Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests-0838581358.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

18 Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests A Treat/don't treat threshold Don't treat Treat 0 .5 1 Probability of disease B Pretest probability Posttest probability Positive test Don't treat Treat 0 .5 1 Probability of disease C Posttest probability Pretest probability Negative test Don't treat Treat 0 .5 1 Probability of disease Figure 1–10. Threshold approach applied to test ordering. If the contemplated test will not change patient management, the test should not be ordered. (See text for explanation.)
Basic Principles of Diagnostic Test Use and Interpretation 19 (1) Draw a decision tree showing the elements of the medical decision. (2) Assign probabilities to the various branches. (3) Assign values (utilities) to the outcomes. (4) Determine the expected utility (the product of probability and utility) of each branch. (5) Select the decision with the highest expected utility. Figure 1–11 shows a decision tree where the decision to be made is whether to treat without testing, perform a test and then treat based on the test result, or perform no tests and give no treatment. The clinician Figure 1–11. Generic tree for a clinical decision where the choices are (1) to treat the patient empirically, (2) to test and then treat if the test is positive, or (3) to withhold therapy. The square node is called a decision node, and the round nodes are called chance nodes. (p, pretest probability of disease; Sens, sensitivity; Spec, specificity.)
Page 2 and 3: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Ab Antib
Page 4 and 5: McGraw-Hill abc Copyright © 2001 b
Page 6 and 7: Associate Authors G. Thomas Evans,
Page 8 and 9: In this environment, students, hous
Page 10 and 11: 2 Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests
Page 30 and 31: This page intentionally left blank.
Page 48 and 49: This page intentionally left blank.
Page 52 and 53: Test /Range/Collection Physiologic
Page 76 and 77:
Test /Range/Collection Physiologic
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
This page intentionally left blank.
Page 196 and 197:
188 Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Test
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED). Drug Effecti
Page 202 and 203:
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED). Quinidine Sa
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Organism Specimen /Diagnostic Tests
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Sinusitis Organism Specimen /Diagno
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Cellulitis Organism Specimen /Diagn
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Test Indications Advantages BRAIN E
Page 256 and 257:
Test Indications Advantages NECK Ev
Page 258 and 259:
Test Indications Advantages THYROID
Page 260 and 261:
Test Indications Advantages CHEST E
Page 262 and 263:
Test Indications Advantages LUNG Ev
Page 264 and 265:
Test Indications Advantages BREAST
Page 266 and 267:
Test Indications Advantages ABDOMEN
Page 268 and 269:
Test Indications Advantages ABDOMEN
Page 270 and 271:
GI Upper GI study (UGI) $$ GI Enter
Page 272 and 273:
GI Hypaque enema $$ GI Esophageal r
Page 274 and 275:
GALL- BLADDER Ultrasound (US) $ GAL
Page 276 and 277:
Test Indications Advantages LIVER S
Page 278 and 279:
LIVER/ BILIARY TREE Percutaneous tr
Page 280 and 281:
Test Indications Advantages PANCREA
Page 282 and 283:
GENITO- URINARY Renal scan (radionu
Page 284 and 285:
Test Indications Advantages BONE Bo
Page 286 and 287:
MUSCULO- SKELETAL SYSTEM Magnetic r
Page 288 and 289:
AORTA AND ITS BRANCHES Magnetic res
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Normal Isotonic hyponatremia Serum
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Signs and symptoms Typical for PE A
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
TABLE 8-1. ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES:
Page 372 and 373:
TABLE 8-3. ANEMIA, MICROCYTIC: LABO
Page 374 and 375:
TABLE 8-4 (CONTINUED). Serum- Ascit
