A Grammar of Mombo Songho Dialect

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note: This is a draft that includes several chapters of a Mombo grammar I’m currently working on.Some of those are largely in progress and need further editing. This draft is for publication onwebsite www.dogonlanguages.org. It will be updated as further additions and amendments will beintroduced.Acknowledgements:The work on Mombo in 2008-2012 was supported by NSF grant BCS-0853364, a grant MPI-EVA(Leipzig) a grant from Russian foundation for Humanities 10-04-00215, German Scientificfoundation (under project B7 of SFB 632 in Humboldt University of Berlin).I’d like to thank Prof. Jeffrey Heath and my colleagues and friends from Dogon project LauraMcPherson, Abbie Hantgan and Steve Moran with whom I discussed different issues of Momboand whose comments and suggestions helped me a lot.ii
Contents3.2.2 Metrical structure of bisyllabic stems with intervocalic consonantal clusters 23.7.2 Grammatical tone patterns and syllabic structure of verbs 54 NOMINAL, PRONOMINAL, AND ADJECTIVAL MORPHOLOGY 134.1 NOUNS 134.1.1 Simple nouns 134.1.1.1 Plural marker gé/ ŋgé 134.1.1.2 Associative plural marker yà: 234.1.2 ‘Woman’, ‘child’, ‘person’, ‘thing’ 244.1.3 ‘So-and-so’ 254.1.4 Initial Cv reduplication in nouns 254.1.5 Final reduplications in nouns and adjectives 264.1.6 Nouns with full-stem iteration 264.1.7 Frozen initial a or aN in nouns 274.1.8 Frozen final -ŋgO/ ŋge/ gO/ ge in inanimate nouns 284.2 DERIVED NOMINALS 294.2.1 Characteristic derivatives in ŋgà and ga 294.2.2 Abstract nouns, ‘state of being an X’, ‘X-hood’ 324.2.3 Verbal Nouns 334.2.4 Effector nominals 354.2.5 Other deverbal nouns 364.2.6 Uncompounded agentives 364.2.7 Expressive iteration 374.3 PRONOUNS 374.3.1 Basic personal pronouns 374.3.2 Personal pronouns as complements of adpositions 414.4 DEMONSTRATIVES 424.4.1 Definite morphemes 424.4.1.1 nɛ̂ : ‘this/that’ 434.4.1.2 Anaphoric/logophoric demonstrative pronouns 444.4.1.3 Discourse-definite use of 3SG possessor marker -na 444.4.2 Demonstrative adverbs 444.4.2.1 Locative adverbs 444.4.2.2 Emphatic and Approximinative modifiers of adverbs 474.4.3 Presentatives (‘here’s !’) 474.5 ADJECTIVES 484.5.1 Syntactic features 484.5.2 Predicative use 494.5.3 Qualitative verbs 50iii
Page 1: A Grammar of MomboSongho DialectDog
Page 5 and 6: 6.3.3.1 Adjective sequences 1036.3.
Page 7 and 8: 10.2.3.2 Experiential Negative -té
Page 9 and 10: 13.1.7 Focalization of postposition
Page 11 and 12: (xx2)bɛĺíhókkòanimal pen‘ani
Page 13 and 14: To argue that the distinction betwe
Page 15: experiential perfect + + e/ɛVN in
Page 21 and 22: kállè ‘get ready’kíllɛ̀
Page 23 and 24: marker is attached.(2) PL Marker:(1
Page 25 and 26: What patterns (xx6b), (xx7a) and (x
Page 27 and 28: In (xx17), {H} stretching plural d
Page 29 and 30: ‘bat (mammal)’ kìjì-kíjí k
Page 31 and 32: Note, however, that ńdá-gé has {
Page 33 and 34: are nouns, when elicited, receive g
Page 35 and 36: 4.2.5 Final reduplications in nouns
Page 37 and 38: formation pattern. Two clear cases
Page 39 and 40: ánákájì ‘bravery’ ánákáj
Page 41 and 42: jó:ⁿ ‘fight jó:ŋgà ‘scrap
Page 43 and 44: níwí ‘plant seeds’ níwí-ŋg
Page 45 and 46: nɔńɛ́ ‘write’ (nɔǹì) nɔ
Page 47 and 48: By contrast, when a non-subject foc
Page 49 and 50: Basic personal pronouns are given i
Page 51 and 52: See § 8.xxx for details.4.5 Demons
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4.5.1.2 Anaphoric/logophoric demons
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2 ìnjɛ̀-ndó bó:.dog-withbe3 í
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4.6 AdjectivesAdjectives are not di
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If an ordinary high-toned imperfect
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II.b. final nasalizationkóló ‘w
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írí-bírìólé-ólèúlú-úlù
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goat.L other‘another goat’(xx.b
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a. ‘hundred’ sìŋgì ndó pɛ
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6 Noun Phrase structure6.1 Organiza
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(xx3) ɔńdɔ́ yɛ̀: gún-yé sé
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The similar problems in their appli
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‘I’ll take all that lie over th
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goat.L‘this goat’this(xx2) ùn
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A similar analysis can be applied t
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A fuller discussion on the definite
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(xx4) ámárù bámbúlàA. hat‘A
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‘(a) cluster of (fruits of) wild
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6.2.1.2 {HL} nouns in the possessor
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(xx1) dèbù nɛ́:ŋgúlùhouse.L
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‘Amadou’s sheep’IV. Partitive
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The list of such nouns is not confi
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The short stems, as they defined ab
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-mb- follow the pattern of the shor
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friend.L new P.3SG(xx3) *nòlò-nà
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(xx3) nòlò kùnjù yɛńàfriend.
