Loddon Tracks and Trails Strategy - Loddon Shire Council

Loddon Tracks and Trails
Strategy
Draft Report
July 2009

Disclaimer
The information contained in this report is intended for the specific use of the within
named party to which it is addressed ("the communityvibe client") only. All
recommendations by communityvibe are based on information provided by or on behalf
of the communityvibe client and communityvibe has relied on such information being
correct at the time this report is prepared.
communityvibe shall take no responsibility for any loss or damage caused to the
communityvibe client or to any third party whether direct or consequential as a result of
or in any way arising from any unauthorised use of this report or any recommendations
contained within.
Prepared By
In cooperation with
70 Bull Street
BENDIGO VIC 3550
Ph: 03 5444 0015
E: kla@netcon.net.au
Authors: Report Date:
Wendy Holland July 2009
Karoline Klein
Shaun Quayle
communityvibe
5 Allison St
BENDIGO VIC 3550
Ph: 0438 433 555
E: wendy@communityvibe.com.au
www.communityvibe.org.au

Acknowledgements
communityvibe, Klein Landscape Architecture and Loddon Shire Council would like to
thank the following individuals for their contributions to the Loddon Tracks and Trails
Strategy:
NAME ORGANISATION
Allan Stobaus Loddon Shire Council
Tim Jenkyn Loddon Shire Council
Tony Bellenger Loddon Shire Council
Robyn Vella Loddon Shire Council
Jesse Sherwood Department of Planning and Community
Development
Jenny Dyer Department of Planning and Community
Paul Haw
Development
Nature Tourism Group, Boort
Jade Logie Parks Victoria, Inglewood
David Martin Parks Victoria, Inglewood
Leeza Axton Parks Victoria, Echuca
Sharon Thomas DSE, Bendigo
Amy Groch DSE, Bendigo
Graeme Oxlade DSE, Bendigo
Julie Wynd DSE, Bendigo
Mary Evans Inglewood DHS
Daryl Fish Inglewood Planned Activity Group
Rosalie Ball Inglewood Aged Care Hostel
Community members who attended
workshops
Boort, Inglewood and Tarnagulla

Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 1
2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Scope of the Strategy ......................................................................................... 7
2.3 Definitions .............................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Benefits of Tracks and Trails ........................................................................... 10
2.5 National and International Trends in Tracks and Trails ............................ 11
2.6 The Cost of Not Providing Tracks and Trails in a Community ................. 12
3.0 Local Context .......................................................................................................... 13
4.0 Our Community and Our Visitors ....................................................................... 15
4.1 Loddon Shire Profile .......................................................................................... 15
4.2 Future Demographic Projections .................................................................... 15
4.3 Potential Local Market ....................................................................................... 16
4.4 Potential Visitor Market .................................................................................... 17
4.5 Total Potential Market ....................................................................................... 18
4.6 Economic Benefits of Trails .............................................................................. 19
5.0 Vision and Principles ............................................................................................. 21
5.1 Our Vision ............................................................................................................ 21
5.2 Our Principles ...................................................................................................... 21
6.0 Tracks and Trails within the Loddon Shire Council ........................................ 22
6.1 Current Distribution of Tracks and Trails ..................................................... 22
6.2 Tracks and Trails in Surrounding Municipalities ......................................... 24
6.3 Current Trail Usage and Needs ....................................................................... 27
6.4 Demand for Tracks and Trails in Loddon Shire ........................................... 29
7.0 Planning and Design .............................................................................................. 31
7.1 Needs of Walkers ............................................................................................... 31
7.2 Needs of Cyclists ................................................................................................ 32
7.3 Needs of Horse Riders ...................................................................................... 33
7.4 Needs of Canoeists ............................................................................................ 34
7.5 Needs of Traditionally Disadvantaged Groups ............................................ 35
7.6 Potential Partners .............................................................................................. 36
7.7 Classifications of Tracks and Trails ................................................................ 37
7.7.1 Design of Shared Trails in Loddon Shire Council ................................ 38
8.0 Design Guidelines .................................................................................................. 41
8.1 Regulations and Standards .............................................................................. 41
8.2 Designing Quality, Well Used Trails ............................................................... 41
8.3 Location ................................................................................................................ 42
8.4 Connectivity ........................................................................................................ 42
8.5 Legibility ............................................................................................................... 42
8.6 Trail Surface ........................................................................................................ 43
8.7 Trail Width ........................................................................................................... 43
8.8 Amenities ............................................................................................................. 43
8.9 Accessibility ......................................................................................................... 44
8.10 Trail Maps .......................................................................................................... 44
8.11 Signage .............................................................................................................. 45

8.12 Trail Heads ........................................................................................................ 47
9.0 Management and Maintenance of Tracks and Trails ..................................... 48
9.1 Proposed Management Structures and Requirements .............................. 48
9.2 Proposed Maintenance Regime ....................................................................... 49
9.3 Maintenance Budget .......................................................................................... 51
9.4 Marketing ............................................................................................................. 51
9.5 Gaps and Opportunities .................................................................................... 53
10.0 Recommendations ............................................................................................... 55

1.0 Executive Summary
Loddon Shire offers enormous potential for outdoor activities such as walking, cycling,
canoeing, kayaking and horse riding. Situated in northern Victoria, the Shire
incorporates a range of different landscapes ranging from rocky granitic outcrops vast
stretches of forest and grasslands, peaceful meandering rivers and waterways through
to rural farmland vistas. Historically and culturally it features areas of significant
Aboriginal and importance and well preserved buildings from the Gold Rush era. A
variety of rare and threatened flora and fauna also exist, adding to the attraction of
natural areas within the Shire.
The local community, in partnership with the Loddon Shire Council and Parks Victoria
has been instrumental in developing and maintaining tracks and trails in and around
local towns for the benefit of both local residents and visitors to the area. In addition,
there is a good network of tracks and trails through State and national forests and parks
throughout the Shire, mostly designed for walking, but with an increasing demand from
mountain bikers.
The benefits of tracks and trails to a community are well documented. Socially, people
have the opportunity to interact with family and friends by participating in shared
activities. They also have the opportunity to develop networks with the local community
by becoming involved in management and maintenance activities, events, walking
programs, or simply by using trails and regularly meeting other trail users.
From a health perspective there is much to be gained from participating in physical
activities such as walking, cycling, canoeing, kayaking and horse riding. Regular
participation in physical activities reduces the risk of developing certain illnesses and
diseases such as cardio-vascular disease, obesity, type two diabetes and specific
cancers. It also helps to improve energy and concentration levels, confidence, selfesteem,
coordination and muscle tone. As Loddon Shire’s population is ageing, the
need for sport and recreation facilities that cater for all ages and all abilities will become
increasingly important as a medium to maintain health.
Economic benefits are also achievable through the development of tracks and trails.
There is likely to be an increase in demand for accommodation, food and supplies such
as bicycles, walking shoes, saddles, canoes, etc as a result of more people taking part in
activities suitable for trails. Additional employment and business opportunities may also
result, e.g. tour guiding, bed and breakfasts, cafes, etc. The availability of interesting
tracks and trails may also encourage visitors to stay for a longer period of time in the
Shire, as has been evidenced in other locations around the state.
From an environmental perspective, tracks and trails have the potential to encourage
trail users to develop a greater appreciation and understanding of local flora, fauna,
geography, history and culture through the use of interpretive initiatives. Furthermore,
the activities undertaken on trails, if appropriately managed, provide minimal impact on
the environment and offer a pollution free form of transport.
1

Whilst trail users have indicated that they enjoy:
• the natural views
• proximity to water
• peacefulness
• tranquility
• lack of traffic along tracks and trails in Loddon Shire
• opportunity to see flora and fauna;
there are some issues that need to be addressed to improve the tracks and trails
network.
The audit undertaken as part of the Strategy has identified examples of tracks and trails:
• established in isolation of other trails – thereby limiting opportunities for linkages,
connections and short self-contained loops
• that have obstacles across them such as locked gates – thereby limiting their
appeal and use
• with limited maintenance – thereby causing rapid deterioration of the track and
limited usage in the long term
• that have been developed without consulting with the relevant land or water
management authority – thereby potentially causing environmental damage
• that have been developed in towns without a compact surface – thereby making
them inaccessible to people with mobility issues
• that have either no name or a series of different names – thereby causing
confusion amongst potential trail users
• that lack any form of signage or maps – thereby making it very difficult for people
to identify where a track starts and ends and whether or not the user is still on the
correct trail
• state that they are accessible for people with disabilities when in fact they are not
– thereby potentially causing injury to trail users
• lack any form of supporting infrastructure such as seats, rest stops, picnic areas,
etc – thereby making the experience less attractive for potential trail users
• that do not provide interpretive signage – thereby limiting the experience of the
trail user and reducing opportunities to encourage greater appreciation of the
natural and cultural environments
As a result of the research undertaken in the development of this Strategy, a number of
gaps and opportunities have been identified in Loddon Shire’s current tracks and trails
network.
Gaps that have been identified include:
• Signage is currently inadequate on most trails. There needs to be a trail head
sign, directional signage and trail marker signage (signage that reassures you
that you are still on the right track) at a minimum on most trails (except for level 5
trails, and to a lesser extent on grade 4 trails).
• Consistent names of tracks need to be used on trails and on brochures. Some
tracks appear to have up to three names on brochures, but none on the ground.
2

Each trail should be named on brochures and on trail head signage to avoid
confusion by users
• Some areas designed for people with disabilities do not actually meet
regulations. Where access is provided for people of all abilities, it needs to meet
current DDA standards.
• Confusion regarding the correct route occurs on some trails as the route is not
clear. Trails need to be free of hazards and barriers such as locked gates, rocks
or branches across paths, etc.
• Maintenance levels vary from track to track. There needs to be a greater
emphasis on maintaining existing tracks to ensure that the asset is well used and
does not deteriorate unnecessarily.
• Connections and linkages between trails is limited, as are opportunities for
shorter self-contained loops
• Lack of trails in areas where people would expect to see or like to see trails.
Opportunities that have been identified include:
• To develop marketing materials so that both local residents and visitors to the
area are aware of existing trails and are encouraged to use them. Promotional
tools may include a link on or from Loddon Shire Council’s website with
downloadable maps and information, as well as hard copy brochures and a
number of other tools
• To improve people’s understanding and appreciation of the natural
environment and local history by providing interpretive information on trail head
signage and on promotional material such as brochures and website.
• To provide opportunities for increased physical activity participation by visitors
and motorists by instigating a “Stop and Walk” campaign, whereby every
recognised rest stop along highways becomes a trail head for a local walk, or at
least provides directional signage and information about local walks.
• To develop guided or self-guided packaged tours. These tours could
incorporate options such as public transport, accommodation, dining and
discounts to local attractions.
• To develop, facilitate or bid for walking, running, orienteering, mountain biking,
cycling, canoeing or horse riding events using existing or future trails. These
events could form part of a local festival or be an event in their own right, e.g.
World Orienteering Competition.
• To develop a local management committee to oversee the Strategy’s
implementation. It is recommended that the existing Loddon Shire Council
Nature Tourism Committee, which includes representatives from Loddon Shire,
nature based tourism groups and Parks Victoria, becomes the committee with
this delegated responsibility. The role of this committee is to ensure that all
relevant management bodies and organisations meet regularly to discuss issues
pertaining to tracks and trails, plan for future developments, implement the
recommendations contained within the Tracks and Trails Strategy and evaluate
the Strategy. The committee may establish sub-committees as required to
broaden its membership or to seek specialist advice. Additional groups may
include relevant local management organisations such as community planning
groups, Friends of Kooyoora, Department of Sustainability and Environment,
VicRoads, relevant water authorities, health organisations, schools, etc.
3

This Strategy therefore aims to identify existing tracks and trails within Loddon Shire and
provide ideas on improvements to these important community assets so that they are
well utilised by locals and visitors to the area and are managed and maintained to an
acceptable standard. It also attempts to identify new opportunities that are required in
order to ensure that residents in and visitors to each of the major towns has access to a
minimum level of tracks and trails infrastructure linking the town to key local attractions
or services. New opportunities have also been identified for a long distance iconic
trail, (Inglewood to Mt Kooyoora Trail) and the development of new canoe and
kayaking trails on the Loddon River and Serpentine Creek.
Recommendations have also been developed to:
• improve links between trails;
• improve connectivity of existing trails;
• improve trail design (through the development of specific guidelines);
• instigate a “Stop and Walk” program (aimed at encouraging motorists to stop and
walk in towns);
• identify potential events to encourage usage of tracks and trails;
• ensure interpretation opportunities are made available,
• improve marketing and promotion of tracks and trails,
• improve the coordination, management and planning of trails;
• provide appropriate maintenance schedules.
All recommendations have been made, bearing in mind Loddon Shire’s limited
resources; and will ultimately result in a much improved tracks and trails network that will
appeal to many existing and potential trail users. A comprehensive implementation plan
has been developed to assist with this process.
4

2.0 Introduction
Loddon Shire Council has commissioned a Tracks and Trails Strategy to help:
• identify and review existing tracks and trails located within Loddon Shire; and
• identify a clear direction for the Shire from 2008-2013 in terms of tracks and trails
provision, future development, management, maintenance and marketing.
Specific actions associated with the project are:
• review the audit of tracks and trails currently being undertaken by Council staff to
identify the current condition and standard of existing infrastructure.
• identify existing and future tracks in adjoining municipalities to ensure linkages
are created, e.g. the Great Dividing Trail and the Goldfields to Murray Trail
• consult widely with local communities to identify specific needs and to build their
capacity to be actively involved in the project, using a variety of consultation
methods
• provide Loddon Shire Council with advice on issues and needs which need to be
addressed in the provision of quality tracks and trails, e.g. management models,
ongoing maintenance, strategic planning and community involvement
• identify needs of specific population groups such as cyclists, recreational horse
riders, canoeists, older people, people with disabilities, women, young people
and other recreational groups in the provision of tracks and trails opportunities.
• identify synergies and potential shared opportunities between recreation /leisure,
tourism, economic development, health, community services and the
environment to ensure that relevant resources are shared and tracks and trails
development opportunities are enhanced.
• interpret and identify relevant themes i.e. landscape, heritage and culture.
5

