The Evolution of HonorsSince 1922, when College President Frank Aydelotte first introducedit, Swarthmore’s Honors Program, based on the Oxford tutorialmodel and arguably the oldest such program in the country, has undergoneseveral revisions. The most recent was in 1996, after the numberof participants reached its lowest ebb at 10 percent of the studentbody.“Despite changes over the decades, the essence of the programremains the same,” affirmed Professor of English Literature and ProgramCoordinator Craig Williamson. Seminars still form the backboneof the program. Whether in classrooms, labs, or research contexts,students take responsibility for leading discussions“Honors students atSwarthmore need tohave an awful lot ofstamina, just to be ableto cover the tremendousamount of work. Theyhave to be dedicatedto learning—really drivenby curiosity for knowledgeand the wish to doresearch and to think.”—Cynthia Halpern, associateprofessor of political scienceand critiquing each other’s work. Dialogue flowsback and forth between students and faculty. Andthe program culminates in external examinationsadministered by invited scholars, who determinewhether a student receives honors, high honors, orhighest honors.In 1996, the number of required honors preparationswas set at four—three in the major and one inthe minor. The restructuring made the program moreaccessible and attractive to students and opened theway for the departments that had dropped out ofthe system to reenter. For these departments, relyingonly on 2-credit seminars had become inconsistentwith the breadth of the disciplinary preparationthey felt responsible to offer. The revised structureallows courses to be combined to create honorspreparations and welcomes in-depth research and honors theses, whichtypically demand an entire academic year of work.The structure also enables students to be examined in foreign studyand community-based projects, encourages interdisciplinary combinationsof majors and minors, and invites participation by the creativearts in the form of poetry portfolios, theater productions, musicalcompositions, and art exhibits. Every academic department of the College—includingall the sciences and engineering—now participates.The revision also includes a change in the grading policy. Underthe former system, students were not graded in honors seminars inorder to further the spirit of student-teacher collaboration in preparingfor the outside examiners. However, as students became increasinglyaware of the importance of grades for acceptance into graduateand professional schools, many were discouraged from enrolling. Since1996, Swarthmore professors award grades in the honors preparations,and the outside examiners confer honorifics. To ensure the pre-eminentrole of the Honors Program, “distinction in course” is no longerawarded by the College.“I think the camaraderie in the seminars was never largely sustainedby the lack of grades. Rather, that sense of camaraderie is builtby the sense of responsibility that we, as teachers, give to students,the respect we give them in terms of this dialogic model, and the reallove of learning and testing of ideas that goes on in the seminars,”Williamson says.This year, 130 external examiners came to campus to evaluate thework of 114 honors candidates, constituting 33 percent of the seniorclass. Ten received highest honors; 64, high honors; and 40, honors.“The outside examiners love our students and are very impressedwith them,” Williamson says. He adds that Swarthmore faculty membersrelish not only the opportunity to exchangenew ideas but also the chance to show the qualityof their students and the program.“For 84 years, the Honors Program has embodiedthe College’s commitment to the rigor, joy, and significanceof the finest liberal arts education,” saidPresident Alfred H. Bloom, “and the 1990s revisionhas had a dramatically positive effect in energizingand sustaining the program in a very differentworld. Grades have become necessary to ensure thatour students are not disadvantaged in graduate andprofessional school admission. The subject matter ofmany disciplines that could not be segmented into2-credit seminars is effectively accommodated, andresearch projects, theses, foreign study, communitybasedinitiatives, and the creative arts all havetaken their rightful place in the program.