MILK PRODUCTION

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544 MILK PRODUCTION the intermediates of energy metabolism, have also been documented in newborn cattle calves post birth (Chand et al, 1979). However, the changes that may occur in buffalo neonates on account of its poor survivability after birth continues to be the focal point of physiological investigations. The altered energy requirements post birth both in terms of thermolysis and thermo genesis have got many correlates, which need to be put to order in this species. This investigation was an attempt to bring out the chronological changes in energy substrates in response to delayed colostrum intake in buffalo calves post birth in winter season. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen buffalo calves born during winter season irrespective of their time of birth with no evidence of health disorder were included in this study. Immediately after birth, these calves were removed from dams and were housed in a shed open from one side where they were allowed to move freely. The maximum temperature in the shed averaged 19.2±1.13°C while the minimum was 7.4±1.05°C. The relative humidity ranged between 50-90% during the entire period of study. The fetal fluid adhering to the body surface of the calves after birth was quickly dried with towels. These calves were assigned to first blood collection with in an hour of their birth by venipuncture from the jugular vein posing minimum disturbance to them. The blood was drawn into heparinised and nonheparinised vacuum tubes. Subsequently, the blood was collected at 2, 4, 8 and 24h. The calves received the first colostrum 8h after birth. The next feeding was done 12h after the first one. After this, the calves were fed colostrum twice a day for next four days and were subsequently shifted to milk feeding as per normal practice. The blood samples were also drawn on day 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 post birth once a day prior to a.m feeding. Nonheparinised samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for 20 min for clot formation. Serum was separated by centrifuging the samples at 3000 rpm for 20 min and stored at 4°C till the estimation of alkaline phosphatase. The heparinised blood was deproteinised using different deproteinising agents for analyzing different energy substrates viz 5% ZnSO4 and 4.5% Ba(OH)2 for the estimation of glucose and lactic acid; 10% ZnSO4 and 0.5N NaOH for fructose; 10% TCA for pyruvic acid immediately after blood collection. The filtrates were stored at 4°C until analysis, which was carried out with in 8h of collection of blood. The data was statistically analyzed for means and S.E. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to study changes on day 1 between different hours by the calves. ANOVA was also applied to the data obtained till day 90 post birth. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Glucose High levels of glucose (85.33±10.30 mg %) were found at birth (sample collected with in 1h, Table 1) in buffalo calves despite the fact that these calves were not offered colostrum. These further registered a significant rise (P
MILK PRODUCTION The values obtained in this investigation for the period immediately after birth are in agreement with those reported by Daniels et al, 1974 for cattle calves. Others have reported comparatively lower values (Comline and Edwards, 1968; Young et al, 1970; Chand et al, 1979). In addition to enhanced glycogenolysis and colostrum intake other factors that also seemed to be involved in regulating glucose homeostasis in blood during this period included the enzyme phosphofructokinase, hormones viz cortisol and thyroxine and cold temperature. Phosphofructokinase is involved in preparatory phase of glycolysis and is a rate-limiting enzyme for promotion of glucose use in the cell. After birth due to ATP inhibition of phosphofructokinase (Underwood and Newsholme, 1965), the glucose catabolism is slowed down which results in an increase in peripheral glucose. Sano et al (1979) obtained a positive correlation between blood glucose and thyroxine. Massip (1980) found a positive linear correlation between glucose and cortisol. Therefore, carbohydrate metabolism and the pituitary-adrenal-cortical system played an important role during this period of adaptation. The post 8h increase in glucose in all the calves is attributed to colostrum feeding because of the conversion of lactose to glucose and its subsequent absorption from intestinal tract. Later on the levels of glucose tended to fluctuate nonsignificantly on different days (Tab 2). Relatively high levels of glucose during the entire period of study in these calves suggested an enhanced glucose exclusion from the tissues, an increase in use of NEFA and ketone bodies and action of Cori cycle which mobilizes glucose from the liver to peripheral circulation and returns lactate to liver for resynthesis of glucose (Bergman, 1971). Fructose Fructose registered maximum value at birth, the average being 37.90±3.50 mg%, which steadily and significantly decreased till 24h (Table 1;P
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MILK PRODUCTION relations with milk
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MILK PRODUCTION trained testers, fr
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MILK PRODUCTION Successively dyed w
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Abstract MILK PRODUCTION Studying t
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MILK PRODUCTION Table 1: Distributi
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MILK PRODUCTION Effect of herd size
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MILK PRODUCTION

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