Nuclear Technology Review 2011 - IAEA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A. POWER APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A.1. <strong>Nuclear</strong> power today. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A.2. Projected growth for nuclear power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 A.3. Fuel cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 A.3.1. Uranium resources and production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 A.3.2. Conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication . . . . . . . . . 12 A.3.3. Back end of the fuel cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 A.3.4. Radioactive waste management and� decommissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 A.4. Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 B. ADVANCED FISSION AND FUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 B.1. Advanced fission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 B.1.1. Water cooled reactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 B.1.2. Fast neutron systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 B.1.3. Gas cooled reactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 B.1.4. INPRO and GIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 B.2. Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 C. ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 D. ACCELERATOR AND RESEARCH REACTOR� APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 D.1. Accelerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 D.2. Research Reactors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 E. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES IN FOOD� AND AGRICULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 E.1. Improving livestock productivity and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 E.2. Insect pest control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
E.3. Crop improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 E.4. Soil and water management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 E.4.1. New frontiers for assessing soil carbon sequestration� in farmlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 E.4.2. Use of oxygen isotopes of phosphate to trace� phosphorus sources and cycling in soils . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 F. HUMAN HEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 F.1. Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 F.2. Advances in radiation oncology applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 F.3. New developments in nuclear medicine technology� for cardiac studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 G. ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 G.1. <strong>Nuclear</strong> technology for early warning of marine harmful� algal blooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 G.2. Long lived radionuclides to understand environmental� processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 H. WATER RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 I. RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND RADIATION� TECHNOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 I.1. Radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 I.1.1. Molecular targeting agents for imaging� and therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 I.1.2. Security of supplies of molybdenum-99� and technetium-99m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 I.2. Radiation technology applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 I.2.1. Integrated radiotracer and computer simulation� approaches for sediment management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 I.2.2. Low energy electron beam (EB) accelerators . . . . . . . . 51 ANNEX I: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TECHNOLOGY� OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Page 2 and 3: NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2011
Page 4 and 5: NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2011 INTE
Page 8: ANNEX II: ENHANCING FOOD SAFETY AND
Page 11 and 12: when, where and how they will build
Page 13 and 14: esearchers to date and study such l
Page 15 and 16: TABLE A-1. NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS I
Page 17 and 18: In some European countries, where r
Page 19 and 20: esults in increased electricity dem
Page 21 and 22: 2008, an increase of 133% on the 20
Page 23 and 24: Corporation (Rosatom) and placed un
Page 25 and 26: induction melter at the R7 plant in
Page 27 and 28: dismantling and removal of all inte
Page 29 and 30: B.1. Advanced fission 6 20 B. ADVAN
Page 31 and 32: Generation IV International Forum
Page 33 and 34: sustainable nuclear energy systems,
Page 35 and 36: 26 C. ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR DATA The m
Page 37 and 38: 28 FIG. C-3. LCLS X ray free electr
Page 39 and 40: Restoration Centre of the Museums o
Page 41 and 42: facilities, from HEU to LEU. In 200
Page 43 and 44: 34 E. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES IN FOOD
Page 45 and 46: FIG. E-1. Parasitoid females probin
Page 47 and 48: 38 Applying existing tools to chara
Page 49 and 50: spatial and temporal scales and, he
Page 51 and 52: F.1. Nutrition 42 F. HUMAN HEALTH S
Page 53 and 54: The scanning time is reduced to a f
Page 55 and 56: The demand from Member States for t
Page 57 and 58:
48 H. WATER RESOURCES 20 Studies us
Page 59 and 60:
I.1.2. Security of supplies of moly
Page 61 and 62:
FIG. I-2. Sketch of GPS integrated
Page 64 and 65:
Annex I RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE
Page 66 and 67:
Safety margins are used in order to
Page 68 and 69:
Fig. I-2. A linear accelerator comm
Page 70 and 71:
movements and triggers the treatmen
Page 72 and 73:
I-3.4. Introduction of advanced tec
Page 74 and 75:
isotope with a half-life of 5.27 ye
Page 76 and 77:
[I-11] BRADA, M., PIJLS-JOHANNESMA,
Page 78 and 79:
necessary. Such action can reduce t
Page 80 and 81:
elated to carbon dioxide uptake and
Page 82 and 83:
infancy. The development and applic
Page 84 and 85:
The limitations inherent in analyti
Page 86 and 87:
[II-19] RHODES, et al., Emerging Te
Page 88 and 89:
If most of the recharge is derived
Page 90 and 91:
FIG. III-2. Field work at a coastal
Page 92 and 93:
under semi-arid and arid conditions
Page 94 and 95:
FIG. III-3. Map of the Guaraní Aqu
Page 96 and 97:
colours) compared to the west side
Page 98 and 99:
FIG. III-6. Map showing the locatio
Page 100 and 101:
FIG. III-7. Oblique views of the ge
Page 102:
Atoms for Peace Atoms for Peace
show all

Nuclear Technology Review 2011 - IAEA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?