2.1 Methodology
The methodology adopted for this Strategy is as follows:
Task Description
Literature Review A range of relevant literature was reviewed to assist with the
understanding of previous Council and stakeholder policy directions.
Development of
Planning Principles
and Definitions
Trends Analysis and
Identification of Best
Practice in relation to
Tracks and Trails
Review of Visitor
Information Statistics
and Local Participation
Statistics
Review Audit and
Develop Maps of
Existing Tracks and
Trails
Detail and map other
tracks and trails in
adjoining
municipalities
Key Stakeholder
Interviews
Hard Copy and
Electronic Surveys of
potential Tracks and
Trails users
This component of the report identified planning principles to guide
future decision making about tracks and trails in the future and clearly
defined what tracks and trails are.
Specific trends and best practice issues relevant to tracks and trails
(e.g. management options, marketing opportunities, surface types,
development of loops, etc) were researched as part of the project,
using resources available from organisations such as Bicycle Victoria,
Rail Trails, tourism bodies, Parks and Leisure Australia, World Leisure,
etc.
A review of visitor information statistics was undertaken to identify
visitor characteristics for Loddon Shire and the potential market for
cycling / walking. ERASS statistics and local information were also
analysed to identify the local market and its characteristics.
A template was developed to assist Council staff to carry out an audit
of all existing tracks and trails. The results of the audit were then
analysed to gain an understanding of the current condition of trails and
associated issues. All tracks and trails were then physically assessed
by the project team via a combination of vehicle, foot and bicycle to
examine any specific issues identified through the audit in more detail.
Maps were produced outlining the position of all existing and proposed
tracks and trails in the municipality.
Discussions were held with neighbouring municipalities to determine
the location of existing and proposed tracks and trails. These tracks
and trails were mapped and potential linkages identified with Loddon’s
tracks and trails network.
Meetings were held with key stakeholders on an individual or small
group basis to discuss issues and opportunities related to the use,
development, marketing and management models of Tracks and
Trails. A list of key stakeholders is included within the report.
A short survey was distributed throughout key organisations and
community hubs in Loddon Shire (e.g. swimming pools, schools, etc)
to determine needs of both existing and potential users of tracks and
trail (both residents and visitors). This survey was also available on
line for people to complete
Written Submissions A written submission form was made available on the Loddon Shire
Council’s website to allow local residents to provide feedback on their
specific needs in relation to tracks and trails. Hard copy submission
forms were also available at Council’s service centres for comment.
Community
Workshops
Four community workshops were held to identify the needs of local
communities in relation to tracks and trails. These workshops were
6

Task Description
held in Wedderburn, Boort, Pyramid Hill and Inglewood.
Identification of
potential funding
options
A review of grants, trusts and private industry was undertaken to
identify potential sources of funding for tracks and trails in the future.
Design Guidelines A series of design guidelines were prepared for Loddon Shire Council
to assist with future design and upgrades of tracks and trails, using
industry standards, best practice ideas and considering local needs
and capacities. The design guidelines incorporate surfaces, widths,
associated infrastructure, signage, etc.
Maintenance schedule In partnership with Council’s parks and gardens staff, a maintenance
schedule was developed to ensure that tracks and trails are regularly
maintained and so that a budgetary amount is set aside each year for
maintenance, repairs and upgrades.
Marketing Strategy An assessment of existing and potential tracks and trails was
undertaken to identify specific themes, e.g. landscape, heritage,
culture, food and wine, nature, etc. This formed part of the marketing
strategy. The marketing strategy also determined the most suitable
format and outlets in which to promote tracks and trails throughout the
municipality.
Planning Workshop
with Councillors and
Council Managers
Development of Draft
and Final Plans
A presentation was made to Councillors and Managers to allow these
elected representatives and senior staff to provide feedback on the
works undertaken thus far.
The Final Plan will incorporate any changes made by Council following
receipt and discussion of the Draft Plan.
2.2 Scope of the Strategy
Tracks and trail incorporated within this strategy are recognised paths or sections of
water that are suitable for cycling and walking, horse riding or canoeing. These tracks or
trails are located on land owned or managed by the Crown (Department of Sustainability
or Parks Victoria) or Loddon Shire Council or on waterways controlled by the Crown or
water authorities. Tracks or trails that exist on private land have not been included. For
the purpose of this report, tracks and trails do not include footpaths unless the footpaths
are shared paths designed for both walking and cycling. Similarly, tracks and trails do
not include roads unless the roads are unmade, located within state or national parks
and experience low levels of vehicle use.
7

2.3 Definitions
A range of different terms are used to describe tracks and trails, their various
components and user groups. Each of these aspects is defined as follows:
• Track and Trail – “A trail is a pedestrian path or road mainly used for walking,
but often also for cycling, cross-country skiing or other activities. Some trails are
off-limits to everyone other than hikers, and few trails allow motorized
vehicles…In Australia, the word track can be used interchangeably with trail, and
can refer to anything from a dirt road to a pedestrian walkway (generally also
unpaved). The term "trail" gained popularity during World War II, when many
servicemen from the United States were stationed in Australia, which probably
influenced its being adopted by elements of the Australian media at the time. In
New Zealand, the word track is used almost exclusively except in reference to
cross-country skiing, where trail is used” 1 .
• Footpath – “An area open to the public that is designated for, or has as one of its
main uses, use by pedestrians, but does not include a shared use path” 2
• Bicycle Path – “A path or path section intended for the exclusive use of cyclists,
generally referred to …as an exclusive bicycle path” 3
• Shared Use Path – “A path open to the public that is designated for, or has as
one of its main uses, use by both cyclists and pedestrians, but does not include a
separated footpath or a footpath adjacent to a road” 4
• On road – sealed path joined to a road and predominantly used by road bikes
• Off road – path constructed a short distance away from a road – may be asphalt,
concrete, crushed rock, granitic sand, gravel, or unmade dirt track –
predominantly used by walkers, hybrid bikes or mountain bikes
• Rural road – usually unmade gravel or dirt roads which are frequently used by
cyclists due to the lower traffic volumes than main roads and highways
• Bush track – trail through bush land or next to rivers, generally some distance
from roads, usually an unmade dirt track, used by walkers, hybrid bikes,
mountain bikes, dirt bikes, horses
• Rail Trail – cycling / walking trail built along a disused railway line
• Rails with Trails – trails located alongside operating railway lines
• Utility service road – trails that have been established along service roads used
occasionally by utilities such as water authorities to check on their assets (e.g.
irrigation channels), also used by walkers, hybrid bikes and mountain bikes.
1 Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail
2 Austroads – “Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice – Bicycles – Part 14” (1999)
3 Austroads – “Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice – Bicycles – Part 14” (1999)
4 Austroads – “Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice – Bicycles – Part 14” (1999)
8

• Cyclist – “Rider of a bicycle or human powered vehicle” 5
• Pedestrian – “A person walking, and including people in wheelchairs, on roller
skates or riding on toy vehicles such as skate boards or other vehicles, other
than by bicycle, powered by human effort or motor with a maximum speed of 10
km/h” 6
• Walker – A person who travels from one place to another on foot for exercise,
pleasure or as a form of transport.
• Hiking – “is a subtype of walking, generally used to mean walking in nature
areas on specially designated routes or trails, as opposed to in urban
environments; however, hiking can also refer to any long-distance walk” 7 .
• Mountain bike – “A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated MTB or ATB
(all terrain bicycle)) is a bicycle designed for off-road cycling, including jumps,
and traversing of rocks and washouts, and steep declines, either on dirt trails,
logging roads, or other unpaved environments. Bicycles typically used for
mountain biking need to be able to withstand off-road use and the surmounting of
obstacles such as logs and rocks.” 8 .
• Hybrid bike – “is a bicycle designed for general-purpose utility or commuter
cycling on paved and unpaved roads, paths, and trails. Also known under such
names as City bike, Cross bike, or Commuter, the hybrid takes design features
from both the road bike and mountain bike, with the goal of making a bike for
general commuting and transportation.” 9 .
• Trail head – specific points at which trails start or end
• Human Powered Vehicles – “Refers to the array of alternative forms of pedal
powered and hand cranked vehicles including recumbents, tandems, tricycles,
and bicycles with trailers” 10
• Separated Path – A path divided into separated sections one of which is
designated for the exclusive use of cyclists and an alternate section for other
path users
• Sealed Shoulder – “Refers to the sealed edge of roads outside of the travelled
carriageway (the shoulder) of roads where cyclists might be expected to ride. It
is delineated by an edge line applied between the sealed shoulder and the
travelled section of a carriageway. The treatment is almost invariably associated
with unkerbed roads, as is often applicable to rural roads” 11
5 Austroads – “Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice – Bicycles – Part 14” (1999)
6 Austroads – “Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice – Bicycles – Part 14” (1999)
7 Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking
8 Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_bike
9 Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_bike
10 Austroads – “Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice – Bicycles – Part 14” (1999)
11 Austroads – “Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice – Bicycles – Part 14” (1999)
9

2.4 Benefits of Tracks and Trails
According to the Victorian Trails Strategy 12 , visitors to trails are motivated by:
“appreciating natural scenic beauty, experiencing physical
challenge and exercise, involvement in the natural
environment, gaining an awareness of nature, and the
opportunity to socialise with friends or family or pursue a
special interest.”
There are many benefits to be gained from using trails. These potential benefits include:
Social Physical Health and Wellbeing
• Opportunity to interact with
• Opportunity to improve health and
friends and family
fitness levels and thereby
• Opportunity to connect townships decrease community health care
to one another
costs
• Opportunity to develop local
• Increase self esteem and
events to increase community
confidence
strengthening and connectedness • Improve cardio vascular health
• Opportunity to improve
• Improve coordination
community connectedness
• Improve muscle tone
through management and
• Reduce weight
maintenance of trails
• Sense of achievement
• Less risk of heart disease and
certain types of diseases and
illnesses
• Higher energy levels
Environmental Economic
• Encourage appreciation of natural
environment through
interpretation or through taking
part in a tour with a licensed
operator
• Pollution free form of transport
• Minimal impact on the
environment due to limited or no
use of fuel as part of the overall
activity (some people drive to the
beginning of a trail, hence there
may be some greenhouse gas
emissions)
• Low cost activity
• Increased demand for products
from local shops selling cycling /
walking / horse riding / canoeing
gear
• Increased local employment
opportunities and income for
accommodation, food, transport,
entertainment, guiding companies
and tourist attractions
• Increased local employment
during trail construction if local
trades are employed
• Reduced need for establishment
of car parks
• Less wear and tear on roads
• Increases value of properties
located next to trails
12 Victorian Trails Coordinating Committee – “Victorian Trails Strategy 2005-2010” (2005), pg 14
10

2.5 National and International Trends in Tracks and Trails
Research shows that:
• Tracks and trails are increasingly being used by personal fitness trainers and
boot camps
• Commuter use of tracks and trails is increasing rapidly, particularly in regional
and metropolitan areas
• Bicycle sales have outnumbered car sales in Australia in recent years
• Significant number of older adults and families are using tracks and trails on a
regular basis as a form of leisure and exercise
• Local Government Authorities are recognising trails as a legitimate form of
recreation, a valued service to the community and a means of increasing
economic returns to the community
• Greater recognition of the social and physical benefits of cycling and walking
amongst government agencies and the general community
• Greater focus on higher quality surfaces by organisations constructing tracks and
trails
• Increasing number of rail trails being developed
• Value of linking tracks and trails to key locations in the community is being
recognised as a significant factor in increasing physical activity levels
• Tourism industry and operators recognise the value of walking and cycling trails
in tourist areas
• Communities are creating long distance trails with key attractions and
accommodation options along them in order to attract and retain tourists in their
area (economic benefits)
• Businesses specifically catering to users of tracks and trails are being
established, e.g. Rail Trail Café at Porepunkah near Bright
• High demand for off-road trails
• Interpretive features along trails can significantly add to the overall experience of
trail users
• Trails are used not only by walkers and cyclists, but also other forms of human
powered vehicles and equipment, e.g. skate boarders, roller skaters, inline
skaters, people with prams, people in wheelchairs, etc
• Significant increase in the number of people riding mountain bikes and seeking
opportunities to ride mountain bikes off-road.
11

2.6 The Cost of Not Providing Tracks and Trails in a Community
Communities in which tracks and trails are not provided potentially lack:
• A full range of recreational opportunities for local residents of all ages and
abilities (including older adults, people with disabilities and young children) to
enjoy
• A full range of recreational opportunities that the whole family can participate in
together
• Opportunities to meet and engage with other members of the community
• The physical and mental health benefits that can be attributed to physical
activities such as cycling, walking, horse riding or canoeing
• Safe commuter options for people wishing to walk or cycle to work or school
• Safe places for young children to learn to ride bicycles
• Economic benefits that can be achieved by providing cycling, walking, horse
riding and canoeing tourism opportunities to visitors to the area
• Economic benefits and township recognition and pride that can be achieved
through holding cycling, walking, horse riding and canoeing events
• Opportunities to educate the community and visitors about key flora, fauna and
environmental issues through interpretive signage and activities
12

3.0 Local Context
A range of local and state level documents have been reviewed in order to understand
the policy context in which tracks and trails have been or are proposed to be developed.
A summary of the information sourced from community plans follows, and a detailed
description of the literature review is included in the Appendix.
Town Identified Community Needs
Arnold (2006) • No references
Boort (2003) • Develop walking tracks around both lakes
• Construction of additional footpaths and upgrade of existing paths and gutters
• Achievement: development and further extension of walking track around Little
Lake Boort (2005 and 2006)
Bridgewater
(2003)
Calivil (2004) • No references
• Limited access to Loddon River for non-skiing purposes such as canoeing
• Extend current walking track to the Mill area and erect interpretive signage to
promote turbine viewing area (with support from Laucke Mill management)
• Establish walking track along the west side of the Loddon to take in historical
sites such as Chinese Gardens, Chinaman’s Hole and the old cemetery
Dingee (2007) • Continue present walking track around the cricket oval behind Bowling Green
and along the northern side of the road to form a loop and link up with already
established walking track.
• Develop Walking/Bike Riding trail 5km. east of town to the Tang Tang Wildlife
Reserve.
• Provide paving to all other residential and recreational areas
• Create safe pedestrian access within the residential area with appropriate
resting areas
• Achievement: development of walking trail from town to Winzar Recreation
Reserve
Eddington • Develop recreational walks and cycle paths – accessing river banks, Red Gum
Forest, old unused roads and potentially Hogan’s Bridge in the long term
• Encourage small boat crafting on Loddon River (obstacles in River need
removing first)
• Develop walking and cycling touring maps of the village
Inglewood • Develop the Inglewood Heritage Walk
• Develop the Botanic Gardens – Reservoir Loop
Korong Vale
(2003)
• Develop the Morning Star Bush Track.
• No recommendations, however it was conceded that not all paths in the town
are accessible for all residents
Laanecoorie • Develop shared trails along the river to the Weir with BBQ facilities
• Develop bike track from Dunolly, Waanyarra, Eddington, Laanecoorie and
Tarnagulla to include Box Ironbark forest River Red gum forests, Loddon river
and Laanecoorie reservoir
• Achievements: construction of a walking trail (2006)
Mitiamo (2003) • Walking or cycling track is required to enable both locals and tourists to be able
to walk from the town to the Terricks National Park in safety, and clear of cars
and trucks
Pyramid Hill
(2002)
• Provide access tracks (walking and cycling) to sporting facilities such as the
pool and Mitchell Park
13

