World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and ...

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WHO histological classification of tumours of the kidneyRenal cell tumoursClear cell renal cell carcinoma 8310/3 1Multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma 8310/3Papillary renal cell carcinoma 8260/3Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma 8317/3Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini 8319/3Renal medullary carcinoma 8319/3Xp11 translocation carcinomasCarcinoma associated with neuroblastomaMucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinomaRenal cell carcinoma, unclassified 8312/3Papillary adenoma 8260/0Oncocytoma 8290/0Metanephric tumoursMetanephric adenoma 8325/0Metanephric adenofibroma 9013/0Metanephric stromal tumour 8935/1Nephroblastic tumoursNephrogenic restsNephroblastoma 8960/3Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma 8959/1Mesenchymal tumoursOccurring Mainly in ChildrenClear cell sarcoma 9044/3Rhabdoid tumour 8963/3Congenital mesoblastic nephroma 8960/1Ossifying renal tumour of infants 8967/0Occurring Mainly in AdultsLeiomyosarcoma (including renal vein) 8890/3Angiosarcoma 9120/3Rhabdomyosarcoma 8900/3Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 8830/3Haemangiopericytoma 9150/1Osteosarcoma 9180/3Angiomyolipoma 8860/0Epithelioid angiomyolipomaLeiomyoma 8890/0Haemangioma 9120/0Lymphangioma 9170/0Juxtaglomerular cell tumour 8361/0Renomedullary interstitial cell tumour 8966/0Schwannoma 9560/0Solitary fibrous tumour 8815/0Mixed mesenchymal and epithelial tumoursCystic nephroma 8959/0Mixed epithelial and stromal tumourSynovial sarcoma 9040/3Neuroendocrine tumoursCarcinoid 8240/3Neuroendocrine carcinoma 8246/3Primitive neuroectodermal tumour 9364/3Neuroblastoma 9500/3Phaeochromocytoma 8700/0Haematopoietic and lymphoid tumoursLymphomaLeukaemiaPlasmacytoma 9731/3Germ cell tumoursTeratoma 9080/1Choriocarcinoma 9100/3Metastatic tumours__________1Morphology code of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) {808} and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (http://snomed.org). Behaviour is coded/0 for benign tumours, /3 for malignant tumours, and /1 for borderline or uncertain behaviour.10 Tumours of the kidney
TNM classification of renal cell carcinomaTNM classification 1,2T – Primary TumourTX Primary tumour cannot be assessedT0 No evidence of primary tumourT1T1aT1bT2T3T3aT3bT3cT4Tumour 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidneyTumour 4 cm or lessTumour more than 4 cm but not more than 7 cmTumour more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidneyTumour extends into major veins or directly invades adrenal glandor perinephric tissues but not beyond Gerota fasciaTumour directly invades adrenal gland or perinephric tissues a butnot beyond Gerota fasciaTumour grossly extends into renal vein(s) b or vena cava or its wallbelow diaphragmTumour grossly extends into vena cava or its wall above diaphragmTumour directly invades beyond Gerota fasciaNotes: a Includes renal sinus (peripelvic) fatb Includes segmental (muscle-containing) branchesN – Regional Lymph NodesNX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessedN0 No regional lymph node metastasisN1 Metastasis in a single regional lymph nodeN2 Metastasis in more than one regional lymph nodeM – Distant MetastasisMX Distant metastasis cannot be assessedM0 No distant metastasisM1 Distant metastasisStage groupingStage I T1 N0 M0Stage II T2 N0 M0Stage III T3 N0 M0T1, T2, T3 N1 M0Stage IV T4 N0, N1 M0Any T N2 M0Any T Any N M1__________1{944,2662}.2A help desk for specific questions about the TNM classification is available at http://www.uicc.org/tnm11
Page 1 and 2: World Health Organization Classific
Page 3 and 4: This volume was produced in collabo
Page 5 and 6: Contents1 Tumours of the kidney 9WH
Page 7: CHAPTER 1Tumours of the KidneyCance
Page 11 and 12: one quarter of kidney cancers in bo
Page 13 and 14: Familial renal cell carcinomaM.J. M
Page 15 and 16: Table 1.02Genotype - phenotype corr
Page 17 and 18: ABFig. 1.11 A Multiple cutaneous le
Page 21 and 22: Clear cell renal cell carcinomaD.J.
