World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and ...

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3 Tumours of the prostate 159WHO and TNM classifications 160Acinar adenocarcinoma 162Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia 193Ductal adenocarcinoma 199Urothelial carcinoma 202Squamous neoplasms 205Basal cell carcinoma 206Neuroendocrine tumours 207Mesenchymal tumours 209Haematolymphoid tumours 212Secondary tumours involving the prostate 212Miscellaneous tumours 213Tumours of the seminal vesicles 2144 Tumours of the testis andparatesticular tissue 217WHO and TNM classifications 218Introduction 220Germ cell tumours 221Precursor lesions 228Seminoma 230Spermatocytic seminoma 233Spermatocytic seminoma with sarcoma 235Embryonal carcinoma 236Yolk sac tumour 237Choriocarcinoma 240Teratomas 243Dermoid cyst 244Mixed germ cell tumours 246Sex cord / gonadal stromal tumours 250Leydig cell tumour 250Malignant Leydig cell tumour 251Sertoli cell tumour 252Malignant Sertoli cell tumour 255Granulosa cell tumours 255Thecoma/fibroma tumours 257Incompletely differentiated tumours 257Mixed forms 257Malignant sex cord / gonadal stromal tumours 258Tumours containing both germ cell andsex cord / gonadal stromal elements 259Gonadoblastoma 259Miscellaneous tumours 261Lymphoma and plasmacytomaand paratesticular tissues 263Tumours of collecting ducts and rete 265Tumours of paratesticular structures 267Adenomatoid tumour 267Mesothelioma 267Adenocarcinoma of the epididymis 270Papillary cystadenoma of epididymis 270Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour 271Desmoplastic small round cell tumour 272Mesenchymal tumours 273Secondary tumours 2775 Tumours of the penis 279WHO and TNM classifications 280Malignant epithelial tumours 281Squamous cell carcinoma 283Basaloid carcinoma 285Warty (condylomatous) carcinoma 285Verrucous carcinoma 286Papillary carcinoma (NOS) 286Sarcomatoid (spindle cell) carcinoma 286Mixed carcinomas 287Adenosquamous carcinoma 287Merkel cell carcinoma 287Small cell carcinoma of neuroendocrine type 287Sebaceous carcinoma 287Clear cell carcinoma 287Basal cell carcinoma 287Precursor lesions 288Intraepithelial neoplasia Grade III 288Giant condyloma 288Bowen disease 289Erythroplasia of Queyrat 289Paget disease 290Melanocytic lesions 291Mesenchymal tumours 292Lymphomas 297Secondary tumours 298Contributors 299Source of charts and photographs 304References 306Subject index 353
CHAPTER 1Tumours of the KidneyCancer of the kidney amounts to 2% of the total human cancerburden, with approximately 190,000 new cases diagnosedeach year. They occur in all world regions, with a preference fordeveloped countries. Etiological factors include environmentalcarcinogens (tobacco smoking) and lifestyle factors, in particularobesity.Although renal tumours can be completely removed surgically,haematogeneous metastasis is frequent and may occuralready at an early stage of the disease.The pattern of somatic mutations in kidney tumours has beenextensively investigated and has become, in addition tohistopathology, a major criterion for classification. Kidneytumours also occur in the setting of several inherited cancersyndromes, including von Hippel-Lindau disease.
Page 1 and 2: World Health Organization Classific
Page 3 and 4: This volume was produced in collabo
Page 5: Contents1 Tumours of the kidney 9WH
Page 9 and 10: TNM classification of renal cell ca
Page 11 and 12: one quarter of kidney cancers in bo
Page 13 and 14: Familial renal cell carcinomaM.J. M
Page 15 and 16: Table 1.02Genotype - phenotype corr
Page 17 and 18: ABFig. 1.11 A Multiple cutaneous le
Page 21 and 22: Clear cell renal cell carcinomaD.J.
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 1.20 Clear cell renal cell car
Page 25 and 26: Papillary renal cell carcinomaB. De
Page 27 and 28: ABFig. 1.29 Papillary renal cell ca
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1.33 Chromophobe RCC with sarc
Page 31 and 32: Carcinoma of the collectingducts of
Page 33 and 34: Renal medullary carcinomaC.J. Davis
Page 35 and 36: Renal carcinomas associated withXp1
Page 37 and 38: Renal cell carcinoma associated wit
Page 39 and 40: Papillary adenoma of the kidneyJ.N.
Page 41 and 42: of this tumour. Microscopic extensi
Page 43 and 44: ABFig. 1.59 Metanephric adenoma. A
Page 45 and 46: esults in intratumoral aneurysms. O
Page 47 and 48: peritumoural fibrous pseudocapsule.
