feral <strong>feminisms</strong>Complicities, Connections, & Struggles:Critical Transnational Feminist Analysisof Settler Colonialismissue 4 . summer 2015On Assumptive Solidarities inComparative Settler ColonialismsDana M. OlwanIn an interview about the deepening connections between Palestinians and Indigenous peoplein the wake of the Idle No More movement, Stó:lō author and activist Lee Maracle has notedthat, although solidarities have existed for decades, this movement has “‘crystalized’ therelationship” even further (Ditmar 2013).Solidarity work between Indigenous people and Palestinians, while present for decadesand largely transformative in its goals and politics, has also struggled with some organizationaland structural difficulties that are worth exploring to discuss more carefully and honestly thepast and ongoing relationships of alliance and network building. As Palestinian organizingaround the Six Nations Lands Reclamation Struggles in 2006 reveals, mobilization efforts insupport of Indigenous people often function through the imperative of crisis and its logic ofmanagement (Krebs and Olwan 2012). Rather than creating long term, sustainable, andongoing relationships of solidarity, crisis management as short-term solidarity inhibitspossibilities for transformative solidarities. Similarly, efforts by pro-Palestinian student andactivist organizations to involve Indigenous people in pro-Palestinian work taking place onIndigenous lands often do not envision Indigenous activists as empowered decision-makerswithin such groups. Instead, Indigenous people and their struggles for self-determination andsovereignty are sometimes tokenized at the personal, organizational, structural, and systemiclevels.More alarmingly still, some pro-Palestinian groups also replicate the ways in whichsettler-colonial states use Indigenous people and their cultures to fulfill performativeacknowledgments of occupied lands and resources. This tokenism includes incidences whereIndigenous activists are invited to provide opening ceremonies for pro-Palestinian events thatsometimes do not integrate a critique and explicit challenge of Canadian and United Statessettler coloniality and thus normalize the violence of such states. This type of activism rendersinvisible what Dene scholar Glen Coulthard (2007) has described as the “profoundlyasymmetrical and non-reciprocal forms of recognition either imposed on or granted to[indigenous] people by the colonial-state and society” (6; emphasis in original). In other words,they repeat a settler-colonial logic that conceives of indigeneity in terms that are both familiarand nonthreatening and that serve to strengthen non-reciprocal and hierarchical colonialrelationships.Taken collectively, what do these disparate and truncated accounts of solidarity and itsdifficulties reveal? Furthermore, how do these narratives structure relationships betweenIndigenous and Palestinian people in Canada and beyond? To address these two questions, Iwill return briefly to the Palestinian message of solidarity in support of Idle No More. Althoughthis message performs the important political function of showcasing Palestinian support forIndigenous rights, it also recasts this particular Indigenous moment—which has its roots withinthe historical realities of land treaties, resource theft, and expropriation as they relate toCanadian state policies and practices—through the analytical lens of the Palestinian struggle. Asits authors write in response to the Canadian government’s record of support to the Israelistate:[Stephen] Harper [Canada’s Prime Minister] and his government’s expansive praise forIsraeli settler colonialism and apartheid is simply the other side of the same coin thatattacks Indigenous self determination and plans massive resource extraction on Indigenousland. (“Palestinians in Solidarity,” 2012)92
feral <strong>feminisms</strong>Complicities, Connections, & Struggles:Critical Transnational Feminist Analysisof Settler Colonialismissue 4 . summer 2015On Assumptive Solidarities inComparative Settler ColonialismsDana M. OlwanWhile this claim may be true, how does this analysis—which aims at expanding our critique ofsettler colonialism and recognizing its interconnected local and global manifestations—end upnarrowing its scope and minimizing its power? How does this lens end up emphasizingahistorical commonality and mutuality to the detriment of historicized differences anddistinctiveness? In this statement, we see how sometimes divergent Indigenous and Palestinianconcerns are distilled into singular, indistinguishable, and uniform sites of mutual struggle andresistance. In the genuine desire to find solidarity between and amongst our peoples, we oftenunconsciously disappear the particularities of one another’s histories. In this context, anoverreliance on assumptions of inherent relationality, mutuality, and connection lends credenceto what Zainab Amadahy refers to as the unwillingness and inability of the Palestiniansolidarity movement to “interrogate the complexities of settler colonialism on Turtle Island”(2013).A move away from interrogating such complicities is also evident in the image thataccompanied the Palestinian statement in support of Idle No More. In this figure, we see anactivist wearing a checkered Kuffieh who stands behind a fist that holds a gun and a feather—animage that is meant to couple Palestinian and Indigenous struggles in imaginative and politicalways. All are set against a backdrop of the Canadian flag. Here, the Canadian flag represents theCanadian state. Importantly, this image powerfully foregrounds the Idle No More movementsand reasserts Palestinian support with it. Here, both struggles are presented as one and thesame and both are tied together by imagery that points to the Canadian state's complicities inshaping the colonial and oppressive realities of both peoples. While the Canadian state iscertainly responsible for the legacies and conditions of coloniality under which Indigenouspeople live and die, is the Palestinian struggle shaped by the same realities or relationship tothis state? Asking this question does not deny the importance of this image or its message.Rather it seeks to point to the limits of a commensurate framework of solidarity thatinadvertently disappears differences between oppressed and colonized.2. Poster accompanying Palestinian statement of solidarity withIdle No More. Designed by Guevara De La Serna.93
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