Water from Small Dams

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Plan and profile of a hillside dam.This cross profile of a hillside dam shows that the dam wall should be at least 100 cmhigher in the middle than the two ends that function as spillways. The two ends of thedam wall must be at least 100 cm higher than the level of the spillways.It is not essential to know the runoff volume of rainwater from the catchment for hillsidedams, because when the reservoir is filled with water, surplus water will simply spill overthe ends of the dam wall, which are the spillways, and continue its downhill course.24
Another very positive feature of hillside dams is that it is possible to start by constructinga relatively small dam for storing water from the first rainy season, and then enlarging itduring the following dry seasons. This can be done a number of times until the reservoirhas been significantly enlarged to the desired capacity as shown below.During the first dry season, it is possible toexcavate a shallow water reservoir and usethe excavated soil to build a low dam wall.Result after deepening the water reservoirand heightening the dam wall withexcavated soil from several dry seasons.The enlargement process of hillside dams can also be illustrated as above.Source: Water from ponds, pans and dams by Erik Nissen-Petersen, RELMA/Sida 2004.25
Page 1 and 2: Water from Small DamsA handbook for
Page 3 and 4: ContentsAcknowledgement ………
Page 5 and 6: AcknowledgmentsMuch gratitude is du
Page 7 and 8: TECHNICAL VOCABULARYASAL = Arid and
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1.Introduction to small dam
Page 11 and 12: Borrow pits, also called murram pit
Page 13 and 14: Rock catchment dams can either bebu
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2.Considerations before con
Page 17: It is difficult to estimate the wat
Page 21 and 22: If the answers to the questions lis
Page 23 and 24: 3.3 OwnershipValley dams are normal
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 4.Charco damsFarmers and ca
Page 27 and 28: Since there are no documented guide
Page 29 and 30: 4.4 ConstructionThe construction si
Page 31: Simple equipment for measuring leve
Page 35 and 36: For manual excavation, divide the a
Page 37 and 38: A hillside dam built by a tractorpl
Page 39 and 40: The rainwater runoff from the catch
Page 41 and 42: 6.4 Measurements to be taken of a d
Page 43 and 44: The sketch shows that a freeboard 1
Page 45: Homogeneous dam walls can be built
Page 48 and 49: 6.8 Bill of Quantities (BQ) and cos
Page 50 and 51: The table below shows all the tools
Page 52 and 53: 6.9 An example of a complete design
Page 54 and 55: It is a good idea to have an experi
Page 56 and 57: Water drawn directly from a dam res
Page 58 and 59: Usually, soil for building the side
Page 60 and 61: The usual types of pit latrines wit
Page 62 and 63: Silt traps made of vegetation plant
Page 64 and 65: 9.2 Washed-out dam wallsThere are s
Page 66: ReferencesBrown, L.N. 1965. Small e

Water from Small Dams

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