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 1.20 Clear cell renal cell car
Page 25 and 26: Papillary renal cell carcinomaB. De
Page 27 and 28: ABFig. 1.29 Papillary renal cell ca
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1.33 Chromophobe RCC with sarc
Page 31 and 32: Carcinoma of the collectingducts of
Page 33 and 34: Renal medullary carcinomaC.J. Davis
Page 35 and 36: Renal carcinomas associated withXp1
Page 37 and 38: Renal cell carcinoma associated wit
Page 39 and 40: Papillary adenoma of the kidneyJ.N.
Page 41 and 42: of this tumour. Microscopic extensi
Page 43 and 44: ABFig. 1.59 Metanephric adenoma. A
Page 45 and 46: esults in intratumoral aneurysms. O
Page 47 and 48: peritumoural fibrous pseudocapsule.
Page 49 and 50: increases in prevalence to approxim
Page 51 and 52: Nephrogenic rests andnephroblastoma
Page 53 and 54: Cystic partially differentiatedneph
Page 55 and 56: ABFig. 1.80 Clear cell sarcoma of t
Page 57 and 58: ABFig. 1.85 Rhabdoid tumour of the
Page 59 and 60:
transcription factor is fused to th
Page 61 and 62:
LeiomyosarcomaS.M. BonsibDefinition
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AngiomyolipomaG. MartignoniM.B. Ami
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melanocytic and smooth muscle marke
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Multinucleated and enlarged ganglio
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HaemangiomaP. TamboliDefinitionHaem
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Fig. 1.107 Juxtaglomerular cell tum
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Intrarenal schwannomaI. Alvarado-Ca
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Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour
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Synovial sarcoma of the kidneyJ.Y.
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Renal carcinoid tumourL.R. BéginDe
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Primitive neuroectodermal tumour(Ew
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Paraganglioma / PhaeochromocytomaPh
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LeukaemiaA. OraziInterstitial infil
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WHO histological classification of
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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The risk of bladder cancer goes dow
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Tumour spread and stagingUrinary bl
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feature in such patients undergoing
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AFig. 2.12 Infiltrative urothelial
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AFig. 2.15 A Infiltrating urothelia
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it difficult to identify genes lead
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Alterations of 9p21 and p15/p16 bel
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nostic role in invasively growing b
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Urothelial hyperplasiaJ.I. EpsteinU
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Urothelial papillomaC. BuschS.L. Jo
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Somatic geneticsUltrastructure, ant
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In spite of the overall orderly app
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Urothelial carcinoma in situI.A. Se
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aberrations, often including high l
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grade carcinomas recur frequently (
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AFig. 2.47 Squamous cell carcinoma.
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grading to be a significant morphol
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AFig. 2.57 Adenocarcinoma. A High p
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Urachal carcinomaA.G. AyalaP. Tambo
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Clear cell adenocarcinomaE. OlivaDe
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Small cell carcinomaF. AlgabaG. Sau
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mon in females by 1.4:1 {1845}. The
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RhabdomyosarcomaI. LeuschnerDefinit
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AngiosarcomaJ. ChevilleDefinitionAn
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Malignant fibrous histiocytomaJ. Ch
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Granular cell tumourI.A. Sesterhenn
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LymphomasA. MarxDefinitionMalignant
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ABCFig. 2.87 Metastatic tumours to
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makes 4.6% of lower urinary tracttu
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and patients with pT 2 tumours have
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Table 2.07Anatomic classification o
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prominent basal epithelial cell lay
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WHO histological classification of
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Acinar adenocarcinomaJ.I. EpsteinF.