“Our graduates who have participated in this Honors Programinvariably count their experiences—particularly their interactions withthe external examiners—to be among the most formative experiencesof their lives, moments that reaffirm for a lifetime their confidence toset the highest standards for themselves and to chart their own intellectualpaths.”Assistant Professor of Politics Kenneth Kersch of Princeton, who for2 years has served as the outside examiner for Professor of PoliticalScience Carol Nackenoff’s Constitutional Law seminar, offers an outsideperspective: “The Swarthmore Honors Program in many ways resemblesthe Ph.D. qualifying exams we give to our students at Princeton. Iwrite both exams and orally examine both Swarthmore and my Ph.D.students at about the same time of year. The Swarthmore students areevery bit as good as my graduate students—a testament to both themand their teachers. I find that I am able to use the same pool of questionsfor both exams. I also enjoy the opportunity to spend time withmembers of the political science faculty at Swarthmore during myvisit—a very interesting and enjoyable group of people.”—C.B.D.icism. It was definitely not about grades.”Mainoo says that the frequent presentationsrequired in the honors seminars havebuilt up her self-confidence in oral performance,especially in French; writing weeklypapers has improved her writing; thetremendous amount of reading has helpedher learn to “skim” proficiently; and throughstudying in groups with her seminar mates,she has made new friends and learned newperspectives.Working out and running for fun withfriends helps relieve stress. She has been amember of the Swarthmore African StudentsAssociation, has participated in theChester Debate and the Chinatown Tutorial,and has worked for 11 hours a week in anumber of campus offices.CLASSES ARE OVER ON APRIL 28. In thedays preceding their honors exams, Fiedler,Graybill, Dandade, and Mainoo are quietlyconfident.Fiedler has a plan to ensure that he canreview everything by exam time. His mainchallenge is in preparing for Real Analysis.“I took the course in my sophomore year, soit’s the most distant,” he says. For math, he26: swarthmore college bulletin
hard for Postmodern Religious Thought.There are four of us, and we’ve pretty muchtaken over the religion seminar room. Thereare books and notes everywhere. It’s ratherfun in an intense kind of way.” She isfocused and not nervous.Dandade and his classmates practicewritten and oral exams with Assistant Professorof American Studies Kendall Johnson.He spends days in the library lookingat Theater History seminar papers that heand his classmates wrote in their junioryear. “One can only prepare so much forthese exams,” he says. “Our real preparationwas when we stayed up, pulling all-nightersto read and write seminar papers during thesemester.” All the hours of study in McCabetire him. “It’s the thought of being done in acouple of weeks that keeps me driven,” hesays.Mainoo participates in a group studysession with Professor Sharpe. “We spent 3hours throwing out possible exam questions.Not only did we resolve many issuesabout the exam, but we also resolved a lot ofbig-picture questions. It was exciting andinspiring.” Assistant Professor of PoliticalScience Jeffrey Murer, her European Politicsteacher, plans a similar study session for thenext day.Neal Dandade, rehearsing with Toby David ’06, says that his honors preparation TheZoo Story enabled him to explore the Sanford-Meisner technique, in which he hadbecome interested while studying independently.prefers to work alone rather than in a studygroup. “In terms of working with otherfolks, I’m not the honors poster student.Looking over old exams and reflecting onmy several years of experience in math, Ithink there will be a large element of luck.Lots of proofs require a ‘lightning bolt ofinspiration.’ Sometimes, the bolt comes,sometimes it doesn’t. How I do will dependa lot on how many lightning bolts comethrough.”In addition to studying for exams, Graybillis preparing to present her thesis, as astudent researcher representing the HumanitiesDivision, to the Board of Managers attheir upcoming dinner meeting this week.With three exams, she, too, has a plan.“Right now,” she says, “I’m studying prettyTHE WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS END, and the students’reports are varied. Fiedler’s economicsexam, Public Finance, has gone well. Themath exams—Real Analysis, MathematicalStatistics, and Modern Algebra—were moredifficult. “The stats exam probably went thebest of the three; I could do 70 to 80 percentof that one well but substantially lesson the algebra and the analysis. There weresome theorems in analysis that I had simplynever studied before. They had not come upin class, and I couldn’t find them in any ofmy textbooks. There was no time to panic,though, which was a good thing,” he says.He and his study group research and learnthe previously unknown material until theyare confident of being able to discuss it inthe upcoming orals.Graybill has sailed through her writtenexams. “I’m meeting my study group forlunch today, but I’m pretty much ready fororals. I think it’ll be OK,” she says. She ishappy with her thesis presentation to theBoard. “I was a little apprehensive becauseit’s very academic and filled with technicalbiblical issues, and suddenly, I had to turn itseptember 2006 : 27
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