AncillaryServices.KirschenChapter5Slides.LTEdits.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

How should A/S be procured? • Two approaches: • Compulsory A/S provision • Market for A/S • Each approach has advantages and disadvantages • Choice influenced by: • Type of service • Nature of the power system • History of the power system © Daniel Kirschen & Leigh Tesfatsion 2011 48
One Possibility: Compulsory A/S Provision • To be allowed to connect to the system, generators might be obliged to provide some forms of A/S • Examples: � Each generating unit must be equipped with governor with a 4% droop coefficient m, where f /f n = -m P/P n (n = nominal value) • Implies all generators contribute to keeping frequency f close to f n � Each generating unit must be able to operate at a power factor P/S = [active power P]/[apparent power S] that ranges from 0.85 lead to 0.9 lag and be equipped with an automatic voltage regulator • Implies all generators contribute to voltage control & reactive support © Daniel Kirschen & Leigh Tesfatsion 2011 49
Page 1 and 2: System Reliability and Ancillary Se
Page 3 and 4: Key Definition: Ancillary Services
Page 5 and 6: System Reliability = Adequacy + Sec
Page 7 and 8: Corrective Action • Taken only if
Page 9 and 10: Needs for Ancillary Services (Secti
Page 11 and 12: Balancing Generation and Load…Con
Page 13 and 14: Balancing Generation and Load … C
Page 15 and 16: Balancing Generation and Load … C
Page 17 and 18: Balancing Services…Continued Diff
Page 19 and 20: Example: Load (MW) Over 5 Trading P
Page 21 and 22: Actual Power Produced Over the 5 Pe
Page 23 and 24: Sources of Imbalance & correspondin
Page 25 and 26: Regulation Service in More Detail:
Page 27 and 28: Spinning/Non-Spinning Reserve Servi
Page 29 and 30: Network Issues: Contingency Analysi
Page 31 and 32: Example: Thermal Capacity A B Figur
Page 33 and 34: Example: Transient Stability • As
Page 35 and 36: Example: Voltage Stability … Cont
Page 37 and 38: Voltage Control & Reactive Support
Page 39 and 40: Example: Voltage Control under Norm
Page 41 and 42: Example: Reactive support After Lin
Page 43 and 44: Other Forms of Ancillary Services
Page 45 and 46: Obtaining Ancillary Services (A/S)
Page 47: How much A/S should be procured …
Page 51 and 52: Disadvantages of Compulsory Provisi
Page 53 and 54: Another Possibility: Have an A/S Ma
Page 55 and 56: Disadvantages of an A/S Market •
Page 57 and 58: Advantages of Demand-Side Provision
Page 59 and 60: Who Should Pay for A/S? • Differe
Page 61 and 62: Example: Allocating Cost of Reserve
Page 63 and 64: Selling A/S • Selling A/S is a bu
Page 65 and 66: Notation: 1 2 x 1 x 2 P min P max R
Page 67 and 68: First-Order Necessary Conditions fo
Page 69 and 70: Case 1: • No binding constraints
Page 71 and 72: Case 3: • Unit operates at minimu
Page 73 and 74: Case 6: • Reserves limited by ram
Page 75: Case 8: • Generator at minimum ou

AncillaryServices.KirschenChapter5Slides.LTEdits.pdf

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?