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554 2015 ¥ 6 ∂ Sculptural Tower – Building with Recycled Plastic Waste Architect: Markus Heinsdorff, Munich 1 Cape Town’s popular Greenpoint Park, situated near the 2010 FIFA World Cup stadium, has recently been enhanced by a true attraction – a small tower that glistens in the sunlight. On closer inspection, the colourful enclosure of this structure can be seen to consist of gabions filled with plastic waste. The tower was erected by the Munich installation artist Markus Heinsdorff, who seeks to demonstrate here that even the waste material one finds lying around everywhere can be used to build simple yet well designed houses. In view of the fact that more than 100 million people in the world today are homeless and more than a billion live in inadequate dwellings, there is obviously a great need for housing of this kind. What is more, these figures are rapidly increasing as a result of climate change, environmental disasters, war and, not least, an enormous population increase in the less developed regions of the world. In a newspaper article in the “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, director of the prestigious Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, recently appealed to the architectural profession not to set its sights on the erection of high-tech tower blocks, but to pursue a concept of economic housing that is as climate-neutral as possible and that might be erected by the future occupants themselves¹. As a sustainable material for the construction, he recommends recycled waste. Building with refuse – something both sustainable and economically advantageous – is a theme with which Markus Heinsdorff has long been concerned. The experience gained from lightweight structures he has built earlier – including mobile pavilions for China and India and the highly regarded German-Chinese House at the Expo 2010 in Shanghai (see DETAIL 10/2010 and 1–2/2013) – as well as numerous stays in poorer regions of the world have led him to develop technically innovative and at the same time well designed low-cost structures, in particular for the many slums in South Africa. The Ocean Dome, inaugurated 2
∂ 2015 ¥ 6 Reports 555 1 Literature: Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, “Der funktionale Slum”, “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, 24.4.2015 1–5 “Ocean Dome”, Cape Town 3 4 last April, may be seen as a kind of prototype for these. There is really no lack of plastic refuse on the nearby beaches of Cape Town. For his installation, therefore, Heinsdorff used some 5,000 bottles, fishing nets, thousands of metres of fishing line and other plastic waste, piling this all in layers in 50 filigree-wire gabion baskets. A bolted truss construction serves as a load-bearing system that is relatively stable even in the event of earthquakes. The specially developed members of this structure consist of folded sheet steel, galvanized as a means of resistance against corrosion. Not the least fascinating aspect is the aesthetic appearance of what are otherwise unremarkable waste materials. Above all, as a result of their translucent properties, the view from the inside towards the light reveals various effects and a play of colours with which one would perhaps be familiar from the stained-glass windows of a church. This apparent contrast between otherwise worthless refuse and visual quality was important to the artist. With his installation, he wanted to draw attention on the one hand to the littering of the world’s oceans. At the same time, he wished to lend his housing a special significance through the distinct design, thereby avoiding the aura of poverty usually associated with slum building. Despite such shortcomings, Heinsdorff sees little works of art in many of the simple dwellings found in the slums of the world and constructed with bare essentials and the humblest of means. Their builders handle the modest, often recycled materials picked up nearby very creatively. What the structures lack, however, is effective thermal insulation. Where gabions are used for constructional purposes, insulation against hot and cold conditions could be provided by the building waste from structures destroyed in natural disasters instead of burning or burying this, as usually happens today to achieve a supposed sense of order. Heinsdorff also sees scope for finishing refuse-filled walls with loam rendering. In general, though, the houses should retain 5 their flexibility. In gabion construction, the filling material can be changed at any time, and the waste matter – depending on the means of the residents – subsequently replaced by traditional building materials such as loam, sand or stones from the surrounding area, without having to renew the basic structure or the roof. That also applies to the prototype being created at present in the architectural park in Boisbuchet, France. The basic framework of this 20 m 2 house weighs just 130 kg and is braced with thin steel wiring rather like the structure of an airship. In areas subject to flooding, this housing type could be assembled on platforms that can float on water if necessary. It could also be constructed using recycled PET bottles in gabions assembled beneath a boarded framework that serves as a foundation. Another aim is to minimize the construction period. It should be possible for two people to erect the basic structure – delivered as a kind of unit-construction kit – in just two days. A further two days are foreseen for filling the walls and assembling the roof. This structure could serve as a basic framework for the next project on which the Munich artist is working at present: refugee housing throughout the world created from the piles of packing material for relief supplies that arrive every day. Recycling can scarcely be more immediate. Christian Schittich
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Detail english 2015-11-12

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