koinonia

#9 Mesopotamia
M
e d
i t
5 BC
Herod the great
Birth of Jesus
5 BC
0
0
augustus
5 AD
5 AD
10 AD
10 AD
roMe
15 AD
15 AD
20 AD
palesTine
Herod philip (northeast)
#9 Mesopotamia
Herod antipas (galilee, perea)
archelaus Ethnarch of Judea, Samaria and Idumea pontius pilate governor of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea
the life of christ
Jesus’ death, burial,
resurrection, p. 84b ascension Isaac and Jacob
Jesus visits temple
Jesus’ public ministry
20 AD
In Egypt, the Twelfth Dynasty, in the period known as
n his sixth and final will Herod designated Archelaus as
the Middle Kingdom, was a time of great prosperity Pyramids
were again being built, administrative and bureaucratic
king of Idumea, Judea, and Samaria; Antipas as ruler in
Galilee and Perea; and Philip as governor of the lands
structures were in place, and the arts and letters flourished;
northeast of the Sea of Galilee However, the Romans did not
indeed, this was the “classical” period of Egyptian literature
give Archelaus the title of king but rather “ethnarch” (meaning
“ruler of the nation”) Archelaus’s ten-year rule (4 BC – AD
were common
Commercial contacts with the Levant, especially with Byblos,
6) was brutal It is little wonder that when Mary, Joseph, and Nazareth: Church of the Annunciation Egyptian surrounded contact with by the hills Levant is reflected in the Story
the baby Jesus returned from Egypt, they avoided returning to rising above Nazareth of Sinuhe (ANET, 18 – 23), a tale of an Egyptian who fled from
A full-scale model of the excavated
Judea, for they heard that Archelaus was ruling in place of his
Egypt to
Galilee
the Levant
boat. This
He
multipurpose
boat could carry about 15 persons total.
first journeyed to Byblos but then
father (Matt 2:19 – 23) Instead, they proceeded to Galilee and
Gezer: standing stones from ca. 1600 BC — the time of the Israelite
sojourn in Egypt — possibly testifying to a covenant/treaty
settled in the village of Nazareth
Herod Antipas (4 BC – AD 39) ruled over both Galilee and
between local Canaanite tribes
Perea Each of these territories had a large number of Jews The
area north of the Sea of Galilee was higher in elevation and was
called Upper Galilee To the south, Lower Galilee was much
more open to outside influence, and its broad, spacious valleys
provided good land for growing grain crops
As Jesus was growing up, Antipas was constructing his
new capital at Sepphoris (3 BC – AD 10), which may have had
a population of 5,000 This city overlooked valuable farmland
114 | Historical Section: The Life of Christ
9780310318576_essential_atlas_cs5.indd 114
e r
tiberius
25 BC
25 BC
30 AD
30 AD
35 AD
35 AD
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0 100 km.
0 100 miles
Beer
60% The evenTs of genesis 14 and
Lahai Roi?
Land
Middle Bronze i (2200 – 2000 Bc)
0 10 km.
of
siTes in The souThern levanT
Seir 0 10 miles
D e s e r t o f P a r a n
Nile Delta: the fertile “land of Goshen,” where Israel
lived in northeast Egypt
Haran
Nineveh
Selected Early Bronze Age cities (3150–2200 B.C.)
Ebla
Middle Bronze I encampments
Historical To Hobah Section: The Patriarchs and the Egyptian Sojourn | 41
Asshur
Middle Bronze I burial grounds
Damascus
Invasion of Kedorlaomer and kings allied with him
Mari
p. 78b The Events of Genesis 14 and Middle Bronze I (2200-2000 B.C.) sites in Palestine
0 10 km.
Damascus
0 10 miles
Dan
Babylon
Nippur
Drehem
Umma
9780310318576_essential_atlas_cs5.indd 41
1/2/13 12:23 PM
0 100 km.
Lagash
0 100 miles
Ur
S e
a
City:
Sodom
Gomorrah
Admah
Zeboiim
Bela (Zoar)
Salem
Nile occurred, and death and destruction were
everywhere
When Abram returned to Canaan, he spent
most of his time in the Negev, with occasional
trips to the Hill Country of Judah and Ephraim
The patriarchs raised sheep and goats and grew
grain crops (see, e g , Gen 13:2, 5 – 7; 24:35; 26:12)
Wells provided water for their families and flocks,
though the control of these water sources was often
disputed Both Abraham and Isaac had conflicts
with the king of Gerar over wells located between
Gerar and Beersheba (Gen 21:25; 26:12 – 33)
The attempt of Abram and his clan to live
in the Bethel/Ai region (Gen 13) seems to have
been somewhat problematic, possibly because
there was not enough grazing land in the area
or because the Canaanites and Perizzites were
hostile (13:7) Lot, Abram’s nephew, chose to
leave the hill country and settle in Sodom, while
Abram remained where he was
The patriarchs visited many places in
Canaan On one of the mountains in the “region
of Moriah” — probably one of the mountains in
9780310318576_essential_atlas_cs5.indd 39
I
?
