Japan – what can we learn? - Construction Labour Research

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The Expansion throughout Asia of the JapaneseConstruction IndustryKyoko Hirose1. IntroductionAfter World War Two, the reparation construction of the 1950s beganan expansion throughout Asia of the Japanese construction industry.Subsequently, starting in the late 1970s, Japanese manufacturing’srelocation to East Asia was at the root of acceleration of itsconstruction operations. With the exception of a short-term period ofinvestment in the Middle East, the Japanese construction industry’sdirect foreign investment in Asia has continued to hold primacy(Figure 1).However the Japanese construction industry’s overseas operationsdepend largely on the domestic economy. Also the proportion ofdirect foreign investment of the Japanese construction industry hasbeen only about 5% of the whole of industry (Figure 2).Hundred 億円 million yen18,00016,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,0000Figure 1 Change of received overseas orders (from 1955 to 2004)1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000Asiaアジア中Mideast東Africaアフリカ北NA米LAEU中南米欧州東E欧Europe大Oceania洋州Resource: overseas operations strategy of Japanese construction industry reportFigure 2A change of receive an order for overseas ratio100%80%60%40%20%Resource: overseasoperations strategy ofJapanese constructionindustry report0%197519771979198119831985198719891991199319951997199920012003海外foreign国 domestic 内year年度CLR NewsNo 2/200645
Today, domestic construction demand has declined as a result of thestructural changes by the Koizumi regime that have reduced publicworks. Lead by the major and semi-major construction companies, theconstruction industry has looked toward large-scale construction in theMiddle East, Eastern Europe and Asia to seek a way out of thequagmire. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport hasprepared reports concerning overseas construction operationsannually, from 2004 to 2006, setting up a research group on Asianinfrastructure in 2005.In this paper I wish to ascertain aspects related to the expansionthroughout Asia of the Japanese construction industry.Figure 3 Capital source in 2004International 国際金融機関Financial 0%institution 0%円借Loan 21% 21%無償5%Free aid 5%その他Others1% 1%自己資金Equity capitals73%73%Resource: OCAJI2. Breakdown of construction awardsIn terms of overseas orders for Japanese construction, the proportionof owned capital is the highest, followed by loan and free aid (Figure3). If we look at orders procured for construction according to theregion and country in Asia (as an average from 2001 to 2003), theJapanese construction industry has taken a number of the public andprivate sectors in NIEs, and local public sectors in ASEAN. Also inChina, Japanese construction companies have taken a serious numberof orders (Figure 4).CLR News No 2/200646
Page 1 and 2: No 2/2006Japan - what can we learn?
Page 3 and 4: separate nation states, local build
Page 6: "shortening of exploitation's horiz
Page 10 and 11: The Japanese construction industry
Page 12 and 13: time could be up to 50 or more hour
Page 14 and 15: The differences between sites in th
Page 16 and 17: most of its importance since then.
Page 18: But asked, who decides on the wages
Page 21 and 22: policy were Toyota, Nissan, Canon,
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2 C om position of Investm e
Page 25 and 26: 3.2 Investment sheetSecondary, the
Page 27 and 28: Maintenance and repairN ew construc
Page 29 and 30: period of continuous cut back of or
Page 31 and 32: enterprises, such as Nippon Steel C
Page 33 and 34: of architectural design, engineerin
Page 35 and 36: is constructed without blueprints.
Page 37 and 38: task over again bearing the cost of
Page 39 and 40: outsource every production function
Page 41 and 42: so that any significant changeover
Page 43 and 44: sixties or seventies who have retir
Page 45: Immigration law allows residential
Page 49 and 50: 1993. Then there was a decrease to
Page 51 and 52: Hundredmillion 億円yen1400012000
Page 53 and 54: workers belong to enterprise-based
Page 55 and 56: trans-enterprise or industrial nego
Page 57 and 58: Union (DENKI RENGO), Confederation
Page 59 and 60: unions on their part have advocated
Page 61 and 62: again. Industry specific federation
Page 63 and 64: consult, while involved with variou
Page 65 and 66: that unions can bring many positive
Page 67 and 68: Figure 1. The Image of the J-CorpCo
Page 69 and 70: References:OKAMOTO, Hideaki(1964) "
Page 71 and 72: Nr. 3. Stress in the European const
Page 73 and 74: We proudly present: a new publisher

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