Town Identified Community Needs
• Extend the walking track to encircle the Hill and maximise the opportunities to
view the natural features
• Achievement: walking track from township extended to Hill and summit track
upgraded (2007)
Serpentine
(2003)
Tarnagulla
(2004)
• Develop a walking / bicycle path around Pon Pon Reserve, with fitness stations
strategically placed around it
• Achievement: walking track constructed along Pon Pon Reserve (2006)
• Develop orienteering / wildflower walks and incorporate historic Waanyarra
Cemetery into a walk
Wedderburn • Extend existing trail from Ted’s Garden: Starting from Ted’s garden walk
westward over the highway, through the RSL to Lonely Grave, continue to 52
Wilson St., (Oldest weatherboard home in Wedderburn), then head North
toward the Old Battery and continue to Hard Hill. The walking track could then
follow the dirt road out the back of Hard Hill to Nine Mile road where the track
would go East past Alan Thiele’s residence and continue to the Silos where the
track would follow the Old Railway line. The line has had its tracks removed and
is already a basic walking track. Cross over Godfrey Street and continue along
the railway line until you arrive at the St Arnaud Road. Cross road and continue
to follow the railway line behind the Police Station residence, go over the old
railway bridge and continue around, crossing the highway at Korong Creek. You
will have arrived at the Engine Rally site. Follow the Nardoo Creek all the way to
Jacka Park or back to Ted’s garden. You could then choose to walk to the
Caravan Park reservoir and then walk to Tantalla St. Crossover Tantalla and
link up with Bernarra St, continue the track to the Grave site and view the old
diggings heading North.
• Put together a town walk identifying attractions and buildings of interest. Such
identified areas should have plaques or information erected to inform visitors of
the cultural and heritage significance of the particular attraction or building.
Yarrawalla • No references
Kingower
(2007)
Newbridge
(2004)
Campbell’s
Forest (2008)
• Replacement of railings on the bridges and culverts in town to ensure safety of
cyclists and walkers
• Link and beautify walking tracks south of the Newbridge Hall, along the River
• Extend river walking walks along river north of bridge
• Promote walking trails on signage
•
• No references
14

4.0 Our Community and Our Visitors
Tracks and trails are used not only by local visitors on a regular basis, but also by
visitors to the area. This section identifies the potential market for tracks and trails in
Loddon Shire, based on population and tourism projections.
4.1 Loddon Shire Profile
The following provides a brief snapshot of the Loddon Shire population, based on the
2006 Census and as recorded on the Loddon Shire Council’s website:
Item Details
Current population 8,095
Percentage of people born in Australia 99.0%
Percentage of people who speak another language and English 1.4%
either not at all, or not well
Percentage of people who speak English only at home 95.5%
Most common religion Anglican (22.9%)
Individual weekly income – median $150-$249 per week
Weekly household income – median $500-$649
Percentage of people with tertiary or vocational training 32.6%
qualifications
Percentage of people in the labour force 53.1%
Percentage of people in the labour force who are employed 94.3%%
Most common industry people are employed in Agriculture, forestry
& fishing (39.0%)
Most common occupation Managers (38.7%)
Most common method of travel to work Car as driver
(47.2%)
Most common type of household Couples with no
child(ren) (35.4%)
Percentage of homes that are owned or being purchased 84.3%
Monthly housing loan repayments - median $400-$549
Weekly rental repayments – median $0-$49
Car ownership per household – median 2 vehicles
4.2 Future Demographic Projections
According to the population projections supplied by Department of Planning and
Community Development 13 , the current population of Loddon Shire is 8,095. The
population is expected to decline slightly before increasing again, and the percentage of
people over 65 years of age is anticipated to grow from 21% to 28%, while the
percentage of young people under 17 years of age is expected to decline from 23% to
19%.
2 13 Department of Planning and Community Development website:
h3ttp://www.dvc.vic.gov.au/web20/dvclgv.nsf/AllDocs/0025DABB43B4647FCA2571610025ED93?Open
Do4cument
15

The following graph shows the projected changes in relation to the ageing of the
community over the next few years.
Estimated Resident Population from Department of Planning and Community
Development:
Population Total 0-17 18-34 35-64 65+
2006 8,095 23% 14% 42% 21%
2007 8,077 23% 14% 42% 21%
2016 8,172 19% 14% 39% 28%
4.3 Potential Local Market
Walking and cycling are the two of the most popular forms of physical activity in Victoria.
Participation rates in these two activities continues to increase, whereas participation in
organised sporting activities such as tennis, Australian Rules Football, netball and
cricket is in a current period of decline. By transposing Victorian participation rates in
the various physical activities that can be undertaken on tracks and trails against Loddon
Shire demographics, we can estimate the potential size of the market. It must be noted
however, that these figures should be used with caution, as participation rates in
selected activities vary from place to place dependent upon a whole range of factors
including availability of activity, level of competition offered, coaching standards, facility
standards, access to facility, climate, culture / history of activities in certain areas, etc.
No Activity % of Victorian
Participants
No. of Potential
Loddon Participants
(Population 8,095)
1 Walking (other) 34 2,752
2 Aerobics / Fitness 20.8 1,684
3 Swimming 11.3 915
4 Cycling 10.7 866
5 Running 8.7 704
6 Golf 6.8 551
7 Tennis 6.4 518
8 Walking (bush) 4.6 372
9 Netball 3.8 308
10 Football (soccer) 3.6 291
11 Basketball 3.5 283
12 Australian Rules Football 3.3 267
13 Cricket (outdoor) 3.3 267
28 Canoeing / kayaking 0.7 57
29 Horse riding / equestrian
activities / polocrosse
0.7 57
Estimated local market for tracks and trails is 4,808 people, which equates to 59% of the
population (although there may be some doubling up of numbers due to people
participating in more than one of these activities). No other physical activity or centre for
physical activity comes close to this number, yet expenditure on infrastructure for other
physical activities currently far surpasses the expenditure on tracks and trails.
16

4.4 Potential Visitor Market
Loddon Shire offers visitors to the area a broad range of opportunities and experiences
ranging from goldfields to forests, state and national parks, lakes and rivers, goldfields,
Aboriginal heritage, early European settlement, wineries, farming enterprises and public
gardens. A variety of events and festivals are held in various townships throughout the
municipality each year, attracting locals and visitors to the area.
According to the Loddon Tourism Plan, in 2003-2004 it was estimated that the Victorian
tourism industry attracted 1.3 million domestic overnight visitors and contributed $3.4
billion to the regional Victorian economy (a 31% increase from $2.6 billion in 1997-1998.)
The report and research undertaken by Tourism Research Australia identify that
domestic overnight / international visitors to Loddon:
• Stay an average of 2.8 nights
• Spend an average of $145 per trip (compared with Goldfields Region statistics of
$214)
• Spend an average of $52 per night (compared with Goldfields Region statistics of
$89)
• Primarily visit friends and relatives (43%)
• Rely on the internet for information purposes
• Come from either Australia for domestic overnight visitors or UK, New Zealand or
Japan for international visitors
Loddon Shire targets the following visitor markets (based on Roy Morgan profiles) 14 :
• Traditional family life
• Conventional family life
• Socially aware
Descriptions of each of these market sectors are included in the Appendix.
Visitors most likely to participate in cycling, walking, canoeing or horse riding are nature
based tourists. According to Tourism Research Australia 15 , the majority of nature
visitors in Australia are domestic visitors, rather than international visitors.
Twenty percent (20%) of domestic overnight visitors are classified as nature visitors by
Tourism Research Australia. Ten percent (10%) of domestic day visitors are nature
based visitors and 66% of international visitors fall within this category. Not all nature
visitors are interested in the types of activities undertaken on tracks and trails, however
Tourism Research Australia estimates that fifty-two percent (52%) of domestic overnight
nature visitors take part in bushwalking / rainforest walks, whilst 37% of domestic day
visitors and 39% of international visitors enjoy this type of activity. Unfortunately no
figures are available for international visitors or domestic day visitors in Loddon Shire.
However when domestic overnight visitor figures are extrapolated against tourism
figures for Loddon Shire, we can estimate that the total visitor market for Loddon Tracks
14 Loddon Shire Council – “Loddon Tourism Plan: 2007-2010” (2007)
15 Tourism Research Australia – “Nature Tourism in Australia – Snapshot” (2007)
17

& Trails may be in excess of 4,264 people per annum, as demonstrated in the table
below 16 :
Market Loddon Shire
Estimated Number of Domestic Overnight Visitors 41,000
Estimated Number of Domestic Overnight Visitors involved in 8,200
nature tourism (20%)
Estimated Number of Domestic Overnight Visitors involved in 4,264
nature tourism (20%) who take part in bushwalking /
rainforest walks (52% of 20%)
NB: No figures available for Domestic Day Visitors or International Visitors
This figure makes a number of assumptions:
• that all nature based visitors to the area are interested in walking or cycling along
Loddon Tracks and Trails
• that the statistics for Loddon Shire Council closely reflect national statistics
• that nature based tourism visitors to the area are aware of Loddon Tracks and
Trails
• that the trails are easily accessible to all nature based tourism visitors
• that nature based tourism visitors have or are able to obtain the appropriate
equipment / gear to use the trails
• that tourism statistics remain the same (although it is possible that tourist
visitation numbers may increase if additional opportunities are made available)
• that the trails are designed, constructed and managed in such a way as to be
most appealing to potential riders and walkers
• that nature based tourism visitors have sufficient time to use a section or several
sections of the trails given that day visitors may only be in the area for a few
hours.
4.5 Total Potential Market
The total market for tracks and trails, taking into consideration the estimated local market
of 4,808 and the estimated number of current domestic overnight visitors who take part
in bushwalking of 4,264 (this excludes domestic day visitors and international visitors to
the region as figures are unavailable and also excludes potential growth in tourism), is in
the vicinity of just over 9,000 people annually. This is of course providing that the
assumptions listed above are correct. Even if this total is reduced by half, there is still
potentially an annual market of 4,500 users.
16 Tourism Research Australia – “Nature Tourism in Australia – Snapshot” (2007)
18

4.6 Economic Benefits of Trails
Studies undertaken elsewhere tend to support the notion that the economic benefit of
trails (particularly off-road rail trails) outweigh their costs. For example:
• The Bicycle Transport Alliance of Western Australia 17 states that the 850km long
Munda Biddi Trail in Western Australia, designed for mountain bikes, is expected
to generate 70 full time and 70 part time jobs when it is fully developed.
• The Mundaring Trail in Western Australia attracted 180,000 people in 2001 and
contributed over $52 million to the local economy, according to The Bicycle
Transport Alliance of Western Australia 18 .
• The iconic Bibbulmun Track in Western Australia attracted 35,000 walkers who
contributed $6.8 million to the economy in 2001 alone 19 .
• The Northern Outer Banks Study undertaken in North Carolina, USA stated that
the cost of building bicycle facilities in that area was around US$6.7 million, but
that the annual economic return (US$60 million) was estimated to be almost nine
times greater than the initial establishment cost 20 .
• Lanesboro Rail Trail in Minnesota, USA brings in an annual economic impact of
more than US$5 million annually 21 .
• Northern Central Rail Trail in Maryland, USA cost $191,893 to establish in 1993.
In that same year, the value of goods purchased by users because of the
existence of the trail was estimated to be in excess of $3,380,000 22
According to a report undertaken by Dr Sue Beeton of La Trobe University, the 8,500
users of the Murray to Mountains Trail over the Easter 2006 weekend alone contributed
$2,141,400 of direct expenditure to the region 23 , whilst the cost to construct the trail thus
far is approximately $6 million (with further works still to occur). The equivalent of 21 full
time jobs were also created during the Easter weekend. Dr Beeton’s research indicates
that the average daily contribution of people using the Murray to Mountains Trail during
Easter 2006 was $258.00 per person (not including multipliers), as detailed in the
following table:
17
Bicycle Transport Alliance of Western Australia – “Cycling in the West” Newsletter (Dec 2001/
Jan 2002)
18
Ibid
19
Ibid
20
Institute for Transportation Research and Education at North Carolina State University –
“Pathways to Prosperity: The Economic Impact of Investments in Bicycle Facilities” (2003)
21
Sjoquist, Gary – “The Economic and Social Benefit of Trails” (2003)
22
Maryland Greenways Commission – “Analysis of Economic Impacts of the Northern Central
Rail Trail (1994)
23
Beeton, Dr Sue, La Trobe University – “Regional Communities and Cycling: the Case of the
Murray to the Mountains Trail, Victoria, Australia (2006)
19

Accommodation Food &
Beverages
Transport Cycling Other Total $
Average Direct
Expenditure
per Day
27.00 147.00 47.00 10.00 27.00 258.00
Multipliers: Retail Trade – 2.00; Accommodation, Cafes & Restaurants – 1.81; and Cultural &
Recreational Services – 1.77
Total Economic
Contribution
per Person
(using
multipliers)
48.87 266.07 94.00 20.00 54.00 482.94
In addition to economic returns, savings to the health care system cannot be overlooked
through increased participation in physical activity such as cycling or walking. According
to VicHealth “physical inactivity is responsible for an estimated 8,000 deaths per year in
Australia and costs the health system at least $400 million in direct health care costs” 24 .
An American study 25 reports that for every $1 invested in shared pathways in Lincoln,
Nebraska, there was a direct medical benefit of $2.94 to the community.
24 VicHealth – “Physical Activity Fact Sheet” (April 2007)
25 Wang, Guijing et al – “Cost Benefit Analysis of Physical Activity Using Bike / Pedestrian Trails”
in Health Promotion Practice (April 2005, Vol 6, No. 2 Pgs 174-179)
20

5.0 Vision and Principles
5.1 Our Vision
Loddon Shire contains a series of tracks and trails that link key facilities and attractions
within townships and across the municipality, promoting physical, social, environmental
and economic benefits for residents and visitors to the region.
5.2 Our Principles
Loddon Shire Council will consider the following planning principles when making
decisions about upgrading existing tracks or trails or developing new tracks and trails:
Principle Description
Access and equity Upgrades and developments that allow for greater access to
tracks and trails for people of all ages, genders, abilities and
socio-economic backgrounds.
Sustainability
Partnerships
Linkages
Community
connectedness and
strengthening
Diversity of
Experience
Community benefit
Provision of a safe
environment
Enhancing the
natural and cultural
environment
Initiatives, that following suitable planning and research, are
considered sustainable from participation, longevity, economic,
environmental, maintenance and social perspectives.
Initiatives that include a range of relevant partners, so that
limited resources are maximised and facilities are not
duplicated.
Initiatives that connect trails with key community and tourism
infrastructure through a series of self-contained loops.
Initiatives which encourage the community to be involved in
the planning, implementation and management of tracks and
trails wherever possible.
Initiatives that are dispersed throughout the municipality
offering participants opportunities to experience diverse
landscapes, cultural aspects, flora, fauna and vistas by foot,
wheelchair, cycle, horseback, canoe or kayak
Initiatives that provide physical, social, economic and
environmental benefits to the community.
Initiatives that encourage a safe environment that adheres to
Australian Safety Standards, Healthy By Design Guidelines
and other relevant industry standards concerning safety.
Initiatives that provide opportunities to improve understanding
and greater appreciation of natural and cultural features of the
Shire through education and interpretation
21

6.0 Tracks and Trails within the Loddon Shire Council
This section of the report provides an overview of existing and proposed tracks and trails
in Loddon Shire and neighbouring municipalities. It also identifies current usage levels,
demand, opportunities and gaps.
6.1 Current Distribution of Tracks and Trails
Within Loddon Shire there are a variety of existing tracks and trails. Some of these are
well formed and well utilised, whilst others are in more remote areas and are less
utilised. All offer opportunities to experience the outdoors and to enjoy and appreciate
the natural and cultural features along the route. Each of the trails listed below is
described in more detail in the Appendix. Note that there may be a number of other
informal walking / cycling trails through bush land not included in the following list.
1. Boort – Little Lake Boort Track
2. Boort – Boort Lookout Track
3. Boort – Lake Boort Walking Track
4. Bridgewater River Track (3 sections)
5. Calivil – Track around oval and in area adjacent to the Recreation Reserve
6. Calivil – Pompapiel Track (through the old forest)
7. Dingee – Winzar Track
8. Inglewood – Reservoir Track
9. Inglewood Town Heritage Trail
10. Laanecoorie River Walk
11. Mt Hope
12. Mt Kooyoora – nine specific tracks including Melville Caves and Melville Caves
Lookout Tracks
13. Mt Korong Road Circuit
14. Mt Moliagul
15. Pyramid Hill Walking Track
16. Serpentine – Pon Pon Track
17. Tarnagulla Township Walk
18. Terrick Terrick National Park – Whipstick Hill Nature Walk
19. Wedderburn – Nardoo Track
20. Wedderburn – Hard Hill Track – Reservoir Track
Most towns also feature footpaths.
The following map shows the locations of these tracks within the shire. Maps of each of
these tracks are provided in the Appendix.
22

W
N
S
BULOKE
NORTHERN
GRAMPIANS
Shire of Loddon Tracks and Trails
#
#
#
#
E
#
#
#
#
Logan
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Wedderburn
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Boort
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Borung
Korong Vale
#
#
#
Waanyarra
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
LODDON
#
#
#
#
#
GANNAWARRA
Inglewood
#
#
#
Bridgewater
#
#
Kingower
#
#
#
#
Arnold
Tarnagulla
Durham Ox
Eddington
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Serpentine
Newbridge
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Pyramid Hill
Laanecoorie#
# Shelbourne
20 0 20 40 Kilometers
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Mitiamo
#
#
#
#
#
Dingee
GREATER
BENDIGO
CAMPASPE
#
Loddon Trails
Walking
Walking/Cycling
Walking Proposed
Walking/Cycling Proposed
Canoe Proposed
Cycling Proposed
Horseriding Proposed
# Towns
Loddon Shire
Neighbouring shires
Waterbodies
Roads
Watercourses
Rail
Land Parcels
Vegetation cover
23

6.2 Tracks and Trails in Surrounding Municipalities
Loddon Shire Council borders seven other municipalities. Each of these municipalities
has a number of tracks and trails within its boundaries. The following table provides an
overview of tracks and trails that have the potential to link to Loddon Shire:
Municipality Tracks and Trails Adjoining Loddon Shire
Gannawarra
Shire
• Council’s Tourism Strategy supports the development of
Murray River Trail and possible extension of Tri Avian Trail
(a bird watching trail that crosses three NSW municipalities
– Wakool, Murray and Balranald).
• Most tracks and trails are managed by DSE or Parks
Victoria.
• There is one walking trail at Lake Charm
Campaspe Shire • As part of its Cycling and Walking Strategy, Campaspe
Shire has identified a number of potential cycling and
walking trails to be developed in the future. One of these
potential trails travels from Echuca to Mt Terrick Terrick (in
the Loddon Shire Council). It would then connect to the
proposed Goldfields to Murray Trail, which is currently
being planned between Bendigo and Echuca. If this
section is ever established, it is likely to be an on-road trail.
• Other walking trails exist in Echuca, Lockington, Rochester
City of Greater
Bendigo
Mt Alexander
Shire
and Elmore.
• The City of Greater Bendigo Cycling Strategy identifies a
number of existing a potential trails through the City,
including short trails on the Loddon Valley Hwy and
Bendigo-Pyramid Road (as part of the Municipal Bicycle
Network)
• Bendigo Bushland Trail circumnavigates Bendigo, not quite
reaching Lockwood, Maiden Gully, Myers Flat or the
Whipstick
• Goldfields to Murray Trail travels all of the way to Echuca,
with the nearest point to Loddon being Huntly township.
• Loddon Valley Wine Trail, listed in the Bendigo Winery
Cycling Trails brochure, identifies a 50km ride between
Bendigo and Leichardt, passing five wineries.
• The O’Keefe Rail Trail travels from the centre of Bendigo to
Axedale, with a possible future extension to Heathcote. It
does not go anywhere near Loddon Shire.
• Vine to Vintage Trail is primarily marketed as a driving trail.
It lists wineries between Bendigo and Loddon municipalities
in Maiden Gully, Marong, Leichardt, Bridgewater and
Kingower.
• A 6.3km walking trail exists in the Whipstick off Eaglehawk-
Neilborough Rd, visiting Old Tom Mine and Shadbolt’s
Picnic Area
• The Great Dividing Trail links Castlemaine to Daylesford in
a southerly direction (on the Dry Diggings Track); and
Castlemaine to Bendigo in a northerly direction (on the
24

Municipality Tracks and Trails Adjoining Loddon Shire
Leanganook Track). Neither of these sections of the Great
Dividing Trail link to Loddon Shire.
• The Victorian Trails Strategy (2005-2010) identifies a
possible rail trail in the future from Shelbourne (in Loddon
Central
Goldfields Shire
Northern
Grampians Shire
Shire) to Castlemaine via Maldon.
• Central Goldfields Shire Council has developed a Bicycle
Strategy which identifies a number of shared paths within
townships as well as some longer distance on road trails
between towns.
• The Dunolly community has produced a map outlining
seven trails between 14-47km in length that are suitable for
mountain biking. These trails cross over into the Loddon
Shire Council at Tarnagulla. The Tarnagulla Ride is an
extension of the Waanyarra or Laanecoorie ride, or in fact
can be stated from Dunolly on the sealed Dunolly
Tarnagulla Rd 26 . The Laanecoorie Ride commences at
Dunolly, with an option of continuing on to Waanyarra to
Tarnagulla. Opportunities exist to further connect the
Dunolly Trails to the proposed network in Loddon, to create
linear trails of significant value.
• There are several walking tracks in Northern Grampians
(range of different walks in the Grampians, Lake Cato in
Stawell, Pleasant Creek Walk in Stawell and Deep Lead
Reserve Walking Track) and shared walking / cycling trails
(Halls Gap off road shared track) in Northern Grampians,
but no known horse riding or canoeing trails
Buloke Shire • None of the trails in Buloke connect with Loddon Shire.
Most of them are town based (i.e. Donald town walk and
Charlton River Walk), or are fairly short loops or linear trails
(i.e. Wycheproof Mountain Walk and Birchip to Tchum Lake
Trail).
The following map shows the locations of trail in adjoining municipalities.
26 Dunolly Cycle Tracks Website: http://www.imagelink.com.au/Cycle/Tarnagulla.htm
25

BULOKE
NORTHERN GRAMPIANS
30 0 30 60 Kilometers
Trails in surrounding
Municipalities
GANNAWARRA
LODDON
GREATER BENDIGO
CENTRAL GOLDFIELDS
MOUNT ALEXANDER
W
CAMPASPE
N
S
E
Loddon Trails
Walking
Walking/Cycling
Walking Proposed
Walking/Cycling Proposed
Canoe Proposed
Cycling Proposed
Horseriding Proposed
Bendigo Bushland Trail
Goldfields to Murray Trail
O'Keefe Rail Trail
Great Dividing Trail
Echuca to Terrick Terrick trail
Major Mitchell Trail
Murray Trail
Dunolly Trails
Bealiba
Betley
Goldsborough
Laanecoorie
Moliagul
Tarnagulla
Waanyarra
Roads
Loddon Shire
Neighbouring shires
26

6.3 Current Trail Usage and Needs
Surveys were available throughout the community in February and March 2009 to
determine current usage patterns and potential developments and upgrades to the trail
network. Only 24 surveys were completed. This number is too small to make any
meaningful assessments; however, the results are recorded for information purposes.
The majority of survey respondents live in Boort (30.4%), followed by Wedderburn
(17.4%) and Bridgewater and Inglewood (each 13.0%) and were aged between 30-39
years and 40-49 years (28.6% each). Genders were equally represented (50% each).
Of those people who completed a survey:
Issue Identified Needs
Type of usage • The majority of people currently walk (65.2%) or don’t use
trails (26.1%). Cycling (21.7%) was the next most popular
activity on trails, followed by canoeing (13.0%) and horse
riding (8.7%).
Length of time
on trail
Frequency of
use
Maximum
distances
Preferred
surface
Best things
about Loddon
tracks and trails
Worst things
about Loddon
tracks and trails
• There is an equal number of people who spend less than one
hour on a trail (38.1%) and one to three hours on a trail.
• The majority of people use trails on a weekly basis (33.3%)
or not at all (22.2%). An equal number of people state that
they use trails daily or several times per week (16.7% each).
• The maximum average distance people are willing to travel
per day along tracks is:
o Walking – 7km
o Cycling – 20km
o Horse riding – 20km
o Canoeing / kayaking – 4km
• The preferred type of surface for a cycling / walking trail is
either a sealed track (e.g. asphalt or concrete) or a crushed,
compacted gravel track (23.8% each)
• The best things about tracks and trails in Loddon are the
natural features, water views, wildlife, birds, peacefulness,
tranquility and lack of traffic.
• The worst things about tracks and trails in Loddon are lack of
tracks, lack of signage, lack of maps, lack of directional
signage on tracks, lack of interpretive information, lack of
supporting infrastructure such as accommodation options,
poor surface and lack of connectivity.
Marketing • The preferred source of marketing is signage at entry points
of trails (30.0%), followed by internet with downloadable
maps (25.0%) and maps or brochures from visitor
information centres / accommodation venues (20%)
27

Issue Identified Needs
Most important
aspects
Least important
aspects
Interest in using
the track in the
future
• The most important aspects of trails are trails that are well
maintained; trails located off the road; and trails that provide
good scenery and a variety of scenery
• The least important aspects of a trail are trails that start and
finish near a train stop; trails that travel through farm land;
and trails that provide opportunities to purchase
merchandise.
• 77.3% or respondents said that they are interested in using
tracks and trails in Loddon Shire in the future.
Anecdotal evidence from local tourism officers Parks Victoria and Department of
Sustainability and Victoria indicate that the demand for shared paths, short interpretive
walks and purpose built mountain bike trails continues to grow.
28

6.4 Demand for Tracks and Trails in Loddon Shire
Local residents and key stakeholders were invited to identify potential trails requiring
development and potential upgrades to existing trails through a range of mechanisms
including:
• Community workshops held in Boort, Tarnagulla and Inglewood
• Community surveys
• Sports club surveys
• Key stakeholder interviews
• Written submissions available from Council offices and from the Council website
In order to assess and prioritise demand for new trails, each request has been rated
against the planning principles developed for Tracks and Trails in Loddon:
• Access and equity = 1 point
• Sustainability = 1 point
• Partnerships = 1 point
• Linkages = 1 point
• Community connectedness and strengthening = 1 point
• Diversity of experience = 1 point
• Community benefit = 1 point
• Provision of a safe environment = 1 point
• Enhancing the natural and cultural environment = 1 point
An additional criteria has been added: the track or trail must also fit within the following
hierarchy:
Area
Small towns / areas with a
population under 100 people
Medium sized towns with a
population between 100-499
people (Bridgewater,
Dingee, Korong Vale,
Newbridge, Serpentine and
Tarnagulla)
Large towns with a
population over 500 people
(Boort, Inglewood, Pyramid
Hill and Wedderburn)
Trail Provision
• May incorporate an inner urban shared path in
the town, but only if need can be demonstrated.
• Should incorporate a minimum of one inner
urban shared path within the town that is sealed
or constructed with granitic sand.
• If the town has high tourism value, an outer ring
network trail may also be constructed using
natural materials.
• Should incorporate a minimum of one inner
urban shared path within the town that is sealed
or constructed with granitic sand.
• Should incorporate a minimum of one shared
path (outer ring network) from the town to a
nearby attraction, e.g. lake, reservoir, hill,
recreation reserve, etc.
29

Area
Trail Provision
State and National Parks • Should incorporate a minimum of one trail
within the park suitable for walkers. Provision
may be made for mountain bike riders and
horse riders if the management plan allows.
• May incorporate a regional network from a town
or from another state or national park.
Creeks, Rivers and Lakes
with features of interest
• May incorporate one canoeing / kayaking trail.
Each request was rated using a scoring system based on the nine planning principles
The maximum score any request can receive is nine, as each planning principle is worth
one point. If the track or trail is not consistent with the hierarchy, however, it
automatically scores a zero. Community Planning documents also support the
development of tracks and trails in specific locations (refer to Section 3.0).Refer to
Appendix 5.0 for details of the requested new developments.
Upgrades to existing trails were assessed in the following order:
• Improvement to safety = 3 points
• Works likely to increase usage = 2 points
• Works likely to improve aesthetics / comfort = 1 point
From an upgrade perspective, the priorities are to carry out improvements to:
• Little Lake Boort Track
• Inglewood Reservoir Track
• Tarnagulla Town Walk
• Bridgewater River Walk.
Refer to Appendix 5.0 for details of all requested upgrades.
30

7.0 Planning and Design
People will make decisions whether or not to use a specific track or trail based on the
person’s own specific needs, balanced against what type of opportunities and amenities
the track or trail can offer them. Each person's needs will vary according to:
• their fitness level
• their mobility level
• their age
• their health
• their previous experiences (either negative or positive)
• time available to take part in physical activity
• the weather
• their access to appropriate equipment (e.g. bicycle, horse, canoe, walking shoes)
• the degree to which they want to be challenged
• their preference for particular types of surfaces, scenery, attractions en route and
gradients.
It is not possible for one trail to meet the needs of all people. Hence, wherever possible,
it is important to provide a range of different types of trails throughout the municipality.
The following section provides a brief overview of the needs of different user groups.
7.1 Needs of Walkers
According to the Victorian Trails Strategy 27 the majority of people who choose to walk in
metropolitan and regional parks in Victoria undertake short walks of up to one hour (84%
for National Parks and 67% for Metropolitan Parks). Many people using the metropolitan
parks will be local residents who live nearby. Long walks of more than 4 hours or day
walks are undertaken by only 8.5% of visitors to National Parks.
People who undertake walks of less than four hours generally require:
• Short, accessible trails
• Return / loop trails
• Secure car parking at trip beginning / end
• Directional signage
• Access to drinking water
• Safe trails that are well maintained
• Information about the trail
• Suitable amenities that reflect the purpose and length of the trail, e.g. seats,
picnic areas, toilets, etc.
People who undertake a day walk or extended day walk tend to have the following
requirements, according to information supplied by Bushwalking Victoria 28 :
27
Victorian Trails Coordinating Committee – “Victorian Trails Strategy – 2005-2010” (2005)
28
David Rimmer, Tracks Development Officer of Bushwalking Victoria – personal interview
(19/9/08)
31

• Prefer off-road tracks – tracks next to roads are the least appealing of all options
• Prefer more rugged, unformed bush tracks (not solid formed tracks used by
vehicles as these can cause blisters to form on feet)
• Like some variability to the track, i.e. some bends in the track, rises, etc
• Like changing scenery, e.g. vistas, wildflowers, historical features, rivers, wildlife
• Bushland, rivers and wineries are of most interest, with farming land offering the
least interest
• Prefer tracks that have a level of challenge and a sense of ambience associated
with them, i.e. interest levels are sustained sufficiently to encourage the walker to
want to see what is over the next rise or around the next bend
• Like tracks with some signs along them, but not too many signs
• Use a range of different tools to find out about trails, e.g. websites, maps,
brochures, Park Notes, Bushwalking Victoria information, word of mouth, notice
boards at trail heads, etc
• Potentially would use trains as a means to get to the starting point of a trail
• Want information about distances, degree of difficulty, etc
• Prefer well maintained tracks
• Require accommodation options every 15-17km along the route (this is the
average distance covered per day for walkers who are carrying tents, bedding,
food, stoves, etc – day walkers can generally cover up to 22km per day)
• Preferred accommodation is generally camping, caravan parks or cabin style
accommodation
• Access to water is important – consider bottled water in towns or rain water tanks
• Access to food outlets (shops or roadside stalls) is important
• Like water tanks along the way which can potentially be filled regularly if required
• Interpretive facilities are important
The Victorian Trails Strategy 29 states that the popularity of long distance walks is
dependent upon:
• “Walk experience on offer
• Walk duration (2 nights is ideal)
• Walk distance (10-15km per day is ideal)
• Roofed accommodation (rather than tent based)”
7.2 Needs of Cyclists
According to Bicycle Victoria 30 , key considerations for a successful trail are:
• A trail that is at least 30km in length
• Trail that can be used by local residents for recreational purposes, but also has
features that attract visitors from further away
• Travel near a population centre
• Traffic-free experience
29
Victorian Trails Coordinating Committee – “Victorian Trails Strategy – 2005-2010” (2005), pg 21
30
Bicycle Victoria – email correspondence with Arlen Keen, Facilities Development Officer:
16/9/08
32

• Passes through scenic, attractive, interesting areas
• Passes features that can’t be accessed by car
• Has appealing stops such as wineries, museums and natural features
• Access to tourism infrastructure such as accommodation
• Conservation value such as significant flora or fauna
• Heritage value
• One that fills an unmet recreation need for the area
• Local support and commitment
• A cleared height of 2.5 metres to prevent cyclists hitting their heads on overhead
branches
• Sight lines of at least 30 metres to any road crossings
Cyclists seek a range of trail opportunities, depending upon their skill levels, the type of
bicycle they are riding and the type of experience they desire. Some may prefer welldeveloped
sealed paths, whilst others prefer undeveloped single track routes through
parks and reserves. Some prefer short relatively easy journeys, whilst others prefer
longer more challenging rides.
7.3 Needs of Horse Riders
Horse riders may undertake short journeys of less than one hour, right through to
extended trips of several days or more. In general, horse riders will need trails that:
• Are well formed and soft to reduce the chance of damage to environmentally
sensitive areas through grazing and trampling and to prevent the introduction /
spread of noxious and exotic plants. Horse riding trails must not be sealed with
asphalt or concrete as this type of surface can injure horses’ hooves.
• Have limited road crossings.
• Have limited water crossings to help prevent potential environmental damage.
• Have limited access to steep, rocky slopes due to potential difficulties for horses
and their riders to navigate and also the potential negative impact on the
environment.
• Are separated from walkers and cyclists to reduce potential conflict
• Feature space for car parking and horse floats at entry points
• Are well signposted and provide clear instructions to promote appropriate use of
the trail
• Provide loops of varying lengths to cater for short or longer rides
• Provide designated horse camps 31 (where warranted in state or national parks of
interest to horse riders), with hitching rails or holding facilities (at least 30 metres
from lakes, streams, rivers, huts and camping areas). Yards should allow for 15
square metres per horse
• Provide access to drinking water for horses where warranted
• Provide natural shade
• Trails should preferably be formed from natural materials and should be
approximately 2.5 metres wide for single lane sections and 3.7 metres wide to
allow two people to travel side by side in other sections.
31 Parks Victoria – “Horse Riding” - website: www.parks.vic.gov.au
33

• A cleared height of 3.5 metres is required to ensure that riders do not knock their
head on overhanging branches.
• An open area that allows horses to gallop, trot or canter is also recommended, if
possible 32 .
7.4 Needs of Canoeists
Canoeists or kayakers are interested in a range of different experiences, from short
paddles, through to long distance paddles of several days duration. Some people prefer
gentle water paddling, whilst others prefer white water paddling in remote locations.
Canoeing trails should be clearly identified so that paddlers can choose the shortest and
easiest route if they wish to The preferred way of travelling may vary from point-to-point
racing to gentle meandering along the creek bank for nature observation. The
preference is for trails to be at least 1.8 metres wide, with additional space to navigate
bends.
In general, canoeists and kayakers will require trails with:
• Easy to use entry / exit points or landings on firm surfaces in slow moving water.
Where possible, the approach should be level and feature a non-slippery surface.
• A number of entry / exit points to allow for different trail lengths to be undertaken.
Some longer trail stretches (up to 5km) should be included to allow for an
experience of solitude and remoteness
• Boardwalks in certain areas if the trail is highly utilised or if the bank of the river
or lake is unsuitable for alternative landings.
• Canoe resting areas every 250 metres on longer trails 33 .
• Suitable car parking for vehicles, 22 seat passenger buses and trailers. These
need to be separated from the actual launching / disembarking area.
• Directional signage identifying route and distances to travel. In the long term,
downloadable maps should be made available from the Loddon Shire Council’s
website. This offers the advantage of keeping any information easily up to date.
• Interpretive signage
• Warning signage identifying any hazards such as blue green algae outbreaks – if
a website was available, this information could be included if necessary.
• Campsites not easily accessible by road (to allow for wilderness type camping as
well as school-group or family camping)
• River height markers. These should indicate low water heights (for water levels
below a minimum water level) as well as safe and unsafe/dangerous paddle
heights). The water height measures should be based on the Bureau of
Meteorology (BOM) 34 river height measurements.
32
Rathke, David M, and Baughman, Melvin J, University of Minnesota – “Recreational Trail
Design and Construction” (2009):
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD6371.html#trail3
33
Rathke, David M, and Baughman, Melvin J, University of Minnesota – “Recreational Trail
Design and Construction” (2009):
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD6371.html#trail3
34
Bureau of Meteorology (Australian Government) – “Latest River Heights for the Victorian Rivers” :
http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi‐bin/wrap_fwo.pl?IDV60154.html#Loddon_Catchment
34

In order to assist paddlers to get their vessel in or out of the water, the construction of
landings is required. The non-slip boardwalks or concrete ramp structures need to cater
for varying water levels (summer low levels and winter high levels).
7.5 Needs of Traditionally Disadvantaged Groups
Traditionally disadvantaged groups include older adults, people with disabilities, young
people, people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and women. In
order for traditionally disadvantaged groups to access and use tracks and trails, the
following considerations need to be made to tracks and trails:
• Relatively flat gradient that is well maintained and free of trip hazards or sudden
changes in gradient
• Firm surface made of asphalt, concrete or granitic sand to allow ease of access
for wheelchairs, walking frames, prams, gophers, tricycles
• Self contained loops to allow people to choose the length of their cycle, walk,
horse ride or canoe trip
• Linked to desired destinations, e.g. shops, schools, recreation centres, parks, etc
• Well signposted with clear lettering, plain English and luminance contrast of 30%
or more (luminance refers to the amount of light reflected from one surface or
component, compared to the amount of light reflected from the background or
surrounding surfaces)
• Signage that provide potential users with a description about length of trail,
estimated time to complete section, terrain, hazards, etc
• Access to suitable supporting infrastructure, e.g. car parks, parking for mini
buses, toilets, rest areas, shade, etc
• Tracks and trails that provide clear site lines
• Lighting (if appropriate)
It must be noted, however, that the provision of tracks and trails alone may not be
adequate to encourage greater numbers of traditionally disadvantaged people to access
trails. Other considerations include marketing of the tracks and trails so people know
that they exist – potentially through the provision of maps, internet promotion and
signage. Some people may also lack the skills and confidence to take part in activities
such as cycling, canoeing or horse riding. In this instance, it may be necessary to
provide regular introductory sessions through organisations such as Loddon Shire,
schools, sports shops or the private sector. Similarly, lack of access to equipment may
be another impediment. Hence the value of organisations or businesses that hire out
cycles or canoes, or businesses that operate cycling, walking, canoeing and horse riding
tours may be important. There will also be value in the development of a formal or
informal outdoor club or group within the Shire that local people can join in order to find
other people with similar interests to participate with.
35

7.6 Potential Partners
Numerous organisations have an interest in improving existing trails or developing new
ones. Potential partners include:
• Loddon Shire Council
• Neighbouring Councils (where a trail may cross into another municipality)
• Department of Sustainability and Environment (where trails are located on Crown
Land)
• Parks Victoria (where trails are situated in state parks)
• VicRoads (where trails are located on or next to arterial roads)
• Water authorities (where trails are located on waterways or on land controlled by
water authorities)
• Community Planning Groups and Friends Groups (where trails are located in
towns)
• Landcare Groups (where trails have an environmental focus)
• Tourism businesses (where trails are desired or located in areas of tourist
importance)
• Schools (for commuter and educational purposes)
• Local businesses (where trails are located next to local businesses and provide
positive promotional opportunities)
• Funding bodies, e.g. Department of Planning and Community Development and
Regional Development Victoria (to assist with funding of the tracks and trails)
• Country Fire Authority
• VicTrack
• V/Line.
36

7.7 Classifications of Tracks and Trails
Walkers, cyclists, canoeists and horse riders seek different types of experiences and challenges when choosing whether or not to
use a specific track or trail. Whilst some people prefer short trails with sealed surfaces and a high level of supporting infrastructure,
others prefer a more rugged wilderness type experience which is physically challenging and may take several days (or longer) to
complete. There is a place for a broad range of tracks and trails to exist within Loddon, thereby providing a diversity of experiences
for local residents and visitors to the area.
Various industry accepted classifications already exist for each activity. There are currently Australian Standards for Walking Tracks,
however the Department of Sustainability and Environment is undertaking a project to develop improved national standards that are
used consistently across all tracks and trails in Australia. International Mountain Biking Trail Classifications also exist, based on
international trail marking for ski fields. The trail system used by horse riding in South Australia (and used in other parts of the
country) is also based on the ski trail system. In relation to canoeing and kayaking, there is an internationally recognised
classification of grades of water. The canoeing classification system involves six different levels; walking and mountain biking, five;
and horse riding, three.
Each of the classifications varies somewhat. Both the canoeing and mountain biking classifications for instance, only focus on the
degree of difficulty of the water or the track, rather than the length of time it would take to complete the section, or the distance of the
section. Horse riding classifications focus on both the degree of difficulty and the length, although its most difficult grading can be
any length. The draft walking track guidelines focus on the degree of difficulty and will also provide information about the length and
anticipated time it would take to complete the trail.
Therefore it is suggested for Loddon Shire that in relation to classifications, trail head signage, brochures, internet maps, etc all
contain the following information:
• Degree of difficulty – based on the recognised standard for each activity (refer to Appendix)
• Distance of trail – measured by Loddon Shire
• Time it is likely to take to complete the trail – measured by timing a number of people to complete the trail and determining an
average time, or using the following estimations of time (recognising that the more difficult the track or waterway, the slower
people will travel):
o Walking – approximately 4-5km per hour
o Cycling – approximately 12-16km per hour
o Horse riding – approximately 6km per hour
37

o Canoeing / kayaking – approximately 4km per hour
There will need to be separate signage for each activity relevant to the specific requirements for that user group.
7.7.1 Design of Shared Trails in Loddon Shire Council
The following table, which has been designed to provide Loddon Shire with a guide to what could reasonably be expected to feature
on shared cycling / walking trails of various different standards. It has been adapted from a combination of:
• the Australian Standard on Walking Tracks 35 ;
• New Zealand Department of Conservation’s Track Categories 36 ;
• draft research undertaken by DSE towards the development of national walking track standards
• DSE Road Management Plan 37
• Rathke and Baughman’s Recreational Trail Design and Construction 38
• International Mountain Bike Association Trail Difficulty Rating System 39
Category Example Surface Terrain /
Gradient
Level 1 Path in town Well formed Flat with no
or access track with steps or
path in even
slopes.
urban park. compacted
surface, e.g.
asphalt,
concrete or
granitic sand
for cycling /
Signage Infrastructure Management Maintenance Loddon
Examples
Major sign at Seats along the track – Loddon Shire High levels of Dingee
trail head approximately every 750
maintenance Walking Trail
(where metres
Friends of required, e.g.
appropriate)
Groups weekly
Nardoo
Lookouts
inspections of Walking Trail
Arrows at
Community toilets, and three –
intersections Barrier rails
Planning six monthly
Groups inspections of
Frequent Bridges across any
signage,
35 Australian Standards – “Australian Standard on Walking Tracks – AS 2156.1-2001 and AS 2156.2-2001” (2001)
36 Department of Conservation (New Zealand) – “Track Categories” website: http://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/plan-andprepare/safety/recreation-facilities-and-services/track-categories/
37 Department of Sustainability and Environment – “Road Management Plan – Draft” (2007)
38 Rathke, David M, and Baughman, Melvin J, University of Minnesota – “Recreational Trail Design and Construction” (2009):
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD6371.html#trail3
39 Maierhofer, Chris – “A National Standard for Mountain Bike Trails” (2007): http://www.qorf.org.au/_dbase_upl/nat%20std%20trails.pdf
38

Category Example Surface
walking.
Terrain /
Gradient
Level 2 Nature
circuit in an
urban park
Short trail
within,
around or
between
towns or
attractions.
Level 3 Well used
track in state
forest or
state park
for walking,
cycling and
horse riding.
Minimum
1.2m wide –
preferably 2m
wide.
Well formed
track with
even
compacted
surface, e.g.
granitic sand
Minimum
0.9m wide –
preferably
2m.
Mostly well
formed.
Less than
1.2m wide
There may
be steps or
slopes
Gradient
usually less
than 1:10
Some
sections
may be
steep, rough
or muddy
Gradient
usually less
than 1:15
May have
some steep
sections
Signage Infrastructure Management Maintenance Loddon
Examples
interpretive waterways
Walking infrastructure and
signage
May include toilets, picnic
Groups trail surface.
facilities, car parking, bins
and water fountains
Service Clubs
Major sign at
trail head
(where
appropriate)
Arrows at
intersections
Frequent
interpretive
signage
Signage and
track markers
for direction
only
Limited
interpretive
signage
May connect or traverse
through a park
Ramps if steps are
present
Seats – approximately
every 1km
Lookouts
Barrier rails
Bridges across waterways
May include bins and
water fountains
May connect or traverse
through a park
Specific safety /
environmental
considerations only
May be a seat at rest stop
or point of interest, e.g.
lookouts.
Loddon Shire
Friends of
Groups
Community
Planning
Groups
Walking
Groups
Service Clubs
Parks Victoria
Friends of
Groups
DSE
Water
Authorities
High-medium
levels of
maintenance
required, e.g.
weekly
inspections of
toilets, and six
monthly
inspections of
signage,
infrastructure and
trail surface.
Medium level of
maintenance
Little Lake
Boort
Melville Caves
Walk
39

Category Example Surface Terrain /
Gradient
Level 4 Less-used
track in a
distant area
of state
forest, state
park or
national
park.
Level 5 Little-used
unformed
track in a
remote area.
Track is
mostly
unformed and
may be
indistinct in
places
Track
unformed
No
modification
of the natural
environment
May have
some
natural
hazards,
e.g. water
crossings
Track likely
to have
steep, rough
or muddy
sections
Rough,
muddy or
very steep
Signage Infrastructure Management Maintenance Loddon
Examples
Signage
limited to
management
purposes
Specific safety /
environmental
considerations only
May not be a bridge
across waterways
Not provided Not provided
No bridges likely across
waterways
Parks Victoria
DSE
Water
Authorities
Parks Victoria
DSE
Water
Authorities
Medium-low level
of maintenance
Low levels of
maintenance
No examples
in Loddon
Shire.
40

8.0 Design Guidelines
8.1 Regulations and Standards
Tracks and Trails in Loddon Shire need to be designed according to industry standards
and regulations. Reference should be made to:
• Australian Standard – Walking Tracks Part One: Classification and Signage (AS
2156.1-2001)
• Australian Standard – Walking Tracks Part Two: Infrastructure Design (AS
2156.2-2001)
• Australian Standard – Signage (AS 1428.1)
• Australian Standard – Seating (AS 1428.2)
• Disability Discrimination Act (1992)
• Austroads Guide to Engineering Practice, Part 14: Bicycles
• DSE – Road Management Plan (Draft)
• DSE - Bendigo Forest Management Area Forest Management Plan
• Parks Victoria – Kooyoora State Park Draft Management Plan
• Other relevant industry documents and planning processes
The design of tracks and trails will also vary, according to the grading of the trail. Refer
to Section 7.7.1 and the Appendix for more information on the level of infrastructure and
design features of each graded trail.
8.2 Designing Quality, Well Used Trails
In order to develop well utilised trails, it is important that they are well designed,
maintained and managed. Well utilised trails are usually those that:
• Are located in areas that people want to explore or travel through
• Provide connections to key destinations or attractions
• Provide a trail surface suitable to the needs of trail users and the grading of the
trail
• Have adequate drainage
• Provide access to toilets at trail heads, as well as shade and rest stops with
seating, as required
• Are developed according to universal design principles
• Are well signposted
• Provide the level of experience desired, e.g. easy, safe and comfortable for a
Level One Trail through to very challenging for a Level Five Trail
• Are well promoted
• Are considered to be safe
• Provide options for longer or shorter distances, e.g. self-contained loops
• Provide opportunities to learn about the environment through interpretive signage
and promotional material such as Park Notes
• Provide a high level of landscape amenity or a convenient path between point A
and point B.
41

Each of these areas is described in detail below.
8.3 Location
The location of tracks and trails plays a major role in whether or not a track or trail is
utilised. Some things to avoid in the design of tracks and trails:
• located next to a busy road or highway
• trail is much longer than necessary or takes unnecessary diversions
• located in areas considered to be unsafe
• involve multiple highway or railway crossings
• commence in out of the way locations
• does not have a clear beginning and end
• located in areas with poor landscape amenity
8.4 Connectivity
It is important that tracks and trails that are developed link to existing tracks and trails
networks in the Shire and also consider linkages with tracks and trails in neighbouring
municipalities. This helps to create valuable linear pathways and also opportunities for
tourism and events. Self contained loops should be considered as part of the overall
network. Tracks and trails also need to connect with key services and attractions within
the Shire such as parks, lakes, rivers, bush, natural features, schools, shops, swimming
pools, swimming holes, sporting facilities, accommodation venues and attractions in
order to encourage maximum usage.
8.5 Legibility
Legibility of a route refers to the ease of following the intended route. Good legibility
reduces the need for explicit directional signage. Good legibility is achieved by:
• clear, direct track alignment along a logic desire line
• continuous track surface of the same material, where possible.
• clearly visible continuation of the track, e.g.. on the other side of a road or around
a bend
• visibility of a track marker, in a location where you would expect it
• avoidance of elements that discourage users to progress: closed gates, crossing
of fence lines, fallen logs protruding into the path, rocks placed across a path
• avoidance of elements that signal “neglect”: old infrastructure in disrepair (like
unusable seats), litter, leaning sign posts, outdated signage, old footings etc.
Where legibility cannot be achieved by the path itself, directional signage is required.
Examples are:
• where a track leaves a concrete footpath and is continued as a gravel surface
• where a track deviates from a logic route away from a key feature
• where a track continues crosses a road, but does not continue directly opposite
42

8.6 Trail Surface
The type of surface used on a trail is highly dependent upon its grading and should refer
to the relevant standards for trail construction. A Level One shared cycling / walking
trail, for instance, is likely to have a sealed surface made of asphalt or concrete, or a
compacted surface such as granitic sand (with grade two or three crushed rock as the
base). It will be designed for people of all abilities, including people in wheelchairs, using
motorized scooters or using walking frames. Level Three and Four trails are likely to
feature 20mm class 4 crushed rock where required as the base. Conversely, a Level
Five walking / cycling trail is likely to have an unformed trail that has not modified the
natural environment in any way.
8.7 Trail Width
On Level One and Two Level shared cycling / walking paths, the preference is for a trail
width of between two and three metres to allow people to travel side by side and to allow
someone coming from the other direction to pass easily. Given that trails in Loddon
Shire are not likely to be as heavily utilised as trails in other areas, e.g. Melbourne
Capital City Trail or Mountains to Murray Trail in the north-east of the state, it may be
acceptable in some instances to reduce the width of some trails to allow for easier
construction. As most trails will be built using a bobcat to clear the path, a width of 1.8
metres will be relatively easy to achieve as that is the width of a bobcat’s tray. Wherever
possible, however, the preference is for a wider trail to reduce the potential for trail
conflict. Trails on Level Three, Four and Five paths may be less wide than the preferred
two to three metres. Horse riding trails require a minimum of 2.5 metres for a single lane
trail.
8.8 Amenities
A range of amenities should be provided along trails so that users are provided with a
comfortable experience where possible. Access to toilets and picnic areas should be
provided in each town and at each major attraction, e.g. Melville Caves, Mt Terrick
Terrick, Little Lake Boort, etc. Shaded rest stops (i.e. trees) should be considered along
all trails and seats provided according to the grade of the trail. Where bins are placed at
picnic areas, they should be placed in discrete positions (which are still accessible to
rubbish trucks), but should not dominate the landscape at the trail entry point (as is
currently the case with some trails in the Shire).
A more contentious requirement is the need to access drinking water along tracks and
trails. However there are both practical and public liability concerns associated with this
including:
• contamination of water by vandals
• tanks emptied by campers
• tanks emptied due to lack of rain
• the need to regularly inspect tanks
• users expecting to be able to access water when there is none
• the need to purchase water to top up tanks
• shops selling bottled water in towns not open
43

It is therefore recommended that drinking water is not provided along tracks and trails in
Loddon Shire due to the potential for it to be contaminated or not available. Hence all
marketing material will need to clearly address the need for participants to take their own
water or to ensure that they purchase water from shops during business hours.
8.9 Accessibility
It is important to provide some trails in the municipality that are accessible to people of
all abilities and designed according to universal design principles. To help ensure
accessibility, the following should be considered:
• Relatively flat paths with a compacted surface such as asphalt, concrete or
granitic sand
• Any compacted granitic sand surfaces should be cement stabilised and require
excellent drainage to avoid the forming of erosion corrugations. Granitic sand
surfaces intended for all abilities access need to be regularly maintained to repair
soft spots or scouring.
• Signage that is clear and easy to read with a contrast luminance of greater than
30%
• Directional signage at intersections
• Raised tactile information with adjacent Braille signage
• Disabled toilets
• Bollards that are easily distinguishable from the path with a contrast luminance of
greater than 30%
• Picnic tables designed to allow a person in a wheelchair to sit at the table
• Seats with arm rests and backs
• Parking at trail heads suitable for mini buses
• Disabled car park at trail head
• Paths sufficiently wide (1.8-2m) to allow people in wheelchairs to pass oncoming
trail users
• Paths with sufficient flat run-off at the sides (to allow someone to regain control of
a motorized wheelchair or scooter if need be)
• Tactile ground surface indicators
8.10 Trail Maps
For all trails over 2km in length, hard copy maps need to be made available, either in
hard copy or as a downloadable map from the internet. These maps need to include:
• Map of the route with sufficient detail to enable people to find their way
• Start and finish points
• All junctions
• Access points to the trail
• Information of the trail level or standard and a description of that level
• The length of the trail and the estimated time to complete the trail
• Code of conduct if it’s a shared path
• Any rules, regulations or potential hazards
44

• Contact details to report incidents or issues
• Emergency contact details
8.11 Signage
Signage is also of great importance on tracks and trail. Consideration will need to be
given to the development of a signage strategy incorporating the following types of
signs:
• regulatory – e.g. trail bikes not allowed on the trail
• warning – e.g. trail subject to flooding
• behavioural – e.g. riders to keep to the left unless overtaking
• informative – e.g. toilets 2km
• directional – e.g. 5km to Inglewood
• interpretive – e.g. sign providing information about platypus along the Loddon
River at Newbridge
• promotional – e.g. advertising sign promoting food, beverage and
accommodation options in Pyramid Hill
• temporary – e.g. section of trail closed due to maintenance works
Any signage developed on the trail should reflect the relevant national trail standards
(refer to Appendix) and local branding (i.e. Loddon Shire Council or Parks Victoria). In
relation to walking trails, signage is currently being developed by the Victorian
Department of Sustainability and Environment. It is believed that the standards will be
released toward the end of 2009 or in early 2010. These standards are based on the
existing New Zealand standards and provide trail users with information about length of
trail in time and kilometres and degree of difficulty. Signage also needs to meet
Australian Standards AS1428.1.
To assist with emergency management procedures it is recommended that each trail is
numbered and that the number of each trail is incorporated into trail head signage. This
may assist emergency units to locate cyclists, walkers, horse riders or canoeists who are
lost or injured.
45

A hierarchy of different signs types will be required. Typically this would include the
following:
• Larger, clearly visible trail head signs
• Smaller for directional signage (incl. distance + travel time) (e.g. finger pointers or
timber band signs).
• Trail marker to reassure people that they are still on the right track (typically
every 12 – 15 min travel time)
A standard graphic layout for all signs should be developed, with the various trails
potentially distinguished by colour coding.
The information required should be bundled onto as few sign boards as possible to avoid
visual littering. It is also recommended to remove any superseded signage, as its
information content may be outdated and confusing.
In time, Councils (Visitor Information Centres) may consider providing track data files for
uploading to personal GPS units, or hiring GPS units to trail users with the route preloaded.
8.12 Trail Heads
At the start of each trail (the trail head) there needs to be a sign that incorporates the
following information:
• Trail name
• A map of the route, including a ‘you are here’ marker
• Information of the trail level or standard and a description of that level
• The length of the trail and the estimated time to complete the trail
• Key destinations
• Identification of sections suitable for all abilities access
• Code of conduct if it’s a shared path
• Any rules, regulations or potential hazards
• Contact details to report incidents or issues
• Emergency contact details
The nearest public road should also feature signage directing people to the start of the
trail. If possible it should be place in such a way that it is clearly visible to anybody
approaching or even passing in a car. This will advertise the trail to anybody passing by
and will gradually raise awareness of the existing trail network.
47

9.0 Management and Maintenance of Tracks and Trails
Management and maintenance of tracks and trails are two vitally important components,
which unfortunately are often overlooked or not given sufficient thought and attention.
The following sections explain why good quality management and effective maintenance
is so important, and why it is necessary to market and promote trails to both locals and
visitors.
9.1 Proposed Management Structures and Requirements
According to the Victorian Trails Strategy 40 , approximately 50% of all Victorian trails
(4,000km) are managed by Parks Victoria, with a further 35% (2,800km) managed by
DSE and the remaining 15% (1,200km) managed by local government authorities.
VicRoads coordinates the development of the Principle Bicycle Network (PBN). PBN
trails are generally on-road lanes located on the arterial road network (e.g. highways and
main roads). However, sometimes PBN’s comprise of off road paths alongside roads
and through areas of open space or sometimes even on local level roads.
Municipal Bicycle Networks (MBN) are often developed by Local Government
Authorities. These trails form the local trail network and can be either on or off road
shared paths.
In Loddon Shire, Council maintains all footpaths in town and Parks Victoria and DSE
manage tracks through areas of bush land. Shared trails such as the Little Lake Boort
Trail, Nardoo Trail in Wedderburn, Inglewood Reservoir Trail, Pyramid Hill Walking
Track, Dingee Walking Trail and Bridgewater River Walk are generally managed by
community organisations such as community planning groups, walking groups, service
clubs and ‘friends of groups’ in partnership with the relevant land manager (i.e. Loddon
Shire Council, Parks Victoria or DSE).
This process of shared management has considerable benefits including:
• Regular passive surveillance of the trail by local residents and notification of any
issues or concerns
• A sense of ownership of the trail by local residents
• A sense of pride in the trail by local residents
• Development of community networks and community strengthedness, brought
about by local people working together towards common goals
• Potential to undertake developments at a faster pace than if reliant on accessing
local or state government resources
• Potential to undertake developments at less cost than if reliant on local or state
government budgetary allocation processes, due to potential for in-kind labour
and donation of local materials
However, in order for shared community management to work effectively, the following
issues need to be addressed:
40 Victorian Trails Coordinating Committee – “Victorian Trails Strategy” (2005-2010)
48

• Insurance cover must be made available for all community volunteers working on
the trail (the Landcare model regarding insurance should be explored in further
detail)
• Training for volunteers in trail design and maintenance would be of considerable
value and ensure that the community is skilled and empowered to develop and
manage quality trails
• Equipment such as boom spraying equipment, etc needs to be made available to
community groups to maintain their trails to an agreed standard. This equipment
may form part of an equipment pool, or may be shared between several towns
• Grants need to be made available to community organisations to help them
undertake trail development and improvement projects. Assistance with grant
writing could also be of benefit if required.
• Rewards for community organisations managing trails also need to be
considered. Certificates of appreciation, an award luncheon and positive media
coverage can all help to sustain enthusiasm and booster morale
• Support from Council, Parks Victoria and DSE staff with major works that are
beyond the capacity of local people to perform or fund will also be required
periodically
• Although local community groups could install signage, the signage needs to be
provided by the managing authority to ensure consistency across the municipality
and across the state and to ensure that Australian Standards regarding signage
are met
• Marketing assistance needs to be provided to ensure that the trails are included
in local and state publications, e.g. Park Notes, Council’s website, tourism
brochures, tourism websites, etc
• Overall coordination of the trail should lie with a municipal-wide committee of
management such as the Nature Tourism Committee.
9.2 Proposed Maintenance Regime
Too often tracks and trails are built and then forgotten about. As time goes by, the
surface and the surrounding vegetation or signage deteriorate or are vandalised or
stolen; resulting in a less pleasant experience for users (and ultimately less use of the
trail overall) and a potential risk for land owners. It is therefore important that this asset is
maintained once built to ensure that users of the trail will be able to use it in safety and
comfort and at the same time the risk for Loddon Shire Council, Parks Victoria and
Department of Sustainability and Environment will be minimised.
A key factor that will help to eliminate future maintenance is to ensure that the trail is
planned and constructed to the highest standard possible in the first place, according to
its proposed level of use and grading. Also important is an effective maintenance
program that has funds allocated to it each year from the relevant management authority
and well trained staff or volunteers in place to implement the plan.
The following draft maintenance plan should help to ensure that tracks and trails are well
utilised and providing an enjoyable and safe experience for users at minimal risk to land
owners.
49

Initial tasks:
• Conduct an inventory of the entire trail using GPS to mark the position of all
signs, bridges, seats, toilets, seats, etc
• Prepare hazard inspection forms or obtain relevant forms from insurer and
develop a process whereby hazards identified are acted upon and documented
accordingly
• Ensure staff or volunteers are suitably trained and that suitable equipment is
available to conduct maintenance tasks
• Establish procedures which allow for residents or visitors to report matters
requiring maintenance, and to ensure that suitable works are undertaken as
required and documented accordingly
Suggested Maintenance Schedule for Various Trail Grades:
This suggested maintenance schedule has been prepared using information from
Loddon Shire Council’s Road Management Plan (which incorporates footpaths and
walking paths) and also from Department of Sustainability and Environment’s Road
Management Plan.
Task Level 1
LSC /
Clean toilets and replace toilet
paper
COM
Weekly (if
provided)
Empty bins at rest stops Weekly (if
provided)
Check all directional and
warning signage and repair or
replace as required
Check all seats, interpretive
signage and shelters and
repair or replace as required
Check vegetation adjoining
trail and cut back if necessary
Check surface of trail for
weeds, broken glass,
branches, etc and clear as
required
Check surface of trail for
erosion and repair or grade as
required
Check vegetation surrounding
trail and reduce any potential
fire hazards
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Check bridges and bollards Every 6
months
Undertake hazard
Every 6
identification inspection and months*
prepare a report to be
actioned
Level 2
SOL /
COM
Weekly (if
provided)
Weekly (if
provided)
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 6
months
Every 12
months
Every 12
months*
Level 3
PV / DSE
Weekly (if
provided)
Generally
not
provided
Every 12
months
Every 12
months
Every 12
months
Every 12
months
Every 12
months
Every 12
months
Every 12
months
Every 12
months
Level 4
PV / DSE
Generally
not
provided
Generally
not
provided
Every 12-
18
months
Generally
not
provided
Every 18
months
Every 18
months
Every 18
months
Every 18
months
Every 18
months
Every 18
months
Level 5
PV / DSE
Generally
not
provided
Generally
not
provided
Generally
not
provided
Generally
not
provided
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Every 24
months
50

LSC = Loddon Shire Council
COM = Committee of Management / Friends of Group / Local Community Group /
Service Club
PV = Parks Victoria
DSE = Department of Sustainability and Environment
*Possibly an independent audit required by Council’s road inspectors
9.3 Maintenance Budget
Sufficient funds need to be allocated to maintenance each year by the Loddon Shire
Council, Parks Victoria and DSE. It is important that these management authorities
maintain all of the trails within their jurisdiction to an acceptable standard. In order to
assist the Shire, Parks Victoria and DSE to budget for maintenance of tracks and trails,
the following indicative costs have been developed, based on industry standards:
Type of Surface / Item Indicative Costing for Maintenance
per Year
Unsurfaced,dirt or gravel trail
$2 per linear metre
Granitic sand trail
$3 per metre
Note that some of these works may be carried out by community members as in-kind
labour, using donated materials. Based on this scenario, Loddon Shire Council could
reasonably expect to set aside an amount of 3% of the total value of the tracks and trails
network per year for maintenance. For the purpose of this Strategy, an amount of
$20,000 per annum for maintenance has been suggested.
9.4 Marketing
Unless people know that trails exist, it is highly unlikely that they will receive the level of
use that is possible. The Loddon Shire Council’s Tourism Plan 41 identifies a number of
key marketing and promotional avenues to assist with the promotion of tourism
opportunities, including walking, cycling, horse riding and canoeing trails. These
avenues include:
• Reprint Loddon Visitor Guides
• Upgrade Loddon Shire Council webpage and develop links to town websites
• Develop a tourism data base that lists all opportunities
• Market, promote and evaluate Loddon Discovery Tours
• Continue to improve and promote Loddon Ambassador program
• Establish a Shire-based tourism, community and recreation newsletter
• Prepare and promote a calendar of events
• Promote events through local newspapers, Council’s website and Visitor
Information Centres in Wedderburn and Bendigo
41 Loddon Shire Council – “Loddon Tourism Plan” (2007-2010)
51

• Reprint town brochures
• Investigate the development of a Loddon Shire Visitor Radio Station
• Form a Loddon Nature Tourism Advisory Committee
• Form a Recreation Tourism Advisory Committee
• Develop a highway stop program
• Develop town maps
• Develop town or regional self drive Compact Disks (CDs)
Research undertaken as part of this project indicates that signage is a key promotional
aspect of tracks and trails. It will therefore be important to provide signage at trail heads
and along major roads directing people to the beginning of the trail. Brochures
containing maps that can be downloaded from the internet are also highly regarded by
people planning to undertake a walk, cycle, horse ride or canoeing trip. Loddon Shire’s
website should therefore be designed to accommodate this requirement. Hard copy
maps, which are available at Visitor Information Centres, milk bars / cafes and
accommodation venues should be developed too.
Any tracks and trails brochures developed should be consistent with one another and
feature the following type of information:
• Front cover with the name of the trail; a one line description of the trail; details of
partners; an attractive photo or image; and a logo.
• Map of trail over two panels, incorporating a legend which identifies toilets; rest
stops; trail heads; accommodation; food / beverages; bridges; road crossings;
car parking; and local attractions.
• Panel providing an overview of the trail (i.e. development of the trail, topography,
history, flora and fauna of the area, etc) and user etiquette.
• Panel providing information about bicycle / canoe / horse hire; bicycle repairs; car
parking; public transport access; toilets and rest stops; access to water; weather
conditions; and useful contacts.
• Panel providing information about appropriate usage; length of trail (in time and
kilometres); distances between towns; terrain; loops; and accommodation and
food.
Other opportunities to consider are advertisements or articles in local tourism brochures;
articles in statewide tourism magazines; information on websites such as Bicycle
Victoria; information in guide books such as Rail Trails of Victoria and South Australia.
52

9.5 Gaps and Opportunities
Based on survey results, information obtained from literature reviews and community
consultations; and general observations and analysis by the project team, there are a
number of gaps and opportunities in Loddon Shire’s current tracks and trails network.
Gaps that have been identified include:
• Signage is currently inadequate on most trails. There needs to be a trail head
sign, directional signage and trail marker signage (signage that reassures you
that you are still on the right track) at a minimum on most trails (except for level 5
trails, and to a lesser extent on grade 4 trails).
• Consistent names of tracks need to be used on trails and on brochures. Some
tracks appear to have up to three names on brochures, but none on the ground.
Each trail should be named on brochures and on trail head signage to avoid
confusion by users
• Some areas designed for people with disabilities do not actually meet
regulations. Where access is provided for people of all abilities, it needs to meet
current DDA standards.
• Confusion regarding the correct route occurs on some trails as the route is not
clear. Trails need to be free of hazards and barriers such as locked gates, rocks
or branches across paths, etc.
• Maintenance levels vary from track to track. There needs to be a greater
emphasis on maintaining existing tracks to ensure that the asset is well used and
does not deteriorate unnecessarily.
• Connections and linkages between trails is limited, as are opportunities for
shorter self-contained loops
• Lack of trails in areas where people would expect to see or like to see trails.
Opportunities that have been identified include:
• To develop marketing materials so that both local residents and visitors to the
area are aware of existing trails and are encouraged to use them. Promotional
tools may include a link on or from Loddon Shire Council’s website with
downloadable maps and information, as well as hard copy brochures and a
number of other tools
• To improve people’s understanding and appreciation of the natural
environment and local history by providing interpretive information on trail head
signage and on promotional material such as brochures and website.
• To provide opportunities for increased physical activity participation by visitors
and motorists by instigating a “Stop and Walk” campaign, whereby every
recognised rest stop along highways becomes a trail head for a local walk, or at
least provides directional signage and information about local walks.
• To develop guided or self-guided packaged tours. These tours could
incorporate options such as public transport, accommodation, dining and
discounts to local attractions.
• To develop, facilitate or bid for walking, running, orienteering, mountain biking,
cycling, canoeing or horse riding events using existing or future trails. These
53

events could form part of a local festival or be an event in their own right, e.g.
World Orienteering Competition.
• To develop a local management committee to oversee the Strategy’s
implementation. It is recommended that the existing Loddon Shire Council
Nature Tourism Committee, which includes representatives from Loddon Shire,
nature based tourism groups and Parks Victoria, becomes the committee with
this delegated responsibility. The role of this committee is to ensure that all
relevant management bodies and organisations meet regularly to discuss issues
pertaining to tracks and trails, plan for future developments, implement the
recommendations contained within the Tracks and Trails Strategy and evaluate
the Strategy. The committee may establish sub-committees as required to
broaden its membership or to seek specialist advice. Additional groups may
include relevant local management organisations such as community planning
groups, Friends of Kooyoora, Department of Sustainability and Environment,
VicRoads, relevant water authorities, health organisations, schools, etc.
54

10.0 Recommendations
Based on information and ideas sourced from:
• Literature review
• Demographic analysis
• Trends analysis
• Community surveys
• Community workshops
• Written submissions from community members
• Key stakeholder interviews
• Trail audit
The following recommendations have been made, recognising the limited resources available in Loddon Shire to implement projects:
Please note that these figures give a very preliminary overview of potential costs and do not represent detailed cost
estimations. Please refer to base figures for some cost items at the end of the chapter.
Abbreviations:
DPCD: Department of Planning and Community Development
DSE: Department of Sustainability and Environment
RDV: Regional Development Victoria
CPG: Community Planning Group
No. Town / Area Strategy Action Responsibility / Cost Priority
/ Issue
Partners
Tracks and Adopt the Loddon Present Tracks and Trails Strategy to Council staff No cost High
Trails Shire Tracks and Loddon Shire for adoption
Strategy Trails Strategy
Education To educate local Develop a Toolkit based on the
Council staff No cost High
community groups information contained within the Tracks
55

No. Town / Area Strategy Action Responsibility / Cost Priority
/ Issue
Partners
regarding tracks and Trails Strategy for local community
and trails design, groups to assist with trail design,
management,
maintenance and
marketing
management, maintenance and marketing
Marketing To ensure that both Develop a marketing strategy
Loddon Shire $10,000 High
local residents and incorporating maps / brochures for all Council
visitors are aware major tracks and trails. Format needs to
of tracks and trails be consistent and incorporate information Community
in the Shire and detailed in Section 9.5.
Planning
are encouraged to
use them.
Groups
Friends of
Groups
Marketing To ensure that both As part of the marketing strategy, develop Loddon Shire Staff time High
local residents and a tracks and trails section on the Loddon Council
visitors are aware Shire Council’s website
of tracks and trails
Community
in the Shire and
Planning
are encouraged to
use them.
Groups
Friends of
Groups
Marketing To ensure that both Ensure tracks and trails are included in all Loddon Shire Staff Ongoing
local residents and other promotional opportunities instigated Council
time
visitors are aware by Council, e.g. newsletters, media
of tracks and trails releases, visitor guides booklets, tours,
Included in
in the Shire and calendars of events, etc
Tourism
are encouraged to
use them.
budget
Signage To ensure that all Develop a signage strategy incorporating Loddon Shire Staff time High
56

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
tracks and trails trail head signage on each trail as well as Council
are easy to identify directional, interpretive, reassurance,
and provide clear informative, behavioural, warning and
and consistent regulatory, signage as required. The
information for strategy must also incorporate policies for
users
promotional signage by local businesses.
Accessibility To ensure that
opportunities exist
for people of all
abilities to access
tracks and trails in
Loddon Shire
Accessibility To ensure that
opportunities exist
for people of all
abilities to access
tracks and trails in
Loddon Shire
Management To ensure that
tracks and trails
are well managed
Undertake an access audit of township
trails to identify areas which may need to
be modified to provide improved access to
people of all abilities. Once a trail is
considered to be accessible, it needs to be
marketed as a Level 1 trail.
Identify section of other trails that are
accessible to people of all abilities and
market these sections accordingly.
Allocate responsibility for implementation
and evaluation of the Tracks and Trails
Strategy to the Loddon Shire Council
Nature Tourism Committee.
Loddon Shire
Council
Access Auditor
Loddon Shire
Council
Access Auditor
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
DSE
Friends of
Groups
Cost Priority
(signage
costs are
incorporate
d into
individual
township
recommend
ations)
Staff time High
Staff time High
Staff time High
57

No. Town / Area Strategy Action Responsibility / Cost Priority
/ Issue
Partners
Community
Planning
Groups
Management To ensure that Designate a key contact person at Council Loddon Shire Staff time High
tracks and trails responsible for the overall management of Council
are well managed tracks and trails on a day to day basis
Maintenance To ensure that To develop a maintenance schedule that Loddon Shire $20,000 High
tracks and trails
are maintained to
reflects Section 9.2 of this Strategy. Council
p.a.
an appropriate
level
DSE
Parks Victoria
Maintenance To ensure that Purchase two 4WD motorbikes with Loddon Shire $20,000 HIGH
Community trailers to assist with maintenance of Council
Planning Groups tracks and trails. One to be located in
are appropriately northern part of Shire and the other in the
equipped to assist
with approved
maintenance tasks
southern part.
Research Conduct research Regularly conduct surveys of trails to Loddon Shire Staff time Medium
to identify value of identify number of users and to determine Council
tracks and trails to economic impact of trail usage in Loddon
the community
La Trobe
University
Research Conduct research
to identify value of
tracks and trails to
the community
Conduct research to determine social and
health benefits of trails in Loddon
BRIT
Loddon Shire
Council
La Trobe
University
Staff time Medium
58

No. Town / Area Strategy Action Responsibility /
/ Issue
Partners
Research Conduct research Conduct research to determine
Loddon Shire
to identify value of environmental impact of trails in Loddon Council
tracks and trails to
La Trobe
the community
University
BOORT
Little Lake
Boort
Lookout
Walk
Complete the upgrade of Little Lake Boort:
Support Boort Development Committee’s
work to develop a boardwalk in this
section to improve public safety and to
protect the environment
Upgrade surface to gravel or granitic sand
and address drainage of the Lookout Trail
to prevent erosion
Loddon Shire
Council
Boort CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Signage Replace sign on highway
Boort CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Little Lake
Support work by Boort Development Loddon Shire
Boort
Committee to develop interpretive signage
around the Lake and fitness stations
Council
Boort CPG
Lookout
Link the Lookout Walk to Salt Lake Loddon Shire
Walk
Council
Cost Priority
Staff time Medium
$ 40,000
$ 10,000 –
$ 12,000
High
High
$3,000 High
Not costed Ongoing
Not costed Medium
Boort Develop an on road cycling trail to the
Boort CPG
Loddon Shire Not costed Medium
olive plantations and Lake Marmal
Vineyard
Council
Olive plantation
owners
Boort Develop a bushwalking / mountain bike Loddon Shire Not costed Low
59

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
trail around Lake Lyndger Council
Boort Develop an on-road cycling loop around
Boort: Along Wedderburn Rd to Borung;
along Borung Rd to Wychitella; north to
Barraport; east to Leagher; south to
Yando; and further south back to Boort
BRIDGEWATER
Bridgewater
Canoe Trail
Bridgewater
tracks
Bridgewater
Caravan
Park track
Bridgewater
River Track
Develop a 10km long canoe trail 4km
upstream from Bridgewater
Improve marketing by installing signage at
bridge crossing
Clarify nature of Caravan Park trail and
install signage accordingly (trail heads,
track marker and behavioural signage)
Install signage accordingly (trail heads,
track marker and behavioural signage)
Boort CPG
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Loddon Shire
Council
Bridgewater
CPG
Canoeing
Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Loddon Shire
Council
Bridgewater
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Cost Priority
Not costed Low
$50,000 High
$ 3,000
$ 5,000 –
$ 6,500
$ 5,000 –
$ 6,500
High
High
High
60

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Bridgewater
Flour Mill
Track
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Bridgewater
CPG
Upgrade the surface of the existing Flour Loddon Shire
Mill track to granitic sand
Council
Bridgewater
CPG
CALIVIL
Calivil Oval Maintenance of oval track Loddon Shire
Council
Calivil Forest
Walk
Calivil Onroad
Trail
DINGEE
Dingee Tang
Tang Trail
Dingee,
Calivil,
Mitiamo and
Upgrade of forest walk only if usage can
be justified
Develop an on road cycling trail linking
Dingee, Calivil, Mitiamo and Yarrawalla
together
Develop a shared walking / cycling trail
from Dingee to Tang Tang Wildlife
Reserve (5km in length)
Develop an on road cycling trail to link
these four townships together
Calivil CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Calivil CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Calivil CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Dingee CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Cost Priority
Not costed Medium
Not costed Ongoing
Not costed Low
Not costed Low
Not costed Medium
Not costed Low
61

No. Town / Area Strategy Action Responsibility /
/ Issue
Partners
Yarrawalla Relevant
community
planning groups
DURHAM OX
Durham Ox
Canoe Trail
EDDINGTON
Eddington
Town Walk
INGLEWOOD
Inglewood to
Mt Kooyoora
Trail
Inglewood
Botanic
Gardens /
Develop a canoeing trail on Serpentine
Creek from Boot-Pyramid Hill Road, north,
travelling parallel to Whytecross Road.
Develop walking / cycling trails accessing
river banks, Red Gum Forest, old unused
roads and potentially Hogan’s Bridge
Develop a shared off-road walking /
cycling trail between Inglewood and Mt
Kooyoora State Park, approx. 10 km
Develop a trail from Inglewood to the
Botanic Gardens / Reservoir
Loddon Shire
Council
Canoeing
Victoria
DPCD
Loddon Shire
Council
Eddington CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Friends of
Kooyoora Park
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Cost Priority
$ 31,500 -
$ 46,500
High
Not costed Medium
$ 300,000 -
$ 400,000
High
$49,000 High
62

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Reservoir
Trail
Inglewood
Reservoir
Track
Inglewood
Heritage
Trail
Inglewood
Morning Star
Trail
Inglewood
Town Trail
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Inglewood CPG
Complete the Reservoir Track by installing
a ramp
Continue to promote and develop
Inglewood Heritage Trail
Develop an off road walking / mountain
bike trail from Inglewood to Morning Star
Develop a trail around Inglewood that is
accessible to people in the hostel
Loddon Shire
Council
Inglewood CPG
Walking Groups
Service Clubs
Loddon Shire
Council
Inglewood CPG
Inglewood and
District
Historical
Association
Loddon Shire
Council
Inglewood CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Inglewood CPG
Inglewood
Health Services
Cost Priority
$20,000 High
Not costed High
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
63

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Inglewood to
Bridgewater
Trail
KORONG VALE
Korong Vale
Shared
Paths
LAANECOORIE
Laanecoorie
Canoe Trail
Laanecoorie
Riverside
Walk
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Service Clubs
Develop an on road cycling trail to Loddon Shire
Bridgewater along Sloane’s Lane
Council
Develop a shared walking / cycling trail in
the town
Develop a canoe trail from Dunolly
Eddington Rd / Bendigo-Maryborugh Rd
above Spillway to the dam wall.
Remove discouraging obstacles like gate,
fence in disrepair, old sign posts, rocks
and logs.
Inglewood CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Korong Vale
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Laanecoorie
CPG
Goulburn
Murray Water
Loddon Shire
Council
Laanecoorie
Cost Priority
Not costed Low
Not costed
(more
information
required –
costs may
be sourced
from
footpath
budget).
$ 32,000 -
$ 45,000
High
High
$ 1,000 High
64

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Laanecoorie
Riverside
Walk
Laanecoorie
Town Walk
Laanecoorie
Town Walk
Laanecoorie
Riverside
Walk
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
CPG
LEAGHUR STATE PARK
Leaghur
State Park
Clearly sign-post access to trail from Main
Rd and from southern picnic area
Upgrade town walk by re-opening walkway
over Loddon River.
Construct walk back to town on western
side of river approx. 1 km, if weir crossing
is successful
Loddon Shire
Council
Laanecoorie
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Goulburn
Murray Water
Laanecoorie
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Laanecoorie
CPG
Upgrade picnic furniture Loddon Shire
Council
Support a planned upgrade of walking
tracks by Parks Victoria, i.e. Black Box
Loddon Shire
Council
Cost Priority
$ 4,500-
$ 6,000
$ 5,000 -
$ 10,000
High
High
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
Parks
Victoria
Medium
65

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Strategy Action
Walking Track (between Chamberlain
Responsibility /
Partners
Track and Main Track) to Grade D
standard and also near Pickles Canal and
Lake Meran
Parks Victoria
MITIAMO / MT TERRICK TERRICK
Mitiamo Develop a shared walking / cycling trail to
Mt Terrick Terrick
Loddon Shire
Council
Mitiamo CPG
MT EGBERT
Mt Egbert Develop a walking trail around Mt Egbert Loddon Shire
Council
PV / DSE
MT HOPE
Mt Hope Improve marketing Loddon Shire
Council
Mt Hope Liaise with Parks Victoria to upgrade
picnic area (new seating, trees for shade)
or to remove
Mt Hope Determine the feasibility of developing a
long distance bushwalking trail from Mt
Hope to Pyramid Hill to Mt Terrick Terrick
(refer map chapter 3)
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Cost Priority
budget
Not costed Low
Not costed Low
Staff time High
$6,000 High
$8,000
Feasibility
Study
Low
66

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
MT KOOYOORA
Mt Kooyoora Support Park Victoria’s intention to
upgrade Melville Caves Track and to
improve Mt Kooyoora tracks and trails in
general
Mt
Kooyoora/
Inglewood
Develop a shared walking / cycling trail
between Inglewood and Mt Kooyoora
State Park
MT KORONG
Mt Korong Further investigate need for a walking
track at Mt Korong
MT MOLIAGUL
Mt Moliagul Improve marketing by incorporating into
Loddon Visitor’s Guide and providing
information on the Loddon Shire’s website
Mt Moliagul Liaise with DSE in regards to potential
sign-posting and extension into loop walk.
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Friends of
Kooyoora Park
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
DSE/Parks
Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Loddon Shire
Council
DSE
Cost Priority
Parks
Victoria
budget
As for
Inglewood:
$ 300,000 -
$ 400,000
DSE/Parks
Victoria
budget
High
High
Low
Not costed Medium
DSE budget Low
67

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
NEWBRIDGE
Newbridge
Town Walk
Newbridge /
Tarnagulla /
Waanyarra
Horse Riding
Trail
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Develop a town walk along both sides of
the Loddon River
Develop a horse riding trail between
Waanyarra, Newbridge and Tarnagulla
PYRAMID HILL
Pyramid Hill Use consistent names for the trail and its
sections in all publications
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Improve advertising signage in town
centre
Sign-post track all the way from the town
centre as per recommended standard
Loddon Shire
Council
Goulburn
Murray Water
Newbridge CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Tarnagulla CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Cost Priority
$ 20,000 -
$ 30,000
and
$ 8,000 for
signage
High
Not costed Medium
Staff time High
$ 3,000 High
$ 1,200 –
$ 1,500
High
68

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Pyramid Hill
Trail
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Tree planting along Leitchville-Pyramid
Road section for shade, 1.5 km, 100 trees
Loddon Shire
Council
Remove unused sign posts at Pyramid Hill
Consider upgrading one picnic setting with
an all abilities access ramp and sealed
surface at Pyramid Hill
Relocate direction/distance sign near the
pool closer to the car park areas or pool
entry for better visibility
Relocate and screen litter bins in picnic
area
Consider upgrading shelter including of
lowering the window sill height for better
views
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Cost Priority
$ 8,000 –
$ 10,000
High
$ 500 High
$ 3,000 High
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
Not costed Low
Pyramid Hill, Determine the feasibility of developing a
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Loddon Shire Not costed Low
69

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Mt Hope and
Terrick
Terrick
SERPENTINE
T.J. Rudkins
Reserve &
Pon Pon
Walking
Track
T.J. Rudkins
Reserve &
Pon Pon
Walking
Track
SHELBOURNE
Shelbourne
Rail Trail
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
long distance mountain bike trail from Mt
Hope to Pyramid Hill to Mt Terrick Terrick
Council
Parks Victoria
Extend loop to T.J. Rudkins Reserve by
installing trail head & directional signage
incl. distance and walking time at T.J.
Rudkins Reserve to inform motorists about
Pon Pon Reserve
Sign-post loop with small, low cost
markers
Develop a rail trail between Shelbourne
and Castlemaine via Maldon
Pyramid Hill
CPG
Mitiamo CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Loddon Shire
Council
Loddon Shire
Council
Mt Alexander
Shire
DPCD
RDV
Cost Priority
$ 5,000 -
$ 6,500
High
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
70

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
TARNAGULLA
Tarnagulla
Town Walk
Tarnagulla
Town Walk
Tarnagulla
Town Walk
Tarnagulla
Mine Walk
Tarnagulla
Mountain
Bike Track
Tarnagulla /
Waanyarra /
Newbridge
Horse Riding
Trail
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Investigate extension of existing town walk
into a loop walk integrating sites of the
audio tour.
Install signage, approx. 800 m
Install signage for extended walk referring
to audio tour. Include advertising signage
for Dunolly/Wanyarra cycling route by
larger signage in town centre.
Consider upgrading of trail surfaces to all
access standards (ideally asphalt or
concrete surface) to create an all access
visitor destination
Loddon Shire
Council
Tarnagulla CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Loddon Shire
Council
Tarnagulla
Develop a mine walk Loddon Shire
Council
Extend mountain bike track from
Waanyarra Cemetery to Tarnagulla
township
Develop a horse riding trail between
Waanyarra, Newbridge and Tarnagulla
Tarnagulla CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Tarnagulla CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Tarnagulla CPG
Cost Priority
$ 28,000 -
$ 33,000
$ 13,000 –
$ 16,500
High
High
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
71

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
TERRICK TERRICK
Terrick
Terrick
National
Park
Terrick
Terrick
National
Park
WAANYARRA
Waanyarra /
Newbridge /
Tarnagulla
Horse Riding
Trail
WEDDERBURN
Wedderburn
Nardoo
Track
Wedderburn
Nardoo
Track
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Support Parks Victoria’s intention to make
a more definitive path to the summit of
Mount Terrick Terrick; and its intention to
develop grasslands tours
Determine the feasibility of developing a
long distance cycling trail from Mt Hope to
Pyramid Hill to Mt Terrick Terrick
Develop a horse riding trail between
Waanyarra, Newbridge and Tarnagulla
Additional tree planting at Nardoo track,
especially at southern end, for improved
shade
Improvement of trail connection along
Tantalla Street (removal of barriers for
people with mobility issues)
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Loddon Shire
Council
Parks Victoria
Tarnagulla CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Wedderburn
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Cost Priority
Parks
Victoria
budget
Medium
Not costed Low
Not costed Medium
$ 2,000 –
$ 3,000
$ 5,000 -
$ 8,000
Wedderburn Extend track
Wedderburn
CPG
Loddon Shire Not costed Medium
High
High
72

No. Town / Area
/ Issue
Nardoo
Track
Wedderburn
tracks
Wedderburn
Cross
Country
Track
Wedderburn
Town Walk
Strategy Action Responsibility /
Partners
Council
Wedderburn
CPG
Additional signage with distance and time Loddon Shire
Council
Wedderburn
CPG
Upgrade old cross country track Loddon Shire
Council
Develop a town walk highlighting key
historical and cultural attractions
Wedderburn
CPG
Loddon Shire
Council
Wedderburn
CPG
Historical
Association
Cost Priority
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
Not costed Medium
73

Total value of high priority actions is estimated to be in the vicinity of $691,700
(based on lower estimates when range of prices is provided) plus an additional
$20,000 each year for maintenance of tracks and trails. Note that external grants
will need to be sourced to assist with the development of some of these
initiatives, as will in-kind support from community organisations. These high
priority actions may be undertaken over a 5-10 year period, depending upon
available resources. To provide economies of scale, it is recommended that bulk
purchase of signage is undertaken where possible to reduce the cost.
The indicative costings identified in this report have been based on the following
figures:
NB: All costs include installation costs.
Large trail head sign: $ 3,000
Medium sign: $ 800 - $ 1,000
Finger pointer sign: $ 600 - $ 800
Granitic sand path, 2.0 m wide, incl. drainage etc. per lin.m: $ 30 - $ 40
Grading of path with occasional gravel improvement per lin.m $ 20
Trees, varying planting size: $ 80 - $ 200
Picnic setting $ 1,500 - $ 2,000
Boardwalk (e.g. Permatrak) per square metre $400
74