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have been seen in high-risk countri
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ABCFig. 3.07 A Pelvic metastases of
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expression of PSMA in serum of both
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AFig. 3.12 A Organ-confined adenoca
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glands. These are perineural invasi
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have occasional p63 immunoreactive
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ABFig. 3.25 A Pseudohyperplastic ad
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PSA positive. Associated acinar ade
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AAFig. 3.36 Schematic diagram of th
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AFig. 3.39 A Gleason score 3+3=6. B
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and prostatectomy Gleason score{375
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Table 3.01Prostate cancer susceptib
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AFig. 3.52 A Immunohistochemistry f
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ABFig. 3.57 A Pathological stage an
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Fig. 3.59 Preoperative PSA levels (
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ABFig. 3.61 A Flat and tufting patt
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ABFig. 3.65 High grade PIN with foa
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Table 3.04Risk of subsequent carcin
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sue. Transrectal needle core biopsi
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Urothelial carcinomaD.J. GrignonDef
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CK20 in the majority of cases and h
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Basal cell carcinomaP.H. TanA. Bill
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ABFig. 3.84 Small cell carcinoma. A
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ABFig. 3.87 A Malignant phyllodes t
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Haematolymphoid tumoursK.A. Iczkows
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gliomas should not be designated as
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CHAPTER 4XTumours of the of the Tes
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TNM classification of germ cell tum
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Germ cell tumoursP.J. WoodwardA. He
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senting symptom: back or abdominalp
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ABFig. 4.03 Germ cell tumours genet
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process at all {1524}. In addition,
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ABFig. 4.12 Comparison of morpholog
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small tumour insufficient to produc
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ABCFig. 4.22 Seminoma. A Pseudoglan
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ABFig. 4.27 Spermatocytic seminoma.
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Differential diagnosesDifferential
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Histologic patternsMicrocystic or r
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AFig. 4.40 Yolk sac tumour. A Pleom
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TeratomaTeratomas are generally wel
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ABCFig. 4.49 Teratoma. A Teratoma w
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ABFig. 4.52 Teratoma with somatic t
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ABFig. 4.59 Mixed germ cell tumours
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ABCFig. 4.64 Leydig cell tumour. A
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AFig. 4.69 Androgen insensitivity s
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tinguished from Sertoli cell nodule
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ound and have spherical, regularly
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Tumours containing both germ cell a
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Miscellaneous tumours of the testis
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Lymphoma and plasmacytoma of thetes
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Tumours of collecting ducts and ret
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Tumours of paratesticular structure
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EpidemiologyNodular mesothelial hyp
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ABFig. 4.104 Papillary cystadenoma
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Fig. 4.109 Desmoplastic small round
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Fig. 4.115 Leiomyosarcoma. Coronal,
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Secondary tumoursC.J. DavisDefiniti
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CHAPTER 5Tumours of the PenisThe in
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Malignant epithelial tumoursA.L. Cu
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ABFig. 5.05 A Well differentiated s
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ABFig. 5.10 Squamous cell carcinoma
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Fig. 5.17 Low grade papillary carci
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5 cm in diameter. The term has been
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Melanocytic lesionsA.G. AyalaP. Tam
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Fig. 5.29 Lobular capillary haemang
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ABFig. 5.34 A Kaposi sarcoma of the
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LymphomasA. MarxDefinitionPrimary p
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ContributorsDr Lauri A. AALTONENRes
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Dr Kyu Rae KIMDepartment of Patholo
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Dr Thomas M. ULBRIGHT*Department of
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3.03.01 Dr D.M. Parkin03.02 WHO/NCH
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115. Ariel I, Sughayer M, Fellig Y,
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246. Birt AR, Hogg GR, Dube WJ (197
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374. Cardone G, Malventi M, Roffi M
Page 309 and 310:
502. Corti B, Carella R, Gabusi E,
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633. Donhuijsen K, Schmidt U, Richt
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768. Fischer J, Palmedo G, von Knob
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900. Goedert JJ, Cote TR, Virgo P,
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1028. Hartmann A, Dietmaier W, Hofs
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1162. Iezzoni JC, Fechner RE, Wong
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1293. Keetch DW, Catalona WJ (1995)
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1424. Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu
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1548. Lopez-Beltran A, Croghan GA,C
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1681. McLaughlin JK, Silverman DT,
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1816. Moudouni SM, En-Nia I, Rioux-
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1945. Ohori M, Wheeler TM, Kattan M
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2070. Phillips G, Kumari-Subaiya S,
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2199. Riou G, Barrois M, Prost S, T
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2327. Schmidt L, Junker K, Weirich
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2450. Smith G, Elton RA, Beynon LL,
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2572. Tamboli P, Mohsin SK, Hailema
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2693. van Echten J, Timmer A, van d
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2816. Wick MR, Berg LC, Hertz MI (1
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2937. Zhuang Z, Park WS, Pack S, Sc
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CCNB, 226CCND1, 105, 108CCND2, 226,
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JJuvenile type granulosa cell tumou
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Promoter methylation, 21Prostate sp
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