agriculture and ecosystem services - Serena

Relevance of OECDagri‐environmentalmeasures for PES%1009080706050403020100Figure 5Structure of agri-environmental payments in selected OECD countries in1996-1998 and 2006-20081996-98 2006-08 1996-98 2006-08 1996-98 2006-08 1996-98 2006-08EU NORWAY SWITZERLAND USAEU 15 for 1996-1998 and EU 27 for 2006-08LegendPayments based on input usePayments based on area/animal numbersTechnical assistance on farmsLong term resource (land) retirementPayments based on a specific non-commodity outputAdapted from OECD, 2009It is notable that in Japan and Korea, both of which have relatively high levels of agriculturalpolicy support, agri-environmental schemes were introduced only relatively recently, while in othercountries, such as Mexico and Turkey, limited agricultural policy budgets have been prioritised forother purposes. However, Mexico also has a programme to encourage sustainable agriculture, whileTurkey has been introducing a series of initiatives to support organic farming over the last fiveyears. Korea has had a scheme to support reduced input use, including organic farming, initially(since 1999) in water catchment areas, but since 2002 extended across the whole country, withmeasures for environmentally-friendly livestock production introduced in 2004. Support for reducedinput use was only introduced in Japan in 2007 (OECD, 2009).Scope of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) andother OECD experiences on agri-environmental measuresIt is clear from the preceding review that, within the frameworks provided by the relevantregulations in the EU and other OECD countries, a wide range of approaches have been adopted,reflecting both local environmental priorities and resource availabilities, as well as differingpolicy perspectives on the roles that markets and policy interventions should play.51