Detail english 2015-11-12
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
85<br />
88<br />
95 95 95 5 96 975 975<br />
1997199819992000200<strong>12</strong>002200320042005<br />
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
40<br />
475<br />
50<br />
575<br />
60<br />
1997199819992000200<strong>12</strong>002200320042005<br />
8 9 Steelrecyclingrates<br />
10 Oldcarsareamajorsourceofscrapsteel<br />
<strong>11</strong> <strong>12</strong> CourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanCommuni<br />
ties Luxembourg(L)2009 DominiquePerrault<br />
Inconnectionwiththeextensontheoldsteel<br />
structureofthebuildingwastakendown<br />
cleanedandassembledagain <strong>11</strong> <strong>12</strong><br />
Substructure<br />
Thankstosteel’shighstrength<br />
(HSS)toweightratio steelcon<br />
structonrequireslessmaterial<br />
thantraditonaltechnooges<br />
andcontrbutestoreducnga<br />
bulding’senvironmental<br />
impact<br />
Byreplacingtraditonalbeams<br />
50KTofHSSliketheS460M<br />
steelgraderepresentsasav<br />
ingof14KTofCO 2 (roughly<br />
theannualemissionsof<br />
4000vehicles)<br />
Superstructure<br />
Edition<br />
featuring steel<br />
2009. With contributions from<br />
Andrea Bruno, Bollinger + Grohmann<br />
Ingenieure, Michael Davies,<br />
Markus Feldmann, Federico Mazzolani,<br />
Gerard O’Sullivan, Francis Rambert,<br />
Alexander Reichel, Llewellyn van Wyk.<br />
224 pages, with numerous drawings<br />
and photos. 23 × 29.7 cm.<br />
ISBN 978-3-920034-32-4<br />
Hardcover: € 65.– / £ 52.– / US$ 91.–<br />
+ postage/packing<br />
+ VAT, if applicable<br />
∂ Development series<br />
Inspiration and techniques of steel in construction<br />
The state of the art of steel in today’s<br />
architecture. Steel is a distinctly versatile<br />
building material whose powers<br />
lie in wide-span constructions in the<br />
fi eld of civil engineering as well as facade<br />
surfacing or of high-rise houses.<br />
Steel is very trendy. This can be seen not<br />
only with the growing number of skyscrapers<br />
in Asia; the material is also increasingly<br />
used in surface design. This publication<br />
about steel in construction is aimed at the<br />
promotion of steel as favoured construction<br />
and building material giving all necessary information<br />
to enable planners and decision<br />
makers to base their project conceptions<br />
and pre- design on steel solutions.<br />
24 Chapter2<br />
SteelandSustainablity 25<br />
43 45<br />
Thecurrentgenerationof“green”buldings Thesecondrelatesto“radicalsustainable hugestridesinitseffortstoachievesustain<br />
alreadyofferssignficantimprovementsover constructon” Radicalsustainableconstruc abledevelopment mperatives(fig8)<br />
conventonalbuildings inasmuchasthey tionhasfivemajorfeatures:<br />
consumelessenergy materialsandwater; ntegrationwithlocaleco systems Forexample theCanadiansteelindustryhas<br />
providedemonstrablyhealtherlvingand Closed loopmateralsystems achieved[13]:<br />
workingenvronments;andgreatlyenhance Maxmumuseofpassivedesignand Areduction ncarbondioxide(CO 2 )ems<br />
thequaltyofthebuiltenvironment nclud renewableenergy<br />
sionsofmorethan20%since1990<br />
ingtheneighbourhood However these Optimisedbuildinghydrologccycles and Emssionsofsulphurdioxide(SO 2 )reduced<br />
improvementsareofferedthroughtheuse Full mplementationofindoorenviron by77%since1990<br />
ofexstingmaterialsandproducts design mentalqualitymeasures [<strong>12</strong>] Emssionsofnitrogenoxides(NOX)<br />
approaches andconstructionmethods<br />
reducedby24%since1990<br />
Becauseofthisconventionalapproachto<br />
Polycyclcaromatichydrocarbons(PAH)<br />
designandconstruction itremainsdifficult Theroleofsteel n“radicalhigh emssionsreducedby74%since1993<br />
to ncorporatetrulyinnovativetechnologies performancegreenbuildings” Energye ficiencyimprovedby254%<br />
intocurrentconstructionpractice<br />
