emperor (410) ; andthe Saxons had already begun their raids in Kent whenin 429 S. Germanus of Auxerre made his first missionjourney to the distracted British Church, preaching tovast crowds in churches, at cross-roads, in the fields.
VII SAINT PATRICK loiAfter his return in 431 he probably consecrated Patrickto succeed Palladius as bishop for the Irish mission(432) (6). Tradition tells that his first landing was onthe coast of the south Laigin, from which Palladius hadapparently been driven. Patrick in his turn seems tohave been repulsed by the king of the Ui Cennselaig,and we can well understand from the relations of theTara kings, Niall and Loeguire, with the Laigin leadersthat the district was in no way prepared for a peacefulChristian mission. He was forced to sail on a courseto the north, touching at various harbours and islandstill he reached the dangerous strait which forms thesole entry to the great fiord of Loch Cuan (Strangford)—an arm of the sea eighteen miles long—with its traditionalthree hundred and sixty-five islands.No one who has watched in the narrow neck of thefiord the fierce race of the tide when the water levelfalls swiftly in the Irish Sea, or who has followed thecourse of Patrick's boat within the loch when thisdanger was surmounted, can doubt that the journeywas carefully planned beforehand (possibly from CandidaCasa), and guided by a skilled pilot of the country (7).West lay the wide sweep of the land-locked waters,with the swirling tides round the ominous dun andbare level hand-breadth of desolation, " Diinnaneill ofthe hostages " (harsh prison of the forfeited hostages ofthe Ui Neill) ;with the heavy dark cormorants wingingtheir ceaseless way across the waters from harbour toharbour, like omens of the future black pirates. Ascarcely noticed creek suddenly breaks the border-line,sweeping among swamps and islands wooded to thewater's edge, to end in the marshy mazes of the Quoileround the ancient rath of Dun Celtchair (Downpatrick).Opposite Castle island Patrick's boat entered the windingsof the sluggish stream Slaney through the morass,till it came to the border of dry land at what was probablyeven then an old water-store, where a trackway oftwo miles led east along the edge of firm ground to Dun
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MACMILLAN AND CO., LimitedLONDON .
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HISTORY OF THE IRISHSTATE TO I o 14
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PREFACEIn this book I have brought
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PREFACEixtrace the magnanimity with
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HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATECHAPTER I
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I EARLY PEOPLES3fillar-stones may h
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I EARLY PEOPLES5fact, Ireland was i
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I EARLY PEOPLES 7circles, the immem
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I EARLY PEOPLES 9and which must be
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I EARLY PEOPLES iiwas by him that c
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aI EARLY PEOPLES 13their home. Her
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I EARLY PEOPLES 15wealth, and rings
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EARLY PEOPLES 17and place of assemb
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I EARLY PEOPLES 19be examined for p
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CHAP. II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADE
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II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADERS 23I
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"II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADERS 25
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II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADERS 27l
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:;II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADERS 2
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II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADERS 31T
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;II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADERS 33
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—II THE CELTIC-SPEAKING INVADERS
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CHAPTER IIIUISNECH AND TARAIn the f
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Ill UISNECH AND TARA 39The Connacht
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Ill UISNECH AND TARA 41final advanc
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—UISNECH AND TARA43enduring sense
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aIll UISNECH AND TARA45half, but th
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I—in UISNECH AND TARA 47commander
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Page 75 and 76: UISNECH AND TARA59fallen." The syst
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Page 79 and 80: —IV HIGH-KINGSHIP AT TARA 63conti
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Page 89 and 90: IV HIGH KINGSHIP AT TARA 73Tara for
Page 91 and 92: "CHAP. V THE IRISH STATE 75order of
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Page 95 and 96: V THE IRISH STATE 79and treaty law.
Page 97 and 98: V THE IRISH STATE 8ipractice, seems
Page 99 and 100: V THE IRISH STATE 83foreigners.In C
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Page 103 and 104: VI THE UNION OF PEOPLES 87meaning f
Page 105 and 106: ;VI THE UNION OF PEOPLES 89Physicia
Page 107 and 108: "VI THE UNION OF PEOPLES 91fails in
Page 109 and 110: —VI THE UNION OF PEOPLES 93commun
Page 111 and 112: —|THE UNION OF PEOPLES 95REFERENC
Page 113 and 114: CHAP. VII SAINT PATRICK 97south, an
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Page 119 and 120: VII SAINT PATRICK 103harboured wild
Page 121 and 122: VII SAINT PATRICK 105of his own sin
Page 123 and 124: VII SAINT PATRICK 107plain. " Some
Page 125 and 126: VII SAINT PATRICK 109" *Dubthoch mo
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Page 129 and 130: VII SAINT PATRICK 113king of Cashel
Page 131 and 132: ;VII SAINT PATRICK 115One of the di
Page 133 and 134: VII SAINT PATRICK 117Letter {c. 459
Page 135 and 136: VII SAINT PATRICK 119died at Saul,
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Page 143 and 144: VIII THE EARLY CHURCH 127and in lat
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Page 153 and 154: VIII THE EARLY CHURCH 137In 551 he
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viii THE EARLY CHURCH 151the whole
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;VIII THE EARLY CHURCH 153give, tha
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VIII THE EARLY CHURCH 155Silvester
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viii THE EARLY CHURCH 157was the cu
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VIII THE EARLY CHURCH 159Or again :
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CHAPTER IXIRISHLEARNINGIt was some
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IX IRISH LEARNING 163and gives a li
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IX IRISH LEARNING 165interpretation
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IX IRISH LEARNING 167defeated Mael
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kIX IRISH LEARNING 169we only know
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;IX IRISH LEARNING 171forbidden ; w
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IX IRISH LEARNING 173Ceatt, and est
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—IX IRISH LEARNING 175The clergy
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IX IRISH LEARNING 177their wanderin
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fIX IRISH LEARNING 179standpoint of
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;IX IRISH LEARNING i8iintercourse w
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1 84 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE cha
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—1 86 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE
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i >I{aTXlI3U-I30QQ Ti'-'^ r:i *^. r
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—I90 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE c
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192 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE chap
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—194 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE c
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";" boaire of adjudication," the "
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2o6 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE chap
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—;212 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE
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;226 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE cha
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CHAPTER XIITHE JURISTSThe jurists o
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—;CHAPTER XIIIMONASTERIES AND IND
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—i26o HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE
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"264 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE cha
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—CHAPTER XIVTHE IRISHCOMMONWEALTH
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CHAPTER XVASSEMBLIESPublic assembli
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;CHAPTER XVINORTH AND SOUTHThe Nort
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a3o6 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE cha
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*H^^^&^326 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STA
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CHAPTER XVIIIFOREIGN SETTLEMENTS IN
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I352 HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE cha
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—38o HISTORY OF THE IRISH STATE c
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CHAPTER XXICLONTARFThere was little
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EPILOGUE" Brian's battle " was not
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APPENDIX" The antiquity of the earl
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INDEX" Abbot," its meaning among Ir
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;LawCarman " of the Heroes," fair o
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1Diarmait, abbot of Armagh, 328Diar
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;;INDEX 431Genealogies, early Irish
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;Laws, early Irish, 107-109; legend
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king;Ossory, 305, 306, 370; Ciardn'
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INDEX 437Ui Eachach, 361Ui Faelain,
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