Page 376 and 377:
TABLE 8-5 (CONTINUED). Suspected Pr
Page 378 and 379:
TABLE 8-6 (CONTINUED). Opening CSF
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
TABLE 8-8 (CONTINUED). Test/Range/C
Page 384 and 385:
TABLE 8-8 (CONTINUED). Test/Range/C
Page 386 and 387:
TABLE 8-10. HEPATIC FUNCTION TESTS.
Page 388 and 389:
TABLE 8-11 (CONTINUED). Lipoprotein
Page 390 and 391:
TABLE 8-13. PLEURAL FLUID: PLEURAL
Page 392 and 393:
TABLE 8-14. PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC MET
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
TABLE 8-18. RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS
Page 398 and 399:
TABLE 8-19 (CONTINUED). Gram Type o
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
TABLE 8-23 (CONTINUED). PREGNANCY H
Page 404 and 405:
TABLE 8-24 (CONTINUED). Daily Speci
Page 406 and 407:
TABLE 8-26. VALVULAR HEART DISEASE:
Page 408 and 409:
TABLE 8-27. WHITE BLOOD CELLS: WHIT
Page 410 and 411:
TABLE 8-28 (CONTINUED). Not Indicat
Page 412 and 413:
404 Index Acetaminophen (cont.) tox
Page 414 and 415:
406 Index Agammaglobulinemia, prote
Page 416 and 417:
408 Index Amitriptyline therapeutic
Page 418 and 419:
410 Index Anti-insulin antibodies,
Page 420 and 421:
412 Index Arthropathy, neuropathic,
Page 422 and 423:
414 Index Bacteremia (cont.) perine
Page 424 and 425:
416 Index Biliary tract (cont.) obs
Page 426 and 427:
418 Index Brain abscess neighborhoo
Page 428 and 429:
420 Index Candida (cont.) test sele
Page 430 and 431:
422 Index Cervical cancer -fetoprot
Page 432 and 433:
424 Index Chronic obstructive airwa
Page 434 and 435:
426 Index Colitis (cont.) ulcerativ
Page 436 and 437:
428 Index Corynebacterium jeikeium,
Page 438 and 439:
430 Index D D antigen, Rh, testing
Page 440 and 441:
432 Index Digibind, digoxin monitor
Page 442 and 443:
434 Index Echinococcus multilocular
Page 444 and 445:
436 Index Enterobacteriaceae, test
Page 446 and 447:
438 Index Esophageal reflux study,
Page 448 and 449:
440 Index Fecal contamination, urin
Page 450 and 451:
442 Index Furosemide carbon dioxide
Page 452 and 453:
444 Index Glomerulonephritis (cont.
Page 454 and 455:
446 Index Haemophilus influenzae, t
Page 456 and 457:
448 Index Hemolytic anemia cold agg
Page 458 and 459:
450 Index Hepatotoxic drugs (cont.)
Page 460 and 461:
452 Index Hypercoagulability. See a
Page 462 and 463:
454 Index Hyponatremia (cont.) hype
Page 464 and 465:
456 Index Immunodiffusion in fungal
Page 466 and 467:
458 Index Intravascular hemolysis h
Page 468 and 469:
460 Index Kidney disease (cont.) 1
Page 470 and 471:
462 Index Left ventricular hypertro
Page 472 and 473:
464 Index Liver (cont.) cancer of (
Page 474 and 475:
466 Index Lymphadenopathy (cont.) m
Page 476 and 477:
468 Index Medial cutaneous nerve of
Page 478 and 479:
470 Index Mixed connective tissue d
Page 480 and 481:
472 Index Myeloma (cont.) IgG level
Page 482 and 483:
474 Index Neisseria meningitidis, t
Page 484 and 485:
476 Index Nucleic acid assay in muc
Page 486 and 487:
478 Index Paget’s disease (cont.)
Page 488 and 489:
480 Index Pericholecystic fluid, ul
Page 490 and 491:
482 Index Pneumonectomy, evaluation
Page 492 and 493:
484 Index Precordial leads, ECG, lo
Page 494 and 495:
486 Index Protoporphyria, free eryt
Page 496 and 497:
488 Index QRS complex (cont.) in in
Page 498 and 499:
490 Index Renal failure (cont.) cal
Page 500 and 501:
492 Index Rickets 1,25(OH) 2 -resis
Page 502 and 503:
494 Index Seafood, raw, cellulitis
Page 504 and 505:
496 Index Specimen identification,
Page 506 and 507:
498 Index Steroids (cont.) phosphor
Page 508 and 509:
500 Index Synovial fluid sampling i
Page 510 and 511:
502 Index Therapeutic drug monitori
Page 512 and 513:
504 Index Tourniquet, prolonged use
Page 514 and 515:
506 Index Tube feedings, serum osmo
Page 516 and 517:
508 Index Uterus (cont.) enlarged,
Page 518 and 519:
510 Index Vitamin B 6 deficiency (p
Page 520:
NOTES Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hil
show all

Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests-0838581358.pdf

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?