between1990and2001<br />
Twoschoolsofthoughtareemergingthat Gooddesignisfundamentaltosustainable Wastegoingtolandfillreducedby52%<br />
addressthschallenge<br />
constructon Decisionsmadeattheinitial between1994and2002<br />
designstagehavethegreatesteffectonthe<br />
Thefirstrelatestohigh performancegreen overallsustanabiltyofprojects Theissues Underthedrversofmassproduction qual<br />
buldings Thecharacteristicsofhigh per tobefacedbyradicalhgh performance itycontrolandcostreduction techncal<br />
formancegreenbuldings assuggestedby greenbuildngsfavourconstructionprod progresshasledtolargeenergysavingsand<br />
FujitaResearch[<strong>11</strong>]include: uctsandmethodsthatareflexible lightand tothesystematcuseofleanandclean<br />
Optimalenvironmentalandeconomic durable: tisherethatsteelemergesasa processesinsteelplants Asaresult energy<br />
performance<br />
materal drivenconstructionsystemcapable consumptionandCO 2 generationinthe<br />
Integratedprocesses innovativedesign ofachievingtheprerequsteperformance steelindustryhavedecreased Western<br />
andincreasedefficienciestosaveenergy standards Theadvantagesencouragingthe nationshavereducedtheirrelativeCO 2<br />
andresources<br />
useofsteelincludeitscost non combusti emissionsby50%overthepast30years so<br />
Satisfyng healthy productive quality bilty resstancetomould gases mldew thattoday dependingontheageofthe<br />
indoorspaces<br />
andtermitesanditsenvronmentalfriendli plantandotherfactors CO 2 emssions n<br />
Employingleanconstructionmethodolo ness<br />
EuropeandtheAmericasaverage15to2t<br />
giesandtoolstoimprovewastemanage<br />
foreachtonneofsteelproducedfromiron<br />
mentandreducetheenvironmental Construction samajorconsumerofmateri ore Furthermore inrespectofthosefigures<br />
impactofconstructonwaste alsandresourcesandthusit simperatve theeffectoffortyyearsofrecyclinghasto<br />
Increasngtheemphasis atR&Dstage of toreduce tsresourceconsumptonandto betaken ntoconsideration whencompar<br />
whole buildingdesign constructionand maximisematerialreuse Prudentuseofnat ingwithothermaterials Wateruseinsteel<br />
operationovertheentirelifecycle uralresourcesresultsinamoreefficient manufacturehasbeengreatlyreduced and<br />
Fullyintegratedapproach including industryandarestrctedusageofnatural inmostinstanceswaterisrecycledand<br />
teams processesandsystems materals Practcessuchasmaterialrecy reused<br />
Renewalengineeringmethods cling wastemnimisation localproduct<br />
Managementandbusinesspractces resourcng landdecontamination andmni Allsteelproductionhasahighrecycled<br />
Newstandards openbuldings advance misingconstruction anddemolition waste scrapsteelcontentandallsteelisrecyclable<br />
jointingandassemblytechniques process disposalmakesoundbusinesssenseand Steelisthemostwidelyrecycledmaterialin<br />
engineering<br />
encouragegoodconstructonhousekeep theworld:manysteelcomponentscanbe<br />
Materialsandsystems:newfunction ing Applicationoftheprinciplesoflean unboltedandevenreusedforfutureappli<br />
ntegratedbuildingcomponents durabil constructonandlife cycleanalyss includ catons Thepossiblityofreusingbuilding<br />
ty abiltytorepairandretrofitcompo inglifecyclecosts(p 32ff)areequally elementsmakessteelconstructoneven<br />
nents<br />
important Thesteel ndustryitself smakng moresustainablethanthealreadysignifi<br />
63 65<br />
cantcontrbutonoftoday ssimplematerial<br />
recycling Steelcanberepeatedlyrecycled<br />
becauseitdoesnotloseanyofitsinherent<br />
physicalpropertiesasaresultoftherecy<br />
clingprocess Italsohasvastlyreduced<br />
energyandmateralrequirementscom<br />
paredwithsteelmadebyrefiningironore:<br />
theenergysavedthroughrecyclngreduces<br />
theannualenergyconsumptionofthe<br />
industrybyabout75% whichisenoughto<br />
power18millonhomesforoneyear The<br />
steel ndustryhasbeenactivelyrecycling<br />
steelformorethan150years:recycledsteel<br />
provdes40%oftheworld'ssteelindustry<br />
