agriculture and ecosystem services - Serena

Recommendations

Info

Case Study 1PES and eco-certification in theKapingazi watershed, KenyaIlaria Firmian 1 , Delia Catacutan 2 , John Gatenya 2 and Sara Namirembe 21International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome, Italy2World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya©©FAO/G. Napolitano
PES and Eco-certification in theKapingazi watershed, Kenyaa f r i c aDemocraticrepublic ofthe congoSUDANugandaethiopiaProject areasomaliaAtlanticOceanKENYAIndianOceanunited republicof TANZANIANairobiIndianOceanThe catchment of the Kapingazi River forms part of a much larger Mount Kenya East or UpperTana River catchment and covers an area of 61.2 km 2 . The Kapingazi River feeds into theRupingazi River, which then feeds into the Tana system, contributing water to the Seven ForksHydropower Reservoirs. These hydropower stations provide 70 percent of Kenya’s electricity.The cropping pattern in the watershed is more or less stratified, with the three main sectionsmanaged through different land uses: (a) a tea zone in the upper part of the catchment, especiallyaround Kiriari; (b) a transition zone where both coffee and tea are dominant, around Kairuri;and (c) a coffee zone in the lower part of the catchment (Figure 3). Subsistence farming ispracticed mostly with beans and maize. In addition, ‘zero grazing’ is practiced.Tree cover is very low in the farming zones. Until 2003, the shamba system was in place.This regulatory system allowed farmers to use previously clear-cut forest areas for foodproduction while taking care of newly-planted tree seedlings until the competition betweentrees and food crops would not permit further cultivation. In the long run, the shamba systemappeared to fail in curbing deforestation because more land was being cleared for agriculture,resulting in a government ban. Since then, farmers living next to the forests are only allowedlimited and controlled access to the gazetted forest to obtain fodder and firewood; the forestprovides an important buffer for fodder and firewood supply during the dry season. There wasan attempt to bring back the shamba system on a trial basis in 2008, but this was generallynot accepted and it remains banned.Increased deforestation associated with population growth (there are approximately9 000 households in the Kapingazi catchment, with a population of 41 000 inhabitants) isalso currently disrupting the ecosystem services associated with the watershed.In the early part of the rainy season, the river carries a high sediment load due to soilerosion from several exposed areas before the annual crop cover is established. Other bare37
Page 1: payments PAYNINTS forecosystem ICO$
Page 4 and 5: The designations employed and the p
Page 6 and 7: Case studies1. PES and Eco-certific
Page 8 and 9: Abbreviations andAcronymsCAFNETCAPC
Page 10 and 11: FAO/W. Astrada©Payments forecosyst
Page 12 and 13: the principles of equity and justic
Page 14 and 15: Payments forecosystem services andf
Page 16 and 17: FAO/M. Marzot©Payments forecosyste
Page 24 and 25: ©©D. Schwen8
Page 46 and 47: Viewpoint 1Challenges and solutions
Page 48 and 49: Viewpoint I©©©B. G. Herren©FAO/
Page 50 and 51: Viewpoint 1©©B. G. Herren©©USDA
Page 54 and 55: Case Study 1©©G. Mwaloma/ICRAF. P
Page 56 and 57: Case Study 1©©M. Mäkelä and S.
Page 58 and 59: Case Study 1©©D. Catacután/ICRAF
Page 60 and 61: © ©© FAO/photo © © D. credit I
Page 84 and 85: Case Study 2Geographical indication
Page 86 and 87: Case Study 2©©B. Garmash©©C. De
Page 88: 72,©©© FAO/O. Asselin

agriculture and ecosystem services - Serena

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?