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148 Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federalmonarchy in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters as well as those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. [nb 1] Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers (about 59%), mostly Flemish, and the French-speakers (about 41%), mostly Walloons, in addition to a small group ofGerman-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutchspeaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels- Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. [6] A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. [7] Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government. [8][9] Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, which used to cover a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states. The region was called Belgica in Latin because of the Roman province Gallia Belgicawhich covered more or less the same area. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, it was a prosperous centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, many battles between European powers were fought in the area of Belgium, causing it to be dubbed the "Battlefield of Europe," [10] a reputation strengthened by both World Wars. Upon its independence, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution [11][12] and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. [13] The second half of the 20th century was marked by the rise of contrasts between the Flemish and the Francophones fuelled by differences of language and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia. This continuing antagonism has caused farreaching reforms, changing the formerly unitary Belgian state into a federal state, and several governmental crises, the most recent, from 2007 to 2011, being the longest. Geography: Belgium shares borders with France (620 km), Germany (167 km), Luxembourg (148 km) and the Netherlands (450 km). Its total area, including surface water area, is 30,528 square kilometres; land area alone is 30,278 km 2 . [63] It lies between latitudes 49°30 and 51°30 N, and longitudes 2°33 and 6°24 E. Belgium has three main geographical regions: the coastal plain in the north-west and the central plateau both belong to the Anglo-Belgian Basin; the Ardennes uplands in the south-east are part of the Hercynian orogenic belt. The Paris Basin reaches a small fourth area at Belgium's southernmost tip, Belgian Lorraine. The coastal plain consists mainly of sand dunes and polders. Further inland lies a smooth, slowly rising landscape irrigated by numerous waterways, with fertile valleys and the northeastern sandy plain of the Campine (Kempen). The thickly forested hills and plateaux of the Ardennes are more rugged and rocky with caves and small gorges. Extending westward into France, this area is eastwardly connected to the Eifel in Germany by the High Fens plateau, on which the Signal de Botrange forms the country's highest point at 694 metres (2,277 ft). The climate is maritime temperate with significant precipitation in all seasons (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), like most of northwest Europe. [68] The average temperature is lowest in January at 3 °C (37.4 °F) and highest in July at 18 °C (64.4 °F). The average precipitation per month varies between 54 millimetres (2.1 in) for February or April, to 78 mm (3.1 in) for July. [69] Averages for the years 2000 to 2006 show daily temperature minimums of 7 °C (44.6 °F) and maximums of14 °C (57.2 °F) and monthly rainfall of 74 mm (2.9 in); these are about 1 °C and nearly 10 millimetres above last century's normal values, respectively. Phytogeographically, Belgium is shared between the Atlantic European and Central European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. [71] According to theWorld Wide Fund for Nature, the territory of Belgium belongs to the ecoregion of Atlantic mixed forests. [72] Because of its high population density, its location in the centre of Western Europe and inadequate political effort, Belgium faces serious environmental problems. A 2003 report suggested Belgian natural waters (rivers and groundwater) to have the lowest water quality of the 122 countries studied. [73] In the 2006 pilot Environmental Performance Index, Belgium scored 75.9% for overall environmental performance and was ranked lowest of the EU member countries, though it was only 39th of 133 countries. Wikipedia
149 Grand Orient of Belgium 26 th November 1959 Regular Grand Lodge of Belgium 5 th November 1979 Regular Grand Lodge of Belgium Regular Freemasonry in 149 ention Regular Grand Lodge of Belgium King Street two hundred sixty-five 1 030 Brussels Telephone: +32 (0) 2-218-46 16 Fax: +32 (0) 2-233 16 35 email: rglb@skynet.be RGL of Belgium, in the orient of Charleroi. Orient de Charleroi – Regular Grand Lodge of BELGIUM (RGLB) Founded in 1972 Session in French Link address http ://www.rglb.org/documents/rglb/provincie-henegouwen.xml?lang=nl The websites for all of Belgium Grand Lodges have a total blocked Copyright ------ :------ 54th Lodge to receive this Gavel 9th February 2008 Provincie of Henegouwen Lodge “L’Avenir et L’Espérance” N° 5, Founded in 1972 Session in French Namur The Travelling Gavel was presented to; W. Bro. Christian Alacoque, of the L’Avenir et L’Esperénce Lodge #5, RGL of Belgium, in the orient of Charleroi. From Lodge “Tommaso Brigandi” # 993 Or. Of Gallipoli under the Grande Oriente of Italia. Vénérable Maître W. Bro. Christian Alacoque Rue d’Ecosse, 43 1060 Brussels (Belgium) +32 2 539 07 20 Christian.alacoque@mail.be Passé Vénérable Maître Bruno MONACO Rue de la Chaussée, 15 – 6141 Forchies la-Marche (Belgium) +32 72 52 12 25 bmonaco@scarlet.be
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