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A brief explanation on how the amperage of a device is calculated. Resistive Load • Resistive loads are typically those in which electricity produces heat or light, or both, rather than movement. Typical examples of resistive loads include incandescent light bulbs and immersion heaters. Inductive Load • Inductive loads are loads from electrical devices in which electricity circulates through wound or coiled wire. Typical examples of inductive loads include motors, relays, solenoids and transformers. The rule of thumb is if the load has movement it is generally inductive. The power used by a resistive load can be calculated with the formula P = V x I, where P represents power, measured in watts, V represents voltage, measured in volts, and I represents current, measured in amperes, according to Ohm’s Law. Example 1: If we take an electric kettle running on 240 volts single phase at 12.5 amperes we get 3000 watts V x I = P 240 x 12.5 = 3000 However, the power of an inductive load cannot be calculated in the same way because an inductive load returns some of the energy used back to the source. A resistive load uses 100 percent of its power to produce work, whereas an inductive load uses some power to operate—in the case of an electric motor, to magnetize the core—and the remainder to produce work. We have a 1.1 Kilowatt 3 phase 4 pole electric motor running on a 415 volt 3 phase power supply Kw x 1000 1100 Watts √3 x V x pf 1.73 x 415 x 0.65 = 2.357 Amperes, this is rounded up to 2.40 A √3 = the square root of 3 (V = Voltage) 415 is the line to line voltage, the voltage between two of the three phases L1 & L2 (pf =Power Factor) Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that describes this relationship: In circuit analysis, three equivalent expressions of Ohm's law are used interchangeably:
Each equation is quoted by some sources as the defining relationship of Ohm's law or all three are quoted, or derived from a proportional form, or even just the two that do not correspond to Ohm's original statement may sometimes be given The way you can change the equation may be represented by a triangle, where V is the voltage and is placed on the top section, I is the current and is placed to the left section, and R is the resistance and is placed to the right. The line that divides the left and right sections indicate multiplication, and the divider between the top and bottom sections indicates division (hence the division bar). Power Factor In AC circuits, the power factor is the ratio of the Real Power that is used to do work and the Apparent Power that is supplied to the circuit. The power factor can get values in the range from 0 to 1. When all the power is reactive power with no real power (usually inductive load) - the power factor is 0.? When all the power is real power with no reactive power (resistive load) - the power factor is 1. Real power Real power is the power that is used to do the work on the load. P = Vrms Irms cos φ
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