Page 49 and 50: increases in prevalence to approxim
Page 51 and 52: Nephrogenic rests andnephroblastoma
Page 53 and 54: Cystic partially differentiatedneph
Page 55 and 56: ABFig. 1.80 Clear cell sarcoma of t
Page 57 and 58:
ABFig. 1.85 Rhabdoid tumour of the
Page 59 and 60:
transcription factor is fused to th
Page 61 and 62:
LeiomyosarcomaS.M. BonsibDefinition
Page 63 and 64:
AngiomyolipomaG. MartignoniM.B. Ami
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melanocytic and smooth muscle marke
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Multinucleated and enlarged ganglio
Page 69 and 70:
HaemangiomaP. TamboliDefinitionHaem
Page 71 and 72:
Fig. 1.107 Juxtaglomerular cell tum
Page 73 and 74:
Intrarenal schwannomaI. Alvarado-Ca
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Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour
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Synovial sarcoma of the kidneyJ.Y.
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Renal carcinoid tumourL.R. BéginDe
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Primitive neuroectodermal tumour(Ew
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Paraganglioma / PhaeochromocytomaPh
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LeukaemiaA. OraziInterstitial infil
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WHO histological classification of
Page 89 and 90:
TNM classification of carcinomas of
Page 91 and 92:
The risk of bladder cancer goes dow
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Tumour spread and stagingUrinary bl
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feature in such patients undergoing
Page 97 and 98:
AFig. 2.12 Infiltrative urothelial
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AFig. 2.15 A Infiltrating urothelia
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it difficult to identify genes lead
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Alterations of 9p21 and p15/p16 bel
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nostic role in invasively growing b
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Urothelial hyperplasiaJ.I. EpsteinU
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Urothelial papillomaC. BuschS.L. Jo
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Somatic geneticsUltrastructure, ant
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In spite of the overall orderly app
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Urothelial carcinoma in situI.A. Se
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aberrations, often including high l
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grade carcinomas recur frequently (
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AFig. 2.47 Squamous cell carcinoma.
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grading to be a significant morphol
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AFig. 2.57 Adenocarcinoma. A High p
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Urachal carcinomaA.G. AyalaP. Tambo
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Clear cell adenocarcinomaE. OlivaDe
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Small cell carcinomaF. AlgabaG. Sau
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mon in females by 1.4:1 {1845}. The
Page 136 and 137:
RhabdomyosarcomaI. LeuschnerDefinit
Page 138 and 139:
AngiosarcomaJ. ChevilleDefinitionAn
Page 140 and 141:
Malignant fibrous histiocytomaJ. Ch
Page 142 and 143:
Granular cell tumourI.A. Sesterhenn
Page 144 and 145:
LymphomasA. MarxDefinitionMalignant
Page 146 and 147:
ABCFig. 2.87 Metastatic tumours to
Page 148 and 149:
makes 4.6% of lower urinary tracttu
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and patients with pT 2 tumours have
Page 152 and 153:
Table 2.07Anatomic classification o
Page 154 and 155:
prominent basal epithelial cell lay
Page 156 and 157:
WHO histological classification of
Page 158 and 159:
Acinar adenocarcinomaJ.I. EpsteinF.
Page 160 and 161:
have been seen in high-risk countri
Page 162 and 163:
ABCFig. 3.07 A Pelvic metastases of
Page 164 and 165:
expression of PSMA in serum of both
Page 166 and 167:
AFig. 3.12 A Organ-confined adenoca
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glands. These are perineural invasi
Page 170 and 171:
have occasional p63 immunoreactive
Page 172 and 173:
ABFig. 3.25 A Pseudohyperplastic ad
Page 174 and 175:
PSA positive. Associated acinar ade
Page 176 and 177:
AAFig. 3.36 Schematic diagram of th
Page 178 and 179:
AFig. 3.39 A Gleason score 3+3=6. B
Page 180 and 181:
and prostatectomy Gleason score{375
Page 182 and 183:
Table 3.01Prostate cancer susceptib
Page 184 and 185:
AFig. 3.52 A Immunohistochemistry f
Page 186 and 187:
ABFig. 3.57 A Pathological stage an
Page 188 and 189:
Fig. 3.59 Preoperative PSA levels (
Page 190 and 191:
ABFig. 3.61 A Flat and tufting patt
Page 192 and 193:
ABFig. 3.65 High grade PIN with foa
Page 194 and 195:
Table 3.04Risk of subsequent carcin
Page 196 and 197:
sue. Transrectal needle core biopsi
Page 198 and 199:
Urothelial carcinomaD.J. GrignonDef
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CK20 in the majority of cases and h
Page 202 and 203:
Basal cell carcinomaP.H. TanA. Bill
Page 204 and 205:
ABFig. 3.84 Small cell carcinoma. A
Page 206 and 207:
ABFig. 3.87 A Malignant phyllodes t
Page 208 and 209:
Haematolymphoid tumoursK.A. Iczkows
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gliomas should not be designated as
Page 212 and 213:
CHAPTER 4XTumours of the of the Tes
Page 214 and 215:
TNM classification of germ cell tum
Page 216 and 217:
Germ cell tumoursP.J. WoodwardA. He
Page 218 and 219:
senting symptom: back or abdominalp
Page 220 and 221:
ABFig. 4.03 Germ cell tumours genet
Page 222 and 223:
process at all {1524}. In addition,
Page 224 and 225:
ABFig. 4.12 Comparison of morpholog
Page 226 and 227:
small tumour insufficient to produc
Page 228 and 229:
ABCFig. 4.22 Seminoma. A Pseudoglan
Page 230 and 231:
ABFig. 4.27 Spermatocytic seminoma.
