Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment

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8 Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment Table 7: Assumptions and data for estimating the content of rare earths (incl. indium and gallium) in the LED background illumination of LCD screens. Mean number of white LEDs per device Notebooks 50 Monitors 100 Televisions 150 Luminescent substance: Weight per LED [�g] Semiconductor chip Weight per LED [�g] Y Eu Ce Tb Gd In 3 Ga 32.0 0.6 2.0 0.0 32.5 29.0 32.5 Table 8: Estimated mean weights of rare earth metals (incl. indium and gallium) in LCD displays with CCFL background illumination Yttrium [mg] Europium [mg] Ceriu m [mg] Terbium [mg] Gadolinium [mg] Indium 1 [mg] Gallium [mg] Notebooks 1.6 0.03 0.1 0.0 0.75 1.5 1.6 Monitors 3.2 0.06 0.2 0.0 1.50 2.9 3.3 Televisions 4.9 0.09 0.3 0.0 2.30 4.4 4.9 In addition to the rare earths in background illumination, some devices also contain permanent magnets based on rare earths (see Section 3.4). Loudspeakers in television sets are the main application of these. However, there is no available data on the frequency with which rare earth magnets are used in televisions nor on their unit weight, so these have been disregarded in this study. 2.3 Precious metals Flat screens contain one or more printed circuit boards equipped with electronic components and connectors. Important amounts of precious metals are contained both in the components and connectors as well as in the solder. Table 9: Weight and concentration of precious metals in PCBs in flat screens PCB from an LCD monitor PCB from an LCD television Weight per unit [g] 3 only part of the LED background illumination Ag [mg/kg] Au [mg/kg] Pd [mg/kg] Source of data 400 1,300 490 99 2,300 250 60 19 FEM & IUTA 2011, Huismann et al. 2007 FEM & IUTA 2011, 2007
Recycling critical raw materials from waste electronic equipment The data in Table 9 can be used to estimate the total quantity in the PCBs of a notebook: Table 10: Quantities of precious metals in the PCBs of flat screens Ag [mg] Au [mg] Pd [mg] PCB from an LCD monitor 520 196 40 PCB from an LCD television 575 138 44 2.4 Summary of critical metals in flat screens The results of the analyses in Sections 2.1 to 2.3 are shown in Table 12 and Table 13. It should be noted that these values are provided as an indication and cannot be applied to specific models or sizes. Many of the values have been derived from measurements on waste appliances. Differences may result due to modifications in product design in newer generations of devices which could not be included in these data because they are often covered by trade secrets or have not yet been calculated using aggregated data for an average product. Table 11 summarizes the quantities used for projecting the quantitative data on the PC and TV displays sold in Germany in 2010. The data on the relevant sales figures given in Section 2.5 are taken as a basis for extrapolating the quantitative data on the devices sold on the German market in 2010. Although these also include PC monitors with electron tube screens (CRT screens), their market share can, however, be considered negligible in the overall result. A value of 30% has been taken for the market share of TV sets and PC monitors with LED background illumination sold in 2010 (Young 2011). The concentrations of rare earth metals and of gallium and indium in LCD devices with LED background illumination are based on the data in Table 8. This makes the assumption that an average LCD monitor contains 100 white LEDs and an LCD television 150 white LEDs in the background illumination (see Young 2011). Data from LCD televisions has been used as a basis for calculating the additional potential of PDP television sets. 9
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