Ruler:
Bera
Birsha
Shinab
Shemeber
-----------
Melchizedek
City:
Goiim
Ellasar
Shinar
Elam
Ruler:
Tidal
Arioch
Amraphel
Kedorlaomer
Hebron
Megiddo
Bethel
Et-Tell
Salem
(Jerusalem) Kiriathaim
Arad
Bab edh-Dhra
Numeira
Bela
(Zoar)
Feifeh
Khanazir
Hazazon
Beer Resisim
Tamar
Numerous Middle Bronze I
(2200–2000 B.C.)
En Mishpat encampments
(Kadesh)
I T E S
Sea of
Kinnereth
Beth Yerah
Salt Sea
(Dead
Sea)
Ham
Jabbok
Arnon
To
El Paran
GOLAN
Karnaim
Ashtaroth
R.
Gorge
1/2/13 12:23 PM
Black Sea
isaaC and jaCob
p. 84b Isaac and Jacob 77%
(Dan)
Hamath
Qatna
Hazor
Carchemish
Aleppo
R.
Ebla
Mahanaim
Shechem
Route of Isaac’s wanderings
Route of Jacob’s wanderings
Caravan from Gilead
Route of Joseph to Egypt
Joppa
Tyre
Megiddo
Haran
Mari
A r a b i a n
D e s e r t
Sidon
Dothan
Shechem
Aphek
Bethel
Ai
Gezer
Salem
Timnah
Adullam
Gaza Kiriath Arba Mamre
(Hebron)
Gerar
Beersheba
v
Laish
(Dan)
Hazor
Sea of
Galilee
Ephrath
(Bethlehem)
E
Dead
Sea
M
O
d
Succoth
Penuel
Mahanaim
Bible Survey & Reference
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Carl G. Rasmussen
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Carl G. Rasmussen (PhD, Dropsie University) is professor emeritus at Bethel University in
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he served as dean of the Institute of Holy Land Studies in Jerusalem. He is the author and creator of the
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Caspian Sea
n e
r a
a n
tHe LI f e
of CH RIs t
I
G O
I M
M e d i t e r r
a n e a n S e a
Euphrates R.
Tigris R.
S H I N A R
E L A M
Persian Gulf
A M A L E K
Negev Highlands
A M O R I T E S
W. Farah
Valley of Siddim?
Mt. Seir
H O R
Jordan R.
I T E S
REPHAITES
Yarmuk R.
Z U Z I T E S
E M I T E S
Zered River
M e d i
M
t e r r a n
e d i
Joseph
e a n S e a
t e r r
Laish Damascus
e a n S
Red Sea
a n
to Egypt
To Egypt
e a
Amanus Mts.
Orontes
N e
Jacob Returns
g e
Jacob to Haran
PADDAN
ARAM
Balik R.
Habur R.
Jordan R.
W. Farah
D
e a
G i l
Arnon R.
Zered R.
Tigris R.
Euphrates R.
From Haran
Jabbok R.
To Haran
Contents
Persian
Geographical Section
1. Introduction to the Middle East as a Whole
2. The Geography of Israel and Jordan
3. The Geography of Egypt
4. The Geography of Syria and Lebanon
5. The Geography of Mesopotamia
Historical Section
6. The Pre-Patriarchal Period
7. The Patriarchs and the Egyptian Sojourn
8. Exodus and Conquest
9. Settlement in Canaan and the Time of the Judges
10. Transition to the Monarchy: Samuel and Saul
11. The United Monarchy: David and Solomon
12. The Divided Kingdom
13. Judah Alone
14. Exile and Return
15. The Arrival of the Greeks
16. The Maccabean Revolt and the Hasmonean
Dynasty
17. Early Roman Rule in Palestine
18. The Life of Christ
19. The Expansion of the Church in Palestine
20. The Journeys of Paul
21. The Seven Churches of Revelation
22. Jerusalem
Scripture Index
Subject Index
Historical Section: The Patriarchs and the Egyptian Sojourn | 39
80
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