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One can conclude from examples (xx1
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The question remains whether these
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‘His/ her (way of) slaughtering g
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6.3.3.1 Adjective sequencesIf a nou
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(xx3) dèbù wɛ̀rɛ̀dɛ̀ bây
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(xxx) dèbù kó:ló léngé-léng
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‘three women’ (lex. yɔ́:-gè
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possessed noun marking > marking be
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‘Every man wants to have a son’
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normally ‘all’ (universal quant
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7 Coordination7.1 NP coordination7.
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(xx2b) * mí: ńdô: Séydù ńdô:
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The construction with má: can be u
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Here Mombo follows a pattern attest
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A regular derivation pattern in Mom
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kú:yɛ́-lɛ̀ ‘reappear, come b
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(xx1)I. the deriving stem is unboun
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The reversive verbs have the whole
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‘put (a) stick on some one else's
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jábé ‘be on vertical surface’
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[+ATR] péndé ‘(a stick) break
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inchoative). This option is not ava
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This means that one cannot predict
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wɛǵú-lɛ̀wɛǵú-lá-mì‘pull
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kóndómìdúŋgú kɔŕɔḿimúnd
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Probably here we deal with divergen
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kóŋgólè‘collect (last bit of
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as ‘soak’ (xx1) while -ga allow
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(xx4) Semantic development from Cau
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9.5 Inchoative -yV/-yV:Suffix -yV/-
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-ATR jɛ́ŋgɛ́ ‘be bent’ jɛ
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íyá ‘lie’ bí:-yè ‘lie dow
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mɔḿbɔ̀ ‘stand in with sb’
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wílyê:wízílyê:yígídyê:‘(s
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9.6 Ambi-valent verbs without suffi
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ságù ‘confidence, trust’ ság
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10 Verbal inflection10.1 Inflection
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certain point in the past, which th
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can be used most conveniently to de
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These two paradigms show two differ
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Monosyllables also vary in terms of
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10.1.3.2/xxx/ ‘see’Verb mályê
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structureexample glossVCV égé ‘
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(xx6) Bisyllabic stems: correlation
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kó: nà sáyélèkó: nà yúgúj
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yígídyê:‘(sth) vibrate, be sha
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10.2.1.2Perfective-1a -xxx-, Perfec
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The experiential perfect is formed
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The unmarked (most common) Imperfec
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Formation of the series 3 prospecti
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If followed by a suffix as -yV (ser
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in other paradigms the series 4 for
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ǹkè:gyó-mì ǹkè:gyòmí…Tona
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sample glosses ‘be leaning (on st
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paradigm of bE- with subject-pronom
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‘She/They had seen me.’‘He ha
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gloss IMP PERF HORTslaughter sɛḿ
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There is often a phonologically dis
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is morphophonologically complex, gi
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11 VP and predicate structure11.1 R
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??? Ámárù mǐ:wⁿ yá:gù mály
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Interestingly, even verb dwɛ́: 'd
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11.1.4 Sole argument agentive (uner
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In the following verb égé 'come'
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additionally specified by the modif
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lion humter-OBL 1kill.PFV.3SG‘(a)
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(xx3)wálé káná: ń-sâ:work do.
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11.1.12 Fixed subject-verb combinat
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The other less frequently found pat
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tàgù tágé ‘say sth false’ C
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The second case is much more proble
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(xx1)ɛ́: éjé=là3SG Dogon-it.is
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3SG=OBL‘it was him’1be.3SG=PAST
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‘There are 3 sheep’It’s much
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does not allow aspect-negation morp
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‘put (in/on)’ verb, or an irreg
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mealP.2SG-part little.bit 1 1SG-sta
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Series 3(xx1) Non-subject focus, qu
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ínjɛ̀ ní:wɛ́-nɛ́ síyá-nà
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Adding the OBL marker to the constr
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Séydù débú-gèS [house-PL].HL(x
Page 265 and 266:
Defective stative quasi-verb, argua
Page 267 and 268:
The iteration may be uninflected (b
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Direct objects (P and T arguments)
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(28) Truth-value focusA: yɔ̀: bâ
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less topicalmore topicalTAM and tru
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ínjè àmàlà tɛńdí-yàmálá-
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áyérû:ⁿ wô: yɔĺá: ḿbíy
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13.2.2‘Who?’ (xxx)In this and o
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used with Locative postposition or
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such a construction may also be use
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A Grammar of Mombo Songho Dialect

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