ferrousresources Steelrecyclingratesvary<br />
byproductandgeographicalregon:about<br />
975%ofstructuralsteelbeamsandplates<br />
wererecycledin2004and2005 whlethe<br />
forrenforcementbarstherateisabout<br />
65% Structuralsteelsectionsgenerally<br />
containabout95%recycledsteel whereas<br />
flatrolledsteelcontainsabout30%reused<br />
materalduetothedifferentprocesses<br />
involved However untilnow globalsteel<br />
demandhasalwaysexceededmaximum<br />
recyclingcapacity sothatthereisstlla<br />
needtoproducenewsteelfromironore<br />
Theuseofsteelconstructioncomponents<br />
elementsandsystemsenhancesthesustain<br />
ablityofbuildingsintermsoftheseissues<br />
andtheeconomicandsocialperformance<br />
oftheprojectinitsphases fabricationof<br />
products design erection useandendof<br />
life Thefolowngsectionisintendedas<br />
aguidetoassstprojectmanagersand<br />
designerswhowshtoadoptsomeofthe<br />
abovepro recyclingmeasuresintother<br />
projects It sstructuredaroundthefive<br />
majorstructuralcomponentsofbuilding<br />
namely substructure superstructure roof<br />
assembly servcesandfinishes<br />
Constructionchalengesinsubstructuresfall<br />
intoboththeenvironmentalprotectionand<br />
economicgrowthsectorsastheindustry<br />
hassignifcantimpacts bothpositiveand<br />
negatve onthenaturalenvronment Effec<br />
tiveprotectionoftheenvironmentispossi<br />
blethroughcontrolingandminmisingthe<br />
impactsofconstructonacoustcs airborne<br />
andotherpollutants includingpotential<br />
damagetobodiversity Constructionste<br />
controlandmnimisationofenergycon<br />
sumpton awarenessofembodedenergy<br />
improvedeconomyofmateralstransport<br />
andareductioninwaterusagealsoimprove<br />
environmentalmanagementandconserva<br />
tion Tomeettheseobjectivesrequiresthe<br />
adoptionofconstructontechnologiesthat<br />
minimsetherequirementsforon sitework<br />
ingspace supportngmaterals and<br />
machineryandequipment especallythose<br />
whchburnfossilfuelsandgeneratenoise<br />
Theultimateenvironmentalobjectiveisto<br />
avoidleavnganunwantedlegacyforfuture<br />
generations Attheendofastructure s<br />
usefullife whenasiteiscleared founda<br />
tionsaregenerallyabandonedandleftto<br />
besomeoneelse slargeimmovableprob<br />
lem Steelfoundationslikesheetpiles steel<br />
pillarsortubescanbeextracted allowinga<br />
stetobereturnedtoitsoriginalcondtion<br />
Therecoveredsteelcanbereusedorrecy<br />
cled Duringinstallaton drvensteelpilesdo<br />
notproducespoilandrequrefarfewer<br />
vehclemovementstotakemateralo fste<br />
(figs <strong>11</strong>and<strong>12</strong>)<br />
Besidethefactthatsteelstructures being<br />
lighter generallyrequiresmallerfounda<br />
tions steelmayalsoreduceproject mpacts<br />
inotherways Steelconstructon because<br />
itcanbeprefabricatedtomeetthespecific<br />
requirementsofeverycomponentofthe<br />
project reducestheamountofworking<br />
spacerequiredon site Joints penetrations<br />
andholesarepre drilled reducingthe<br />
extentofworkon siteandtheamountof<br />
machineryrequired Wheretheconstructon<br />
methodreliesmanlyonboltedjoints nui<br />
sancenoisefromthesteisreduced Prefab<br />
ricatonalsofaclitatesjust in tmedelivery<br />
removngtheneedtostoreorstackvast<br />
quantitiesofconstructonmateralsandfur<br />
therreducingtheextentofthesiterequired<br />
forpreparatorywork Atypicallightsteel<br />
framedhousewthlightweightcladdng<br />
weghsapproxmately30t(excludingfoun<br />
dations) incomparisonto100tforabrick<br />
andblockworkhouse Thisdifferencehas<br />
alsoagreat mpactonsitetransportand<br />
logistics<br />
Thedemandsplacedonbuildingscan<br />
changeforahostofreasons perhaps<br />
Designing steel structures<br />
The basics of construction<br />
The 21st century paradigm –<br />
High Performance Green Buildings<br />
The economic benefi ts of steel<br />
in construction<br />
Steel products and fabrication<br />
www.detail.de/f-steel
Change language