AMR-June-July-2013

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N A V A L ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE: FROM GUN TO MISSILE Warships target other warships with merchantmen as the secondary target, and the weapon options for what is now called Anti- Surface Warfare (ASuW) are surprisingly broad. Since the 1960s the prime weapon for ASuW has been the missile both in the air-tosurface version, first used with spectacular success to sink the battleship Roma in 1943, and the surface-to-surface version whose value was demonstrated by the Egyptian Navy’s stand-off sinking of the Israeli destroyer Eilat in 1967. The latter was achieved with a first generation weapon still much used in Asia, the Russian P-15 Termit, better known by the NATO designation SS-N-2 ‘Styx’. by Ted Hooten In its original version ‘Styx’ continues to be used by India, North Korea and Vietnam while China has produced an improved version HY-2 (CSS-N-3 ‘Seersucker’). All are characterised by a large launch weight (2.5 tonne) with simple autopilot guidance augmented by active radar (HY-2 can use an infra-red seeker) powered by a rocket motor fuelled by kerosene and nitric acid with a sub-sonic speed (Mach 0.9). They have a maximum range of some 21.5-43 nautical miles (40-80 kilometres), although HY-2 can reach 51 nautical miles (95 kilometres), but it is a crude, relatively dumb weapon, with a powerful (454 kilogramme) warhead while its corrosive fuel system requires careful maintenance. The ‘Styx’ family are essentially shiplaunched weapons, in major surface combatants such as destroyers and frigates as well as smaller ones such as corvettes and fast attack craft, but the second-generation of weapons are more versatile and can be used from ships, aircraft and even submarines. The most famous are Harpoon, used by eight Asian navies, and Exocet used by six Asian navies, but they have similar sub-sonic speeds and are more sophisticated. Guidance is based upon inertial navigation systems which receive inputs of launch platform co-ordinates and approximate target co-ordinates and then use accelerometer motion sensors and gyroscopic rotation sensors to provide data to a computer which continuously calculates the location, direction and velocity of the missile and compares own location with that of the target. Within proximity to the target the missile activates its own radar to detect it and to control the terminal phase, this sensor having the ability to guide the weapon into either the horizontal or the vertical centre of the radar image. 52 l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l
N A V A L ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE One of the most popular long range gun systems is Oto Melara's 127mm (5 inch) mounting. Oto Melara are developing a range of extended range ammunition, Vulcano, for this mounting © Oto Melara Similar weapons are MBDA’s Otomat Mk 2 used by Bangladesh and Malaysia, the Russian 3M24 Uran (Uranium) selected by India and Vietnam and China’s YJ-83 or CSS-N-6 ‘Saccade’ whose export version is designated C-802 with version used by Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand. Asian-produced weapons are Japan’s Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Type 90 (SSM-1B) and South Korea’s LIG Nex1 Haeseong (Sea Star) or SSM-700K as well as Taiwan’s Hsiung Feng II (Brave Wind II). There is a growing Asian interest in supersonic anti-ship missiles which have the advantage of reducing a target’s reaction times; indeed they can halve the effective range of close-in weapon systems. But their very velocity is the problem, and the reason they are not more widely used for they have less time for their radar processors to evaluate information from the sensor and allow the guidance system to react. Indeed it has been suggested they may be more vulnerable to electronic counter-measures than sub-sonic weapons which have sufficient fuel to re-acquire lost targets. India uses both the Russian 3M80/3M82 Moskit (Mosquito) or SS-N-22 ‘Sunburn’ and the PJ-10 Brahmos, jointly developed with the Russians, while China also uses ‘Sunburn’ but only in Russianbuilt Sovremenny class destroyers. ‘Sunburn’ is capable of Mach 3, has a range of 65 nautical miles (120 kilometres) and carries a 320 kilogramme warhead while Brahmos is a Mach 2.8 ramjet-powered These missiles also have a degree of intelligence approaching their target indirectly, turning at a predetermined way point or even way points, and at varying heights depending upon whether or not the mission requirement is for fuel efficiency, to achieve greater range or a covert approach, flying just above the waves to make them more difficult for the target’s radars to detect. Alternatively, the missiles can be pre-set to dive upon the target at a steep angle for greater lethality. Because they are designed to strike the most vulnerable part of a ship both Harpoon and Exocet have smaller warheads than ‘Styx’; 221 and 165 kilogrammes respectively. The turbo-jet powered Harpoon had the longer range, up to 130 nautical miles (240 kilometres) compared with 38 nautical miles (70 kilometres) in the rocket-powered Exocet MM40 but Exocet Block 3 has a turbo-jet engine giving a range of 97 nautical miles (180 kilometres) with greater accuracy thanks to the incorporation of a Global Positions System (GPS) unit using satellite navigation inputs. The Boeing (formerly McDonnell Douglas) Harpoon anti-ship missile is used extensively by Asia's navies © Boeing l JUNE/JULY <strong>2013</strong> l 53
Page 1 and 2: VOLUME 21/ISSUE 4 JUNE/JULY 2013 US
Page 3 and 4: Contents JUNE/JULY 2013 VOLUME 21 /
Page 6 and 7: A I R P O W E R C O U N T E R I N S
Page 14 and 15: I N F A N T R Y F I G H T I N G V E
Page 22 and 23: VOLUME 18/ISSUE 2 MARCH 2010 US$15
Page 24 and 25: REGIONAL U A V D I R E C T O R Y Th
Page 26: REGIONAL U A V D I R E C T O R Y Th
Page 29 and 30: REGIONAL U A V D I R E C T O R Y J/
Page 31 and 32: REGIONAL U A V D I R E C T O R Y te
Page 34 and 35: NIGHT VISION T H E R M A L I M A G
Page 40 and 41: C L O S E A I R S U P P O R T UP CL
Page 42 and 43: C L O S E A I R S U P P O R T ance
Page 44 and 45: C L O S E A I R S U P P O R T Depar
Page 46 and 47: M I L I T A R Y TRAINING & SIMULATI
Page 48: M I L I T A R Y TRAINING & SIMULATI
Page 51: There is a steadily increasing dema
Page 55 and 56: N A V A L ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE adva
Page 58 and 59: BUSINESS WITH ROSONBORNEXPORT A NEE
Page 60: REGIONAL NEWS A N D D E V E L O P M
Page 64: REGIONAL NEWS A N D D E V E L O P M

AMR-June-July-2013

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