Page 232 and 233:
Differential diagnosesDifferential
Page 234 and 235:
Histologic patternsMicrocystic or r
Page 236 and 237:
AFig. 4.40 Yolk sac tumour. A Pleom
Page 238 and 239:
TeratomaTeratomas are generally wel
Page 240 and 241:
ABCFig. 4.49 Teratoma. A Teratoma w
Page 242 and 243:
ABFig. 4.52 Teratoma with somatic t
Page 244 and 245:
ABFig. 4.59 Mixed germ cell tumours
Page 246 and 247:
ABCFig. 4.64 Leydig cell tumour. A
Page 248 and 249:
AFig. 4.69 Androgen insensitivity s
Page 250 and 251:
tinguished from Sertoli cell nodule
Page 252 and 253:
ound and have spherical, regularly
Page 254 and 255:
Tumours containing both germ cell a
Page 256 and 257:
Miscellaneous tumours of the testis
Page 258 and 259:
Lymphoma and plasmacytoma of thetes
Page 260 and 261:
Tumours of collecting ducts and ret
Page 262 and 263:
Tumours of paratesticular structure
Page 264 and 265:
EpidemiologyNodular mesothelial hyp
Page 266 and 267:
ABFig. 4.104 Papillary cystadenoma
Page 268 and 269:
Fig. 4.109 Desmoplastic small round
Page 270 and 271:
Fig. 4.115 Leiomyosarcoma. Coronal,
Page 272 and 273:
Secondary tumoursC.J. DavisDefiniti
Page 274 and 275:
CHAPTER 5Tumours of the PenisThe in
Page 276 and 277:
Malignant epithelial tumoursA.L. Cu
Page 278 and 279:
ABFig. 5.05 A Well differentiated s
Page 280 and 281:
ABFig. 5.10 Squamous cell carcinoma
Page 282 and 283:
Fig. 5.17 Low grade papillary carci
Page 284 and 285:
5 cm in diameter. The term has been
Page 286 and 287:
Melanocytic lesionsA.G. AyalaP. Tam
Page 288 and 289:
Fig. 5.29 Lobular capillary haemang
Page 290 and 291:
ABFig. 5.34 A Kaposi sarcoma of the
Page 292 and 293:
LymphomasA. MarxDefinitionPrimary p
Page 294 and 295:
ContributorsDr Lauri A. AALTONENRes
Page 296 and 297:
Dr Kyu Rae KIMDepartment of Patholo
Page 298 and 299:
Dr Thomas M. ULBRIGHT*Department of
Page 300 and 301:
3.03.01 Dr D.M. Parkin03.02 WHO/NCH
Page 303 and 304:
115. Ariel I, Sughayer M, Fellig Y,
Page 305 and 306:
246. Birt AR, Hogg GR, Dube WJ (197
Page 307 and 308:
374. Cardone G, Malventi M, Roffi M
Page 309 and 310:
502. Corti B, Carella R, Gabusi E,
Page 311 and 312:
633. Donhuijsen K, Schmidt U, Richt
Page 313 and 314:
768. Fischer J, Palmedo G, von Knob
Page 315 and 316:
900. Goedert JJ, Cote TR, Virgo P,
Page 317 and 318:
1028. Hartmann A, Dietmaier W, Hofs
Page 319 and 320:
1162. Iezzoni JC, Fechner RE, Wong
Page 321 and 322:
1293. Keetch DW, Catalona WJ (1995)
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1424. Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu
Page 325 and 326:
1548. Lopez-Beltran A, Croghan GA,C
Page 327 and 328:
1681. McLaughlin JK, Silverman DT,
Page 329 and 330:
1816. Moudouni SM, En-Nia I, Rioux-
Page 331 and 332:
1945. Ohori M, Wheeler TM, Kattan M
Page 333 and 334:
2070. Phillips G, Kumari-Subaiya S,
Page 335 and 336:
2199. Riou G, Barrois M, Prost S, T
Page 337 and 338:
2327. Schmidt L, Junker K, Weirich
Page 339 and 340:
2450. Smith G, Elton RA, Beynon LL,
Page 341 and 342:
2572. Tamboli P, Mohsin SK, Hailema
Page 343 and 344:
2693. van Echten J, Timmer A, van d
Page 345 and 346:
2816. Wick MR, Berg LC, Hertz MI (1
Page 347 and 348:
2937. Zhuang Z, Park WS, Pack S, Sc
Page 349 and 350:
CCNB, 226CCND1, 105, 108CCND2, 226,
Page 351 and 352:
JJuvenile type granulosa cell tumou
Page 353 and 354:
Promoter methylation